Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Brian Hynek, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Geologist Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Geologic Map of Meridiani Planum, Mars (SIM 3356) Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3356 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3356 Description: Abstract: The Meridiani region of Mars was originally named due to its proximity to the Martian prime meridian, and it contains a variety of geologic units spanning the Early Noachian to Early Amazonian Epochs. With Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) data, this area was recognized as containing extensive layered deposits, some of which were rich in the mineral hematite. The Opportunity rover landed in Meridiani in early 2004 and, at the time of this writing, is still conducting operations. A variety of water-altered bedrock outcrops have been studied and contain indications of prolonged surface and near-surface fluid/rock interactions. The map region extends from 5 S. to 15 N. in latitude and from 15 W. to 15 E. in longitude. This area covers parts of the following Mars quadrangles: MC-11 (Oxia Palus), MC-12 (Arabia), MC-19 (Margaritifer Sinus), and MC-20 (Sinus Sabaeus). The region of interest is primarily bounded by Arabia Terra to the north and east, Margaritifer Terra to the south, and Iani Chaos and other chaotic terrains to the west. The regional slope trends to the northwest at Purpose: The purpose of this study is to use the more recent orbiter data to place the roverŐs findings in a broader context by assessing the geologic and hydrologic histories of the region. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20070101 Ending_Date: 20160401 Currentness_Reference: Meridiani Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -15.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 15.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 15.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -5.0 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NASA Theme_Keyword: Geology, Structure, Scientific Investigations Map, Contacts, Craters, Nomenclature Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: structure Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Mars, Global, Meridiani Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: Early, Middle, and Late Noachian; Early and Late Hesperian; and Early, Middle, and Late Amazonian Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: please cite authors. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Contact_Person: Brian M. Hynek Contact_Position: Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical City: 3665 Discovery Drive State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 90303 Country: UY Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-735-4312 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: hynek@lasp.colorado.edu Data_Set_Credit: Reference: Hynek, B.M., and Di Achille, G., 2017, Geologic map of Meridiani Planum, Mars: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3356, scale 1:2,000,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3356. Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: none Security_Classification: Unclassified Security_Handling_Description: none Native_Data_Set_Environment: Esri ArcGIS 10.0 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: These data are believed to be logically consistent. Line geometry is topologically clean Logical_Consistency_Report: Map is good at 1:2M scale. Completeness_Report: Geologic layers are horizontally tied to MOLA at a 1:2M scale. MOLA is horizontally accurate to the surface of Mars at 100 meters. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Source_Scale_Denominator: 463 Citation_Information: Publication_Date: 20011025 Title: Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets Issue_Identification: Volume 106, Issue E10 Online_Linkage: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2000JE001364/references Type_of_Source_Media: onLine Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter Experiment summary after the first year of global mapping of Mars Source_Contribution: The MOLA-derived shaded relief image used for the base represents more than 600 million single altimeter measurements gathered between 1999 and 2001, adjusted for consistency and converted to planetary radii values. Using these values, elevations above the areoid were determined from the Martian gravity field solution GMM-2B (Lemoine and others, 2001). The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 m in horizontal position and ~1 m in radius. However, the total elevation uncertainty is at least ±3 m due to the global error in the areoid (±1.8 m) and regional uncertainties in its shape. The measurements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM) using Generic Mapping Tools software, with a resolution of 128 pixels/degree (or 463 m/pixel at the equator). A shaded relief image was generated from the DEM with a sun angle of 45° from horizontal and a sun azimuth of 335°, as measured clockwise from north. The artificially illuminated MOLA DEM serves as the base for the printed geologic map. The printed map scale forms the basis for determining the digital mapping parameters and the minimum size of mappable features, as discussed in the Mapping Methods section. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Source_Scale_Denominator: 100 Citation_Information: Publication_Date: 20021206 Title: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey mission Edition: 1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document Series_Information: Series_Name: Space Science Reviews Issue_Identification: 110 Online_Linkage: http://www.mars.asu.edu/christensen/docs/christensen_themis_ssr.pdf Type_of_Source_Media: onLine Source_Citation_Abbreviation: The Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) for the Mars 2001 Odyssey mission Source_Contribution: The THEMIS daytime and nighttime IR 100 m/pixel global mosaics (version 11; credit: Christensen, P.R., N.S. Gorelick, G.L. Mehall, and K.C. Murray, THEMIS Public Data Releases, Planetary Data System node, Arizona State University, http://themis-data.asu.edu) represent thermal infrared energy emitted in nine wavelength bands, which relate to the temperature and emissivity of the surface (Christensen and others, 2004; Edwards and others, 2011). Process_Step: Process_Description: We used the Esri, Inc. (Redlands, CA) ArcGIS software package to co-register and analyze available datasets. Mercator versions of MOLA and THEMIS IR mapping bases were created in GeoTiff format. Based on map scale (1:2,000,000), linework was digitized at 1:400,000 scale, with an average vertex spacing of 600 m, and exported in ESRI shapefile format using a Mercator projection centered at lon 0° E. and the Mars 2000 sphere (with radius=3,396,190 m) reference system. Individual outcrops were mapped if they were at least 11 km2. Finally, craters were mapped as undivided units when less wide than 20 km including the ejecta blankets. To avoid topological errors and preserve the original shape of the outlined contacts, smoothing operations were only minimally performed on the final GIS linework. Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 908 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 517 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 955 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 474 SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Mars2000Sphere Mercator Clon0 Mercator: Standard_Parallel: 0.0 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 0.0 False_Easting: 0.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.0001 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.0001 Planar_Distance_Units: meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D Mars 2000 Sphere Ellipsoid_Name: Mars 2000 Sphere IAU IAG Semi-major_Axis: 3396190.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 0.0 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: GeologicUnits Entity_Type_Definition: Polygon feature class, geologic unit polygon feature class. Contains a Unit field denoting the short unit decription. Sph_Area_km is the geodesic area of the polygon in km^2 Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: GeologicContacts Entity_Type_Definition: Line feature class, contains a Type field for the geologic contact including symbol types: Certain, Approximate. "Sph_Len_m" is the geodesic length in meters. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: LinearFeatures Entity_Type_Definition: Structural layer. Contains a Type field denoting the structure type. "Sph_Len_m" is the geodesic length in meters. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: USGS Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geologic Survey Contact_Person: USGS Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 25286 Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov Distribution_Liability: None Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3356 Fees: None Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20150917 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Trent Hare Contact_Position: Cartographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: 2255 North Gemini Drive City: Flagstaff State_or_Province: AZ Postal_Code: 86001 Country: US Contact_Voice_Telephone: 928-556-7126 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: thare@usgs.gov Contact_Instructions: please email Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Use_Constraints: None Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None