Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Margaret E. Berry Originator: Janet L. Slate Originator: Paul R. Hanson Originator: Theodore R. Brandt Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Geologic map of the Orchard 7.5’ quadrangle, Morgan County, Colorado Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: USGS Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM 3331 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Denver, Colorado Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3331 Description: Abstract: The Orchard 7.5’ quadrangle is located along the South Platte River corridor on the semi-arid plains of eastern Colorado, and contains surficial deposits that record alluvial, eolian, and hillslope processes that have operated through environmental changes from the Pleistocene to the present. The South Platte River, originating high in the Colorado Front Range, has played a major role in shaping the geology of the quadrangle, which is situated downstream of where the last of the major headwater tributaries (St. Vrain, Big Thompson, and Cache la Poudre) join the river. Recurrent glaciation (and deglaciation) of basin headwaters affected river discharge and sediment supply far downstream, influencing alluvium deposition and terrace formation in the Orchard quadrangle. Kiowa and Bijou Creeks, unglaciated tributaries originating east of the Front Range also have played a major role by periodically delivering large volumes of sediment to the river during flood events, which may have temporarily dammed the river. Eolian sand deposits of the Greeley (north of river) and Fort Morgan (south of river) dune fields cover much of the quadrangle and record past episodes of sand mobilization during times of drought. With the onset of irrigation during historic times, the South Platte River has changed from a broad, shallow, and sandy braided river with highly seasonal discharge to a much narrower, deeper river with braided-meandering transition morphology and more uniform discharge. Along this reach, the river has incised into Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale, which, although buried by alluvial deposits in Orchard quadrangle, is locally exposed downstream along the South Platte River bluff near the Bijou Creek confluence, in some of the larger draws, and along Wildcat Creek. Purpose: To provide a geologic map database showing the distribution of fluvial, eolian, and hillslope deposits along the South Platte River corridor in the Orchard, Colorado area, to better understand past geomorphic system response to environmental change and the geologic framework of South Platte River corridor ecosystems. Supplemental_Information: Map political location: Morgan County, Colorado Compilation scale: 1:24,000 Base map used is the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5’ topographic quadrangle for Orchard, Colorado Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2015 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none currently planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -104.12500 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -104.00000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.37500 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.25000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: AGI Glossary of Geology Theme_Keyword: alluvium Theme_Keyword: argillic B horizon Theme_Keyword: braided Theme_Keyword: Bull Lake glaciation Theme_Keyword: colluvium Theme_Keyword: discharge Theme_Keyword: dune Theme_Keyword: eolian Theme_Keyword: floodplain Theme_Keyword: geologic map Theme_Keyword: lignite Theme_Keyword: luminescence Theme_Keyword: OSL Theme_Keyword: meandering Theme_Keyword: Pinedale glaciation Theme_Keyword: radiocarbon Theme_Keyword: sand sheet Theme_Keyword: sheetflood Theme_Keyword: soil Theme_Keyword: terrace Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: U.S. Board of Geographic Names (BGN) Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: United States Place_Keyword: Colorado Place_Keyword: Morgan County Place_Keyword: Weld County Place_Keyword: Bijou Creek Place_Keyword: Empire Reservoir Place_Keyword: Fort Morgan Place_Keyword: Front Range Place_Keyword: Greeley Place_Keyword: Jackson Reservoir Place_Keyword: Kersey Place_Keyword: Kiowa Creek Place_Keyword: Masters Place_Keyword: Milliron Draw Place_Keyword: Orchard Place_Keyword: South Platte River Place_Keyword: Weldona Place_Keyword: Wildcat Creek Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: National Geologic Map Database Geologic Names Lexicon (http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geolex/geolex_home.html) Stratum_Keyword: Broadway Alluvium Stratum_Keyword: Laramie Formation Stratum_Keyword: Louviers Alluvium Stratum_Keyword: Pierre Shale Stratum_Keyword: Piney Creek Alluvium Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: International Commission on Stratigraphy (http://www.stratigraphy.org) Temporal_Keyword: Cretaceous Temporal_Keyword: Holocene Temporal_Keyword: Pleistocene Temporal_Keyword: Quaternary Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Users of this geospatial database and geologic information derived there from should acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of the data. Although software enables a user to display images at various scales, map data in this report should not be used at scales greater than 1:24,000. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Margaret E. Berry Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: P.O. Box 25046, MS 980 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1240 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: meberry@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3331_map.pdf/ Browse_Graphic_File_Description: graphic representation of map layout Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PDF Data_Set_Credit: Theodore R. Brandt, U.S. Geological Survey, served as primary author of the GIS database. Thomas W. Judkins, U.S. Geological Survey, carried out the Geologic Names Review. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Windows_7, Intel ArcGIS version 10.2.2 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data were entered and checked by the geologist that made the field observations. The attributes of this geospatial data set consist of text identifiers and numeric codes that indicate the identity of the geologic unit or type of geologic feature, and determine how each feature is colored or symbolized. To check attribute accuracy, a color check plot was visually compared to the geologist's original compilation. Discrepancies between the digital geospatial dataset and the original analog or digital compilation were corrected as needed. Machine-created listings of unique attribute values were used to identify spelling errors or other inconsistencies, and corrections were made as needed. Logical_Consistency_Report: Map elements were visually checked for overshoots, undershoots, duplicate features, polygon closure, and other errors by the lead author and by the GIS technician(s) that created the digital database. Automated (ArcInfo) routines were also used to check the databases for polygon label errors, line or point attribution errors, sliver polygons, dangling arcs, intersection errors, and projection information. Check plots of the map were reviewed by at least one other geologist for consistency with basic geologic principles and general conformity to USGS mapping standards. Completeness_Report: Data are complete: no features that could be accurately represented at the compilation scale of 1:24,000 were eliminated or generalized. The smallest area represented is approximately 500 square meters. All geospatial database elements are attributed. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Most digitized positions on the map that depict distinct contacts between rock formations in the field are estimated to be within 20 m of the actual contact on the land in most instances. Boundaries (lines) between Quaternary units (for example, terrace gravels) that correspond closely to distinct edges of landforms (for example, river terraces) are of comparable accuracy. Boundaries (lines) between some Quaternary units, such as eolian deposits and broad alluvial aprons, are approximately located within an indefinite gradational zone between them. Horizontal positional accuracy is tested by visual comparison of hard copy test plots to source maps or comparing locations of data on a computer monitor to other data layers in the same geographic area. The database contains no elevation data. Accuracy of these digital data indirectly depends on accuracy of the base maps on which the original source geologic maps were compiled. These base maps were made by the U.S. Geological Survey, which routinely checks them for compliance with the National Map Accuracy Standards. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Lewis, R. S. Originator: Derkey, P. D. Title: Digital geologic map of part of the Thompson Falls 1:100,000 quadrangle, Idaho Publication_Date: 1999 Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report Issue_Identification: OFR 99-438 Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1999 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Lewis and Derkey (1999) Source_Contribution: GIS database structure source Process_Step: Process_Description: Geologic mapping builds off previous mapping by Gardner, M.E., 1967, Quaternary and engineering geology of the Orchard, Weldona, and Fort Morgan quadrangles, Morgan County, Colorado: Ph.D. dissertation, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, 283 p. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Digital geologic map presented here was completed using a combination of field investigation, geochronologic research, and interpretation of the following: stereoscopic pairs of National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP) color-infrared (1988, 1:40,000 scale), and historical black and white (1948, 1:39,230 scale; 1949, 1:16,620 scale) aerial photographs; National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) ortho imagery (U.S. Department of Agriculture Farm Service Agency Aerial Photography Field Office, 2009, 2011, 2013); topographic and digital elevation (DEM) data; Web Soil Survey digital soil data (U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, 2009); Google Earth imagery; Federal Emergency Management Agency (1989) flood maps (1:19,200 approximate scale); and subsurface lithologic data from test holes and water wells (Bjorklund and Brown, 1957; Colorado Division of Water Resources, 2013). Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Field mapping and research was conducted between 2011 and 2013. Digital mapping using ArcMap software was done initially on NAIP ortho imagery taken in 2009 and later refined using imagery taken in 2011 and 2013; location and dimensions of the South Platte River and other water bodies shown on this map are based on the 2013 imagery. The topographic base is out of date particularly with regard to locations of river bluff; banks of the South Platte River, Bijou Creek and Kiowa Creek; and roadways across the river, which have changed in places due to fluvial activity since the topographic base was created. Therefore, geologic mapping associated with these features also is based on the NAIP imagery. All field mapping and all imagery used for mapping predate the large- magnitude flood on the South Platte River during mid-September 2013. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: The geology was mapped by M.E. Berry from 2011–2013. J.L. Slate assisted with OSL and radiocarbon sampling and stratigraphic descriptions. P.R. Hanson processed and analyzed OSL samples and generated OSL age estimates. Process_Date: 2014 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata created by T.R. Brandt. Process_Date: 2015 Process_Step: Process_Description: Metadata reviewed and revised by T.R. Brandt. Process_Date: 2015 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 5 Ordinate_Resolution: 5 Planar_Distance_Units: METERS Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 13 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: .9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -105.0000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00 False_Easting: 500000.0000 False_Northing: 0.0000 Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: The data are supplied in ArcInfo export format, ArcView shapefile format, and ArcGIS geodatabase format. DATABASE STRUCTURE - ArcInfo ==================================== This GIS database includes related look-up tables, which store detailed attribute information. This database structure is more fully described in USGS OFR 99-438 (Lewis and Derkey, 1999). The GIS database structure used in the database includes symbol and pattern items in coverage point, polygon (PAT), and arc (AAT) attribute tables for user convenience. ArcInfo relates for each coverage are saved in a file named .rel. Use the RELATE command with the restore argument at the arc prompt to make the relates active. Alternatively, in ArcTools, use the Relate environment: open dialog in the Manage Relates flyout menu under the ArcTools menu to make the relates active. orchgeo coverage: Contains all contact lines and label points for each geologic polygon. In the .pat INFO file the SOURCE item provides a numeric code used to identify the data source for the rock unit. Complete references for the sources listed are listed in the orchgeo.ref file. The LABEL item indicates the rock unit label (abbreviation) used to label unit on map. The DESC item defines formal or informal unit name. The SYMBOL item contains the shadeset symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot a filled/shaded polygon. The symbol numbers in this item refer to the wpgcmykg.shd shadeset included with the dataset. The PATTERN item contains the pattern number used in the published version of the map. Patterns that correspond with the pattern numbers are displayed in Federal Geographic Data Committee document no. FGDC- STD-013-2006, rev. 2010. There is no ArcInfo shadeset that corresponds to these patterns. In the orchgeo.aat INFO file, the LINECODE item provides a numeric Code used to identify type of linear feature. Linecodes less than 100 are used for contacts and boundaries that are described in the orchgeo.con file. The NAME item lists the name given to the structural feature. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source for the linear feature. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset). Complete references for the sources are listed in the orchgeo.ref file. Related look-up table files are orchgeo.con, and orchgeo.ref. In the orchgeo.con INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value less than 100) used to identify type of contact or boundary. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, contact, State boundaries, lines of latitude and longitude used for neatlines). The MODIFIER item lists the line type modifier (that is, approximate, concealed, or gradational). No entry implies 'known.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of contact or boundary (that is, inferred or uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the contact or boundary. The INFO structure of these files is listed below: >ORCHGEO.PAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 > 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 > 17 ORCHGEO# 4 5 B - > 21 ORCHGEO-ID 4 5 B - > 25 SOURCE 2 5 B - > 27 LABEL 10 10 C - > 37 DESC 150 150 C - > 187 SYMBOL 2 5 B - > 189 PATTERN 2 5 B - >ORCHGEO.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 ORCHGEO# 4 5 B - > 29 ORCHGEO-ID 4 5 B - > 33 LINECODE 2 5 B - > 35 NAME 150 150 C - > 185 SOURCE 2 5 B - > 187 SYMBOL 2 5 B - >ORCHGEO.CON: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 MODIFIER 20 20 C - > 37 CERTAINTY 15 15 C - > 52 DESC 100 100 C - >ORCHGEO.STR: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 HORIZONTAL 20 20 C - > 37 VERTICAL 20 20 C - > 57 FOLD 15 15 C - > 72 PLUNGE 15 15 C - > 87 ACCURACY 15 15 C - > 102 CERTAINTY 15 15 C - > 117 DESC 100 100 C - > ORCHGEO.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - orcrests coverage: Contains dune crest lines In the orcrests.aat INFO file, the LINECODE item provides a numeric code used to identify type of linear feature. Linecodes less than 100 are used for contacts and boundaries that are described in the orcrests.con file. The NAME item lists the name given to the linear feature. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source for the linear feature. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset). Complete references for the sources are listed in the orcrests.ref file. Related look-up table files are orcrests.con and orcrests.ref. In the orcrests.con INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value less than 100) used to identify type of contact or boundary. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, contact, State boundaries, lines of latitude and longitude used for neatlines). The MODIFIER item lists the line type modifier (that is, approximate, concealed, or gradational). No entry implies 'known.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of contact or boundary (that is, inferred or uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the contact or boundary. >ORCRESTS.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 ORCHGEO# 4 5 B - > 29 ORCHGEO-ID 4 5 B - > 33 LINECODE 2 5 B - > 35 NAME 150 150 C - > 185 SOURCE 2 5 B - > 187 SYMBOL 2 5 B - > >ORCRESTS.CON: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 MODIFIER 20 20 C - > 37 CERTAINTY 15 15 C - > 52 DESC 100 100 C - > >ORCRESTS.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - orxc coverage: Contains geologic cross-section lines In the orxc.aat INFO file, the LINECODE item provides a numeric code used to identify type of linear feature. Linecodes less than 100 are used for contacts and boundaries that are described in the orxc.con file. The NAME item lists the name given to the linear feature. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source for the linear feature. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset). Complete references for the sources are listed in the orxc.ref file. Related look-up table files are orxc.con and orxc.ref. In the orxc.con INFO file, the LINECODE item indicates the numeric code (a value less than 100) used to identify type of contact or boundary. The SYMBOL item lists the line symbol number used by ArcInfo to plot the line (symbol numbers refer to the geol_sfo.lin lineset included with the dataset). The TYPE item lists the major type of line (for example, contact, State boundaries, lines of latitude and longitude used for neatlines). The MODIFIER item lists the line type modifier (that is, approximate, concealed, or gradational). No entry implies 'known.' The CERTAINTY item lists the degree of certainty of contact or boundary (that is, inferred or uncertain). No entry implies 'certain.' The DESC item lists the written description or explanation of the contact or boundary. >ORXC.AAT: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 FNODE# 4 5 B - > 5 TNODE# 4 5 B - > 9 LPOLY# 4 5 B - > 13 RPOLY# 4 5 B - > 17 LENGTH 8 18 F 5 > 25 ORCHGEO# 4 5 B - > 29 ORCHGEO-ID 4 5 B - > 33 LINECODE 2 5 B - > 35 NAME 150 150 C - > 185 SOURCE 2 5 B - > 187 SYMBOL 2 5 B - > >ORXC.CON: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 LINECODE 3 3 I - > 4 SYMBOL 3 3 I - > 7 TYPE 10 10 C - > 17 MODIFIER 20 20 C - > 37 CERTAINTY 15 15 C - > 52 DESC 100 100 C - > >ORXC.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - orc14pts coverage: Contains points recording site-specific observations and measurements of the location of radiocarbon dated samples. In the orc14pts.pat INFO file, the PTTYPE item lists the type of Point symbol (for example, strike and dip of inclined bedding). The SYMBOL item lists the marker symbol used by ArcInfo to identify the type of structural map symbol(symbol numbers refer to the geoscamp2.mrk markerset). The SAMPLENO item contains the sample number/station ID of dated rock samples. The FIELDNO item contains the field number of dated rock samples. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source. In the orc14pts.ref INFO file, the SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source. The SCALE item lists the scale of the source map. (This value is the denominator of the proportional fraction that identifies the scale of the map that was digitized or scanned to produce the digital map.) The AUTHORS item lists the author(s) or compiler(s) of source map entered as last name, first name or initial, and middle initial. The YEAR item lists the source (map) publication date. The REFERENCE item lists the remainder of the reference in USGS reference format. >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 > 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 > 17 ORC14PTS# 4 5 B - > 21 ORC14PTS-ID 4 5 B - > 25 PTTYPE 100 100 C - > 125 SAMPLENO 100 100 C - > 225 FIELDNO 100 100 C - > 325 SYMBOL 2 5 B - > 327 SOURCE 2 5 B - > >ORC14PTS.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - oroslpts coverage: Contains points recording site-specific observations and measurements of the location of optically stimulated luminescence dated sediment. In the oroslpts.pat INFO file, the PTTYPE item lists the type of Point symbol (for example, strike and dip of inclined bedding). The SYMBOL item lists the marker symbol used by ArcInfo to identify the type of structural map symbol(symbol numbers refer to the geoscamp2.mrk markerset). The SAMPLENO item contains the sample number/station ID of dated rock samples. The FIELDNO item contains the field number of dated rock samples. The SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source. In the oroslpts.ref INFO file, the SOURCE item lists the numeric code used to identify the data source. The SCALE item lists the scale of the source map. (This value is the denominator of the proportional fraction that identifies the scale of the map that was digitized or scanned to produce the digital map.) The AUTHORS item lists the author(s) or compiler(s) of source map entered as last name, first name or initial, and middle initial. The YEAR item lists the source (map) publication date. The REFERENCE item lists the remainder of the reference in USGS reference format. >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 AREA 8 18 F 5 > 9 PERIMETER 8 18 F 5 > 17 OROSLPTS# 4 5 B - > 21 OROSLPTS-ID 4 5 B - > 25 PTTYPE 100 100 C - > 125 SAMPLENO 100 100 C - > 225 FIELDNO 100 100 c - > 325 SYMBOL 2 5 B - > 327 SOURCE 2 5 B - > >OROSLPTS.REF: > >COLUMN ITEM NAME WIDTH OUTPUT TYPE N.DEC ALTERNATE NAME > 1 SOURCE 4 4 I - > 5 SCALE 8 8 I - > 13 AUTHORS 200 200 C - > 213 YEAR 4 4 I - > 217 REFERENCE 250 250 C - >Coding of LABEL and DESC attributes in the orchgeo coverage: >LABEL | DESC >af | Artificial fill (latest Holocene) >ihp | Intermittent holding pond >Qa1 | Young alluvium 1 (late Holocene) >Qa2 | Young alluvium 2 (late Holocene) >Qa3 | Young alluvium 3 (Holocene and latest Pleistocene?) >Qaa | Active channel and floodplain alluvium (late Holocene) >Qay | Young alluvium 1 and 2, undivided (late Holocene) >Qba | Mainstream deposits of Broadway Alluvium (late Pleistocene) >Qbs | Sidestream deposits of Broadway Alluvium (late Pleistocene) >Qes | Eolian sand (Holocene) >Qes | Eolian sand, deposits generally thin (Holocene) >Qfc | Fan alluvium and hillslope colluvium (Holocene) >w | Open water >wl | Intermittent wetlands and ponds >Coding of LINECODE and NAME attributes in the orchgeo coverage: >LINECODE | NAME >1 | Contact – Certain >2 | Contact - Approximately located >5 | Boundary of patterned area >41 | Shoreline >43 | Intermittent shoreline >81 | Map boundary >Coding of LINECODE and NAME attributes in the orcrests coverage: >LINECODE | NAME >85 | Dune crest >Coding of LINECODE and NAME attributes in the orxc coverage: >LINECODE | NAME >98 | Cross-section line A-A’ >Coding of PTTYPE attributes in the orc14pts coverage: >PTTYPE >Radiocarbon sample locality >Coding of PTTYPE attributes in the orc14pts coverage: >PTTYPE >Optically stimulated luminescence sample locality Auxiliary files: geol_sfo.lin: This lineset file defines geologic line types in the geologically themed coverages. geoscamp2.mrk: This markerset file defines the geologic markers in the geologically themed coverages. wpgcmykg.shd: This shadeset file defines the cmyk values of colors assigned to polygons in the geologically themed coverages. 3331_map.pdf: A print optimized file for viewing and printing a graphics version of the map and accessory elements using Adobe Acrobat viewing software (version 11.0). (Adobe Acrobat viewing software is free and can be downloaded at the following URL: http://get.adobe.com/reader/ Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://wrgis.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of99-438/ Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: USGS Information Services Address: Box 25286 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-(888)-ASK-USGS Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: http://ask.usgs.gov Resource_Description: Scientific Investigations Map 3331 Distribution_Liability: This database, identified as SIM 3331, has been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer System at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also contains copyrighted material as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ARCE,SHP,GDB Format_Version_Number: 10.2.2 Format_Version_Date: 2014 File_Decompression_Technique: In Windows, use WinZip (http://www.winzip.com/) or other programs to extract the file. Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3331/ Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3331 Fees: none Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 2015 Metadata_Review_Date: 2015 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Theodore Brandt Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: U.S. Geological Survey Address: MS 980, Box 25046 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-236-1901 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998