Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ralph A. Haugerud, U.S. Geological Survey Originator: Ray E. Wells, U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2020 Title: SIM3443.gdb, database for "Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington" Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3443 Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3443 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Ray E. Wells Originator: Ralph A. Haugerud Originator: Alan R. Niem Originator: Wendy A. Niem Originator: Lina Ma Originator: Russell C. Evarts Originator: James E. O'Connor Originator: Ian P. Madin Originator: D.R. Sherrod Originator: Marvin H. Beeson Originator: Terry L. Tolan Originator: Karen L. Wheeler Originator: William B. Hanson Originator: Michael G. Sawlan Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3443 Other_Citation_Details: Suggested citation: Wells, R.E., Haugerud, R.A., Niem, A.R., Niem, W.A., Ma, L., Evarts, R.C., O'Connor, J.E., Madin, I.P., Sherrod, D.R., Beeson, M.H., Tolan, T.L., Wheeler, K.L., Hanson, W.B., and Sawlan, M.G., 2020, Geologic map of the greater Portland metropolitan area and surrounding region, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3443, pamphlet 55 p., 2 sheets, scale 1:63,360, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3443. Online_Linkage: https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3443 Description: Abstract: This geologic map database is a compilation of new geologic mapping since 1989, supported by the USGS in a cooperative effort with the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries and Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources. It consists of 51 quadrangles originally mapped at 1:24,000 scale, including 19 previously unpublished quadrangles. Geologic exposures are sparse in much of the map area as a result of deep weathering, vegetation, and urban development. Windblown, glacially derived silt (loess) mantles much of the terrain south and west of the Columbia River. Most contacts are extrapolated on the basis of topography from limited surface observations and well data. Although geologic mapping was largely completed prior to acquisition of LiDAR topography for the region, 13 quadrangles have been mapped or remapped on LiDAR bases. In addition, the LiDAR-based surficial deposits map by Ma and others (Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 2012) underlies our representation of the southeast part of the metro area. Cartographic and topologic errors in the original source maps have been corrected in this compilation. Although the database retains nearly all of the geologic detail of 1:24,000-scale maps, the 800+ units on the original maps have been correlated and grouped into 118 units for this map. Unit descriptions are modified to include new data and regional variations of the units. Some small polygons representing isolated surficial deposits have been removed from the compiled map. Purpose: The Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro metropolitan area ("metro area") has great scenic, natural, and cultural resources and is the major economic hub of Oregon. The metro area is subject to a variety of geologic hazards. Underthrusting of the oceanic plate along the Cascadia plate boundary fault, or megathrust, deforms the leading edge of North America and produces earthquakes on the megathrust and in the overlying plate. Rising magma from the deeper parts of the subduction zone produces active volcanoes that form the Cascade volcanic arc, including Mount Hood and Mount St Helens visible from Portland. Both volcanism and strong ground-shaking from earthquakes have impacted the metro area, most recently in the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens and the 1993 M 5.7 Scotts Mills earthquake. Great offshore earthquakes up to M 9 on the Cascadia megathrust have shaken the metro area every 500 years or so, most recently in 1700. Giant floods have inundated the metro area, from the ice age Missoula floods about 20,000 to 15,000 years ago to the flood generated by collapse of the Bridge of the Gods landslide dam on the Columbia River around 1421-1447 A.D. Geologic resources of the metro area include the southern part of the Mist Natural Gas Storage Field in the northwest corner of the map area, the Columbia South Shore Well Field aquifer in the Portland Basin, the Columbia River Basalt aquifer of the Tualatin Basin, and the Tualatin Basin Aquifer Storage and Recovery projects. The metro area includes several well-known American Viticultural Areas in the western part of the map area and numerous transportation, electrical transmission, and pipeline corridors. We created this map to provide a uniform, modern geologic database for the greater Portland metro area in order to better understand its tectonic setting, active faults, volcanoes, landslide hazards, and the distribution of geologic materials and resources. Information in this database will be used to improve seismic hazard and resource assessments in this economically important region. Supplemental_Information: SIM3443.gdb is a composite geodataset that conforms to "GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for digital publication of geologic maps", available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/. Metadata records associated with each element within the geodataset contain more detailed descriptions of their purposes, constituent entities, and attributes. Two shapefile versions of the dataset are also available. The OPEN shapefile version consists of shapefiles, DBF files, and delimited text files and retains all information in the native geodatabase, but some programming will likely be necessary to assemble these components into usable formats. The SIMPLE shapefile version consists only of shapefiles and is easily used, but lacks some information present in the native geodatabase. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.375 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.25 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.25 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: geology Theme_Keyword: earthquake hazards Theme_Keyword: landslide hazards Theme_Keyword: water resources Theme_Keyword: natural gas Theme_Keyword: wine Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Common geographic areas Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: Tualatin Place_Keyword: Nehalem River Place_Keyword: Lower Willamette Place_Keyword: Lower Columbia Place_Keyword: Clackamas River Place_Keyword: Portland Place_Keyword: Vancouver Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. Many of the source data were created and edited at a scale of 1:24,000; other parts of the map were created and edited at larger and smaller scales. Visualization at larger scales will not yield greater real detail. Where elements of this database are used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. See metadata (particularly LocationConfidenceMeters) attached to individual features for estimates of the spatial resolution of individual map elements. Please acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Data_Set_Credit: Published in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries and Washington Geological Survey Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.5.0.6491 Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Confidence that a feature exists and confidence that a feature is correctly identified are described in per-feature attributes ExistenceConfidence and IdentityConfidence. Logical_Consistency_Report: Internal logical consistency and completeness of the database were checked with the GeMS_Tools ValidateDatabase script. Table, feature class, and attribute names and formats conform to the GeMS standard. All Type values (in ContactsAndFaults, GeologicLines, and other feature classes) are defined in table Glossary. All _ID values are unique. There are no empty DataSourceID (or DefinitionSourceID, or AnalysisSourceID, or xxSourceID) values, and all such values are defined in table DataSources. All intentionally-null attributes are labeled with (for text attributes) or -9 or -9999 (for numeric attributes); there are no empty string values. MapUnit values in feature class MapUnitPolys correspond with those in defined in DescriptionOfMapUnits and shown in CorrelationOfMapUnits. Completeness_Report: Geologic coverage is complete for area of map. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Estimated accuracy of horizontal location is given on a per-feature basis by attribute LocationConfidenceMeters. Values are expected to be correct within a factor of 2. A LocationConfidenceMeters value of -9 or -9999 indicates that no value has been assigned. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Geologic map of the Amboy quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2885 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2885 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Amboy Source_Contribution: geology of the Amboy 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Matt Anders Publication_Date: 2003 Title: Tualatin valley top-of-CRBG contours compiled by Matt Anders, USGS from well data in Doyle Wilson's PhD dissertation, well data in USGS Water Resources Investigation Report 99-4026, well data downloaded from OWRD website, well data provided by Terrance Conlon, and geologic mapping by R. Wells Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Other_Citation_Details: unpublished Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2003 Source_Currentness_Reference: date of interpretation Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Anders Source_Contribution: contours on top of buried Columbia River Basalt Group in the Tualatin basin Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Geologic map of the Ariel quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2826 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2826/ Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ariel Source_Contribution: geology of the Ariel 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: K.A. Howard Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2010 Title: Unpublished, undated revision by Evarts of Howard, K.A., 2002, Geologic map of the Battle Ground 7.5-minute quadrangle, Clark County, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Modified from https://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/map-mf/mf2395/ which was published in 2002. Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2010 Source_Currentness_Reference: estimated date of revision Source_Citation_Abbreviation: BattleGround Source_Contribution: Geology of the Battle Ground 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: P.A. Dinterman Originator: A.R. Duval Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Preliminary geologic map of the Buxton 7.5' quadrangle, Washington County, Oregon Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2009-1186 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1186/ Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2009 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Buxton Source_Contribution: geology of the Buxton 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Originator: J.E. O'Connor Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Geologic map of the Camas quadrangle, Clark County, Washington and Multnomah County, Oregon Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3017 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3017 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2008 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Camas Source_Contribution: geology of the Camas 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon and Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: M.H. Beeson Originator: T.L. Tolan Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Unpublished USGS contract geologic mapping of Canby quadrangle, Oregon Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1999 Ending_Date: 2001 Source_Currentness_Reference: observed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Canby Source_Contribution: geology of the northern part of the Canby 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon; also a small part of the NW part of the Oregon City 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: K.L. Wheeler Originator: R.E. Wells Originator: J.M. Minervini Originator: J.L. Block Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Geologic map of the Carlton quadrangle, Yamhill County, Oregon Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 2009-1172 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1172/ Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2009 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Carlton Source_Contribution: geology of the Carlton 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2002 Title: Geologic map of the Deer Island quadrangle, Columbia County, Oregon and Cowlitz County, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Issue_Identification: 2392 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2002/2392/ Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2002 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DeerIsland Source_Contribution: geology of the Deer Island 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon and Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: T. Dibblee Publication_Date: 1945 Title: Unpublished field sheets for area of Chapman and Trenholm quadrangles, Oregon Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: manuscript map and field book Other_Citation_Details: From USGS files of Parke Snavely, Jr. Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1945 Source_Currentness_Reference: date of field work Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Dibblee Source_Contribution: field notes from areas in the Trenholm and Chapman 7.5' quadrangles, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: W.P. Roe Originator: I.P. Madin Publication_Date: 2013 Title: 3D geology and shear-wave velocity models of the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open File Report Issue_Identification: O-13-12 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2013 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DOGAMI O-13-12 Source_Contribution: some subsurface data in feature class TopCRBG_ControlPoints Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: L. Ma Originator: I.P. Madin Originator: S. Duplantis Originator: K.J. Williams Publication_Date: 2012 Title: Lidar-based surficial geologic map and database of the greater Portland, Oregon, area, Clackamas, Columbia, Marion, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open File Report Issue_Identification: O-2012-02 Other_Citation_Details: Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud Online_Linkage: http://www.oregongeology.org/pubs/ofr/p-O-12-02.htm Source_Scale_Denominator: 63360 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2012 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DOGAMI_O-12-02 Source_Contribution: geology of the Hillsbor0 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon and of the very SW part of the Gladstone quadrangle, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Federal Geographic Data Committee [prepared for the Federal Geographic Data Committee by the U.S. Geological Survey] Publication_Date: 2006 Title: FGDC Digital Cartographic Standard for Geologic Map Symbolization Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods Issue_Identification: Book 11, Chapter A2 Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/2006/11A02/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: FGDC-STD-013-2006 Source_Contribution: definitions for terms "certain" and "questionable" in table Glossary Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.J. Fleck Originator: J.T. Hagstrum Originator: A.T. Calvert Originator: R.C. Evarts Originator: R.M. Conrey Publication_Date: 2014 Title: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, paleomagnetism, and evolution of the Boring volcanic field, Oregon and Washington, USA Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Other_Citation_Details: Geosphere, v. 10, p. 1283-1314 Online_Linkage: doi:10.1130/GES00985.1 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2014 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Fleck&others2014 Source_Contribution: age data, locations, and interpretations in table BoringLavaAgePoints Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program Publication_Date: 2020 Title: GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for digital publication of geologic maps Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Online_Linkage: https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GeMS Source_Contribution: terms and definitions in table GeoMaterialDict, term "map boundary" in table Glossary, and many entity and attribute definitions within these metadata Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: K.K.E. Neuendorf Originator: J.P. Mehl, Jr. Originator: J.A. Jackson Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Glossary of Geology, fifth edition Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Alexandria, Virginia Publisher: American Geological Institute Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GoG Source_Contribution: definitions for many terms in table Glossary, paraphrased from this source Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: K.K.E. Neuendorf Originator: J.P. Mehl, Jr. Originator: J.A. Jackson Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Glossary of Geology, fifth edition Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Alexandria, Virginia Publisher: American Geological Institute Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: GoG, modified Source_Contribution: definitions for many terms in table Glossary, modified from this source Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.A. Haugerud Publication_Date: 2017 Title: interpretation by R. Haugerud and R. Evarts for this compilation Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: date of interpretation Source_Citation_Abbreviation: H&E Source_Contribution: Reinterpretation at the west edge of the Sauvie Island quadrangle, southeast corner of the Dixie Mountain quadrangle, and northwest corner of the Linnton quadrangle. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Geologic map of the Lacamas Creek quadrangle, Clark County, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2924 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2924 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: LacamasCreek Source_Contribution: geology of the Lacamas Creek 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: L. Ma Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Unpublished revision by L. Ma to correct minor GIS topology errors in Ma, L., Madin, I.P., Duplantis, S., and Williams, K.J., 2012, Lidar-based surficial geologic map and database of the greater Portland, Oregon, area, Clackamas, Columbia, Marion, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open File Report O-2012-02 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2012 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ma2015 Source_Contribution: geology of most of the area south of the Columbia River and east of the Willamette River: all or most of the Portland, Mount Tabor, Gladstone, Damascus, Sandy, Oregon City, Redland, and Estacada 7.5' quadrangles, and parts of the Sherwood, Canby, Lake Oswego, Linnton, and Sauvie Island 5.5' quadrangles Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: S. Mahan Originator: J.E. O'Connor Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Unpublished OSL and IRSL analyses by Shannon Mahan, U.S. Geological Survey Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: assembly of table Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mahan Source_Contribution: Unpublished age data and interpretations in table LuminescenceAgePoints Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2015 Title: National Hydrographic Dataset, geodatabase best resolution for Oregon, file NHDH_OR_931v220.zip Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Downloaded from nhdftp.usgs.gov on 1 August 2015 Online_Linkage: http://nhdftp.usgs.gov Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2015 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NHD Source_Contribution: some waterlines along the Willamette and Columbia rivers Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: A. Niem Originator: W. Niem Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Geologic map of Bacona, Baker Point, Birkenfield, Clear Creek, Pittsburg, and Vernonia quadrangles Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Compiled and simplified by R. Haugerud from unpublished 1:24,000-scale quadrangle maps. Authors of these quadrangle maps are: Bacona--Niem, A.R., Niem, W.A., Houston, R.A., and Hanson, W.B.; Baker Point--Niem, A.R. and Niem, W.A.; Birkenfeld--Niem, A.R., Niem, W.A., and Jason Hinkle; Clear Creek--Niem, A.R., Hanson, W.B., Jason Hinkle, and Niem, W.A.; Pittsburg--Niem, A.R., Niem, W.A., Houston, R.A., Hanson, W.B., Moore, E.J., and Jason Hinkle; Vernonia--Niem, A.R., Niem, W.A., Hanson, W.B., McKnight, B.K., Jason Hinkle, and Moore, E.J. Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: compilation completed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Niem Source_Contribution: geology of the Birkenfeld, Pittsburg, Baker Point, Clear Creek, Vernonia, and Bacona 7.5' quadrangles, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: L. Ma Originator: I.P. Madin Originator: K.V. Olson Originator: R.J. Watzig Originator: R.E. Wells Originator: G.R. Priest Publication_Date: 2009 Title: Oregon geologic data compilation [OGDC], release 5 (statewide) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: http://www.oregongeology.org/ Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2009 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: OGDC-5 Source_Contribution: geology of the Dixie Mountain 7.5' quadrangle and parts of the Linnton, Portland, Lake Oswego, and Oregon City 7.5' quadrangles, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.S. Yeats Originator: E.P. Graven Originator: K.S. Werner Originator: C. Goldfinger Originator: T.A. Popowski Publication_Date: 1996 Title: Tectonics of the Willamette Valley, Oregon, plate 2A, in Assessing earthquake hazards and reducing risk in the Pacific Northwest Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1560/ Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1996 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: PP1560 Source_Contribution: traces of two concealed faults, southern Hillsboro and Linnton quadrangles, and constraints on depth of top of Columbia River Basalt Group within Tualatin basin Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Geologic map of the Ridgefield quadrangle, Clark and Cowlitz Counties, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2844 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2844 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ridgefield Source_Contribution: geology of the Ridgefield 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Originator: J.E. O'Connor Originator: C.M. Cannon Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Geologic map of the Sauvie Island quadrangle, Multnomah and Columbia Counties, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3349 Issue_Identification: 3349 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Online_Linkage: http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3349 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SauvieIsland Source_Contribution: some geology within the Sauvie Island 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon and Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: M.G. Sawlan Publication_Date: 2007 Title: Unpublished field notes by M. Sawlan on Chapman and Trenholm quadrangles, includes sample locations and whole-rock chemical analyses. Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: field map and digital data tables Other_Citation_Details: Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2007 Source_Currentness_Reference: date of field work and sampling Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sawlan Source_Contribution: field notes and geochemical analyses from the Chapman and Trenholm 7.5' quadrangles, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: D. Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Unpublished 1:24,000-scale geologic mapping by D. Sherrod, USGS, of the Sherwood quadrangle, 2004-2005. Also includes sample locations and whole-rock chemical analyses Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 2004 Ending_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: date of field work Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sherwood Source_Contribution: geology of most of the Sherwood 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Originator: J.E. O'Connor Originator: C.M. Cannon Originator: J.F> Mangano Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Unpublished preliminary version of database for (a) Evarts, R.C., O'Connor, J.E., and Cannon, C.M., 2016, Geologic map of the Sauvie Island quadrangle, Multnomah and Columbia Counties, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3349 and (b) O'Connor, J.E., Cannon, C.M., Mangano, J.F., and Evarts, R.C., 2016, Geologic map of the Vancouver and Orchards quadrangles and parts of the Portland and Mount Tabor quadrangles, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3357 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2015 Source_Currentness_Reference: GIS finalized Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SI_V_O Source_Contribution: geology of the Orchards 7.5' quadrangle, most of the Sauvie Island and Vancouver 7.5' quadrangles, and part of the Mount Tabor 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon and Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: T.D. Conlon Originator: K.C. Wozniak Originator: D. Woodcock Originator: N.B. Herrera Originator: B.J. Fisher Originator: D.S. Morgan Originator: K.K. Lee Originator: S.R. Hinkle Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Ground-water hydrology of the Willamette Basin, Oregon, Figure 9 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Report Issue_Identification: 2005-5168 Other_Citation_Details: Top-of-basalt contours hand digitized by Haugerud from georegistered image of Figure 9 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5168 Source_Scale_Denominator: 650000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SIR 2005-5168 Source_Contribution: top-of-Columbia River Basalt Group contours in the northern Willamette basin Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Geologic map of the Saint Helens quadrangle, Columbia County, Oregon, and Cowlitz and Clark Counties, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2834 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2834 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: StHelens Source_Contribution: geology of the Saint Helens 7.5' quadrangle, Oregon and Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.E. Wells Originator: R.A. Haugerud Originator: A.R. Niem Originator: W.A. Niem Originator: L. Ma Originator: R.C. Evarts Originator: I.P. Madin Originator: J.E. O'Connor Originator: D.R. Sherrod Originator: T.l. Tolan Originator: K.L. Wheeler Originator: W.B. Hanson Originator: M.G. Sawlan Publication_Date: 2020 Title: Definitions given in this report without reference to other sources Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2020 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: this report Source_Contribution: some definitions in table Glossary, map-unit descriptions in table DescriptionOfMapUnits, and definitions of some entities and attributes in these metadata Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2015 Title: Map template distributed by USGS Scientific Publications Network: file MapStyleGuide_DMU_print_1sht_v1-1_01-15.pdf Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2015 Source_Currentness_Reference: file timestamp Source_Citation_Abbreviation: USGS SPN Source_Contribution: paragraph styles in table Glossary, referenced in table DescriptionOfMapUnits Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: M.S. Vogel Publication_Date: 2005 Title: Quaternary geology of the lower Lewis River valley, Washington--Influence of volcanogenic sedimentation following Mount St. Helens Eruptions Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: M.S. thesis Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Pullman, Washington Publisher: Washington State University. Other_Citation_Details: Compiled and modified by Charles Cannon (USGS), O'Connor, and Haugerud. Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud. Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2005 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Vogel Source_Contribution: some Quaternary map-unit contacts along the lower Lewis River in the Woodland 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.E. Wells Originator: R.A. Haugerud Publication_Date: 2017 Title: New interpretations for this compilation Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data Other_Citation_Details: Includes minor to extensive revisions at map boundaries, bedrock contacts drawn where small areas of unconsolidated material were omitted, and local extensive reinterpretation. Includes an interpretation of the geology of the Chapman and Trenholm quadrangles based on unpublished field notes by A. Niem, M. Sawlan, and R. Wells. Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: interpretation completed Source_Citation_Abbreviation: W&H Source_Contribution: geologic interpretation of the Trenholm and Chapman 7.5' quadrangles and local re-interpretation of geology--especially at source-map boundaries--throughout the remainder of the mapped area Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Originator: J.E. O'Connor Originator: T.L. Tolan Publication_Date: 2013 Title: Geologic map of the Washougal quadrangle, Clark County, Washington and Multnomah County, Oregon Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 3257 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3257 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2013 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Washougal Source_Contribution: geology of the Washougal quadrangle, Oregon and Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.E. Wells Publication_Date: 2016 Title: Unpublished sample locations and whole-rock chemical analyses from R. Wells Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: field notes and tabular digital data Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2016 Source_Currentness_Reference: date geochem data tables were finalized Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Wells Source_Contribution: sample locations and whole-rock chemical analyses in table GeochemistryPoints Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2004 Title: Geologic map of the Woodland quadrangle, Cowlitz and Clark Counties, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: 2827 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2004/2827 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2004 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Woodland Source_Contribution: geology of the Woodland 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.D. Swanson Originator: W.D. McFarland Originator: J.B. Gonthier Originator: J.M. Wilkinson Publication_Date: 1993 Title: A description of hydrogeologic units in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington. plate 3 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Other_Citation_Details: Hand-digitized from georegistered image of Plate 3 by Haugerud Online_Linkage: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri904196 Source_Scale_Denominator: 100000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1993 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: WRI 90-4196 Source_Contribution: top-of-basalt contours for Portland basin Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.C. Evarts Publication_Date: 2006 Title: Geologic map of the Yacolt quadrangle, Clark County, Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: publication Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/290 Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2006 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Yacolt Source_Contribution: geology of the Yacolt 7.5' quadrangle, Washington Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.E. Wells Originator: P.D. Snavely, Jr. Originator: N.S. Macleod Originator: M.M. Kelly Originator: M.J. Parker Originator: J. Fenton Originator: T. Felger Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Geologic map of the Tillamook Highlands, northwest Oregon Coast Range-a digital database Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report Issue_Identification: 95-670 Other_Citation_Details: Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1995/of95-670/ Source_Scale_Denominator: 48000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1995 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Tillamook Source_Contribution: geology of the Timber, Roaring Creek, Turner Creek, and Fairdale 7.5' quadrangles, Oregon Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R.E. Wells Publication_Date: 2017 Title: Geologic map of the Tualatin Valley area Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Other_Citation_Details: Mapped by R. Wells and assistants and digitized by K. Wheeler, A. Duvall, R. Givler, C. DuRoss, and P. Dinterman. Translated to the GeMS database schema by Haugerud and compiled to a single block by R. Wells and R. Haugerud. A more-complete version of these map data, that contains some small surficial-unit polygons omitted from the compilation map, is included in this report as Tualatin.gdb. Values of LocationConfidenceMeters assigned by Haugerud on basis of source-map scale and symbology. Values of OrientationConfidenceDegrees assigned by Haugerud. Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: Digital and/or Hardcopy Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2017 Source_Currentness_Reference: date of final compilation Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Tualatin Source_Contribution: geology of the Meacham Corner, Gales Creek, Forest Grove, Gaston, Laurelwood, Scholls, Beaverton, Dundee, and Newberg 7.5' quadrangles, Oregon Process_Step: Process_Description: (Note that this process description is idealized; our work was not as linear as depicted here.) 1. Established schematic consistency among source materials. Each source dataset was reworked to a consistent arrangement of features (lines, polygons, points) in feature classes, with similar feature attributes. For lines, we added of Type, IsConcealed, LocConfM, ExConf, and IdConf attributes to supplement the LTYPE (or similar) attribute present in most source databases. For polygons, we added MapUnit and IdConf attributes to supplement the PTYPE (or similar) attribute present in most source databases. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Amboy Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Ariel Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: BattleGround Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Buxton Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Camas Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Canby Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Carlton Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DeerIsland Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DOGAMI_O-12-02 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: LacamasCreek Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Ma2015 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NHD Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Niem Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: OGDC-5 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Ridgefield Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SauvieIsland Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sherwood Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SI_V_O Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: StHelens Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tillamook Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Tualatin Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Yacolt Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Fleck&others2014 Process_Date: 201501 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A. Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 2. Established semantic consistency amongst source materials. This required translation of LTYPE (or similar attributes) into GeMS attributes; for example, LTYPE = "contact, approximate" may have become Type = "contact", LocationConfidenceMeters (estimated location accuracy) = 60, ExistenceConfidence = "certain", IdentityConfidence = "certain", or similar. Values of LocationConfidenceMeters were determined on basis of source material scale, source-map base (lidar? Topo sheet?), compiler's experience, and (in some cases) conversations with the source-map author. Descriptors of fold axes, key beds, and structural measurement points were translated to common sets of Type values. Values of LocationConfidenceMeters and OrientationConfidenceDegrees (estimated accuracy of orientation measurements) were assigned on the basis of source-map scale, source-map feature description, and our experience. Once semantic consistency was established, line and point features from the source materials were loaded into the compilation database. For map-unit polygons, we prepared a composite Description of Map Units table for all source maps by copying and pasting from the source materials. This table (AllDMUs in OtherSources.gdb) has attributes DataSourceID (source map), SourceMapUnit, SourceUnitName, SourceIdConf, SourceDescription, SourceAge, SourceHierarchyKey, and CompilationUnit. Study of this table disclosed (unsurprisingly) numerous natural groupings: young alluvium, Wanapum Basalt, etc. Members of each grouping were assigned a common value of CompilationUnit. Some groupings are less obvious; parts of our compilation stratigraphy reflect extensive discussion and compromise necessary to portray a relatively coherent geologic history and honor the stratigraphic distinctions (and lack of distinctions) in the source materials. Sorting of AllDMUs by CompilationUnit allowed easy comparison of SourceUnitName and SourceDescription to validate correlations. Re-sorting by DataSourceID and SourceHierarchyKey facilitated checking that local stratigraphic superposition was honored. We then assigned DataSourceID values to source-map polygons, loaded source-map polygon feature classes into the compilation database, added a temporary field "DataSourceID-SourceMapUnit" to the compilation MapUnitPolys feature class, calculated values for it, and used it join the compilation feature class to AllDMUs (to which we added a similar temporary field). We then calculated MapUnit = AllDMUs.CompilationUnit. At this point we had a preliminary compilation database with a single set of feature classes that had numerous gaps, overlaps, and mismatches at source-map boundaries and numerous internal contacts, i.e., contacts between polygons with the same value of MapUnit. This database is preserved, in part, in associated geodatabases Tualatin.gdb and OtherSources.gdb. Process_Date: 201502 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A. Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 3. Established topologic consistency within the compilation. The final compilation map reflects substantial editing to resolve gaps, overlaps and mismatches. The edited map is more likely to be correct than the unedited preliminary compilation--as geologic reality is certainly continuous across source-map boundaries--and, being topologically consistent, is more susceptible to various automated analyses. To preserve feature lineage information, mostly we did not edit or extend existing ContactAndFaults lines. Rather, we digitized new line segments and deleted extraneous segments, and then merged adjacent polygons with identical MapUnit values. Our editing was guided by Steno's principles (Original Horizontality, Superposition, Primary Lateral Continuity), topography, and our senses of depositional and deformational style informed by the geologic literature, our experience elsewhere, and our experience in the Portland area. For the Chapman and Trenholm quadrangles, where this map presents a hypothesis elaborated without adequate field work, we drew on sparse field notes from coauthors (Sawlan, A. Niem) and predecessors (Dibblee). Efforts to remove internal contacts by automated means were unsatisfactory and we resorted to hand editing: selection and deletion of such contacts and selection and merging of the polygons they once separated. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Dibblee Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sawlan Process_Date: 201601 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: W&H Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: H&E Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A. Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 4. Much of the map was then edited to remove too-small map-unit polygons, mostly of surficial materials. Locally, we replaced complex linework with simpler linework for presentation at 1:63,360 scale. Process_Date: 201602 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: W&H Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A. Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 5. The edited database was then checked, using the GeMS_Tools TopologyCheck script, for digitizing defects (dangling contact lines, self-overlapping and self-intersecting contact and fault lines, overlapping map-unit polygons, gaps between map-unit polygons, incorrect snapping at line junctions), internal contacts, concealed faults or contacts that separated polygons with different MapUnit values, improbable young faults, and other errors. Many such errors were relict from the source materials; others were introduced in the course of our editing. We remedied errors and rechecked the database until it was judged acceptable. Where our corrections involved re-attribution of line Type (e.g., change from "fault" to "normal fault"), flipping of line direction (to change the downthrown side of a fault), or minor extension of a fault (to eliminate apparent truncation by a contact that is not a younger unconformity), we retained the DataSourceID of the original line source, to reflect the primacy of the geometry established by the source-map authors. We reserved DataSourceID = "W&H" for lines with new geometries. The database still contains a few faults that cross older features without offset and numerous concealed bedrock contacts that are exactly coincident with overlying surficial-unit contacts. Both of these situations are improbable, but where preserved in this map they were present in the source materials. Coincidence of map-unit polygon boundaries with ContactsAndFaults arcs was assured by using the GeMS_Tools MakePolygons script to rebuild MapUnitPolys from the final ContactsAndFaults feature class. Polygon attributes were taken from label points extracted from the prior MapUnitPolys feature class. Process_Date: 201701 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: W&H Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A. Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 6. Contours on the buried top of the Columbia River Basalt Group (feature class IsoValueLines) were assembled from Swanson and others (1993), Conlon and others (2005), and an unpublished interpretation of the Tualatin Basin by Matt Anders (USGS). Anders' interpretation was built on an earlier PhD thesis by D.C. Wilson (1997, Portland State University) and more-recent subsurface data. Outside the Tualatin basin, contours were evidently drawn without regard to likely fault offset; such offsets are only evident as steepening of the surface defined by the top-of-CRBG contours. Within the Tualatin basin we have substantially revised contours to better fit surface geology as depicted on this map, an expanded suite of well data, interpretations by Yeats and others (1996) of proprietary seismic reflection data, and our sense of structural style; and to show offsets at faults. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Anders Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: PP1560 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SIR 2005-5168 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: WRI 90-4196 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DOGAMI O-13-12 Process_Date: 201702 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A. Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 206-553-8350 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 7. Feature class BoringLavaAgePoints was translated from the data tables of Fleck and others (2014). Feature class LuminescenceAgePoints was assembled from data reported by Evarts and others (2013, 2016) and unpublished analyses by Shannon Mahan (USGS). Previously unpublished chemical analyses of volcanic rocks--mostly Columbia River Basalt Group--were assembled from several sources into feature class GeochemistryPoints. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Fleck&others2014 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: SauvieIsland Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Washougal Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Wells Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Mahan Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sawlan Process_Date: 201703 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A. Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 206-553-8350 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: 8. Internal logical consistency and completeness of the database were then checked with the GeMS_Tools ValidateDatabase script. Table, feature class, and attribute names and formats conform to the GeMS standard. All Type values (in ContactsAndFaults, GeologicLines, and other feature classes) are defined in table Glossary. All _ID values are unique. There are no empty DataSourceID (or DefinitionSourceID, or AnalysisSourceID, or xxSourceID) values, and all such values are defined in table DataSources. All intentionally-null attributes are labeled with (for text attributes) or -9 or -9999 (for numeric attributes); there are no empty string values. MapUnit values in feature class MapUnitPolys correspond with those in defined in DescriptionOfMapUnits and shown in CorrelationOfMapUnits. Process_Date: 201704 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A .Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 206-553-8350 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Lambert Conformal Conic Lambert_Conformal_Conic: Standard_Parallel: 43.0 Standard_Parallel: 45.5 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -120.5 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 41.75 False_Easting: 1312335.958005249 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.6096 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.6096 Planar_Distance_Units: International feet Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: NAD83_High_Accuracy_Reference_Network Ellipsoid_Name: GRS_1980 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222101 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Database SIM3443.gdb contains the following elements: non-spatial tables DataSources (43 rows), DescriptionOfMapUnits (139 rows), Glossary (56 rows), GeoMaterialDict (101 rows), and MiscellaneousMapInformation (14 rows); feature dataset GeologicMap which contains feature classes BoringLavaAgePoints (147 features), ContactsAndFaults (26381 features), GeochemistryPoints (342 features), GeologicLines (702 features), IsoValueLines (365 features), LuminescenceAgePoints (23 features), MapUnitPolys (10337 features), MapUnitPolys_label_100kAnno (2228 features), OrientationPointLabels (3030 features), class OrientationPointLabelsAnno (1365 features), OrientationPoints (3174 features), and TopCRBG_ControlPoints (1950 features); feature dataset Cartography which contains feature classes ContourAnnoMask (156 features), FaultLines2 (3101 features), FaultOrnaments2 (750 features), NamedFaults (132 features), NamedFaultsAnno (59 features), NamedFolds (19 features), NamedFoldsAnno (11 features), TopCRBGContours (180 features), and TopCRBGContoursAnno (175 features); and feature dataset CorrelationOfMapUnits which contains feature classes CMUMapUnitPolys (117 features), CMULines (17 features), CMUPoints (19 features), CMUNumericAgeAnno (19 features), and CMUAnno (18 features). Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: Detailed descriptions of entities, attributes, and attribute values are given in metadata for constituent elements of the database. See also "GeMS (Geologic Map Schema)--a standard format for digital publication of geologic maps", available at http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Info/standards/GeMS/. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: USGS Store Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286 Address: Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-275-8747 Distribution_Liability: Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: Digital Data Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://doi.org/10.133/sim3443 Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 2020 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Ralph A Haugerud Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, PACIFIC REGION Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: University of Washington, Box 351310 City: Seattle State_or_Province: WA Postal_Code: 98195 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-713-7453 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rhaugerud@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time