U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5090
Vertical Distribution of Trace-Element Concentrations and Occurrence of Metallurgical Slag Particles in Accumulated Bed Sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, September 2002
References Cited
Arbogast, B.F. (ed.), 1996, Analytical methods manual for the Mineral Resource Surveys Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-525, 248 p.
Bortleson, G.C., Cox, S.E., Munn, M.D., Schumaker, R.J., Block, E.K., Bucy, L.R., and Cornelius, S.B., 1994, Sediment-quality assessment of Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upstream reach of the Columbia River, Washington, 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-315, 130 p.
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, 1976, Kootenay Air and Water Quality Study Phase I: Water Quality in the Lower Columbia River Basin, Victoria, British Columbia, 234 p.
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, 1979, Kootenay Air and Water Quality Study Phase II: Water Quality in the Lower Columbia River Basin, Victoria, British Columbia, 238 p.
Chao, T.T., and Zhou, Liyi, 1983, Extraction techniques for selective dissolution of amorphous iron oxides from soils and sediments: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 47, no. 2, p. 225-232.
Charles, M.J., and Hites, R.A., 1987, Sediments as archives of environmental pollution trends: In Hites, R.A. and Eisenreich, S.J., eds., Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants, Advances in Chemistry Series Number 216: Washington, DC, American Chemical Society, p. 365-389.
Colville Confederated Tribes, 2003, Sediment cleanup levels for the protection of human health and sediment dwelling organism: Nespelum, Washington, Colville Confederated Tribes, in Colville Tribe Hazardous Substances Control Act, Appendix C, p. 25-28.
Commeau, J.A., Poppe, L.J., and Commeau, R.J., 1992, Separation and identification of the silt-sized heavy-mineral fraction of sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1071, 13 p.
Cominco, 1991, Slag disposal options: environmental and engineering studies: Trail Operations-Cominco Metals, Trail, British Columbia, 24 p., with 3 appendixes.
Cominco, 1992, Cominco Trail Operations Environment Report: Trail Operations-Cominco Metals, Trail, British Columbia, 24 p.
Cominco, 2001, Trail operations environmental performance review of the new KIVCET lead smelter and elimination of slag discharge: Assessment of Columbia River receiving waters, Summary: Trail Operations-Cominco Metals, Trail, British Columbia, 11 p.
Crusius, John, and Anderson, R.F., 1995, Sediment focusing in six small lakes inferred from radionuclide profiles: Journal of Paleolimnology, v. 13, p. 143-155.
Derewetzky, R.F., Funk, W.H., and Juul, S.T.J., 1994, Lake Franklin D. Roosevelt: Water Quality Retrospective Analysis: State of Washington Water Research Center-Washington State University, Report 90, Pullman, Washington, p. 152.
Eggleton, R.A., Foudoulis, Chris, and Varkevisser, Dane, 1987, Weathering of basalt: Changes in Rock Chemistry and Mineralogy: Clays and Clay Minerals, v. 35, no. 3, p. 161-169.
Ettler, Vojtech, Legendre, Olivier, Bodenan, and Touray, Jean-Claude, 2001, Primary phases and natural weathering of old lead-zinc pyrometallurgical slag from Czech Republic: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 39, p. 873-888.
Friedman, Irving, Smith, R.L., and Long, W.D., 1966, Hydration of natural glass and the formation of perlite: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, p. 323-328.
G3 Consulting, Ltd., 2001, Assessment of Columbia River receiving waters, Final Report: Prepared for Teck Cominco Metals, Ltd., Trail Operations, by G3 Consulting, Ltd., Burnaby, British Columbia, 183 p.
Grosbois, C.A., Horowitz, A.J., Smith, J.J., and Elrick, K.A., 2001, The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part III. Downstream effects: the Spokane River Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, no. 5, p. 855-875.
Horowitz, A.J., Elrick, K.A., and Cook, R.B., 1993, Effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Lake Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, USA. Part I. Surface sediments: Hydrological Processes, v. 7, p. 403-423.
Johnson, A.J., Norton, Dale, Yake, W., and Twiss, S., 1988 [1989], An assessment of metals contamination in Lake Roosevelt: Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington, 71 p.
Johnson, A., Norton, Dale, Yake, W., and Twiss, S., 1990, Transboundary metal pollution of the Columbia River (Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake): Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 45, 7 p. 703-710.
Jones, F.O., Embody, D.R., Peterson, W.L., and Hazelwood, R.M., 1961, Landslides along the Columbia River valley, northeastern Washington, with a section on seismic surveys: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 367, 98 p.
Kelly, V.J., Hooper, R.P., Aulenbach, B.T., and Janet, Mary, 2001, Concentrations and annual fluxes for selected water-quality constituents from the USGS National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN), 1996-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4255 URL: http://water.usgs.gov/nasqan/progdocs/wri014255/results/data/sed.dat, accessed March 2004.
Kiver, E.P., and Stradling, D.R., 1995, Geology of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Reservoir Shoreline: Glacial geology, terraces, landslides, and lineaments: Grand Coulee, Washington, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Region, 147 p.
Levinson, A.A., 1974, Introduction to exploration geochemistry: Calgary, Canada, Applied Publishing, Ltd., 612 p.
Lowe, T.P., May, T.W., Brumbaugh, W.G., and Kane, D.A., 1985, National contaminant biomonitoring program—Concentrations of seven elements in freshwater fish, 1978-1981: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 14, p. 363-388.
Lottermoser, B.G., 2002, Mobilization of heavy metals from historical smelting slag dumps, north Queensland, Australia:Mineralogical Magazine, v. 66, p. 475-490.
Lydon, J.W., 2000, A synopsis of the current understanding of the geological environment of the Sullivan Deposit, in J.W. Lydon, Hoy, T., Slack, J.F., and Knapp, M.E. [eds.], Geological Environment of the Sullivan Deposit, British Columbia, Chapter 3: Geologic Association of Canada Mineral Deposits Division Special Publication No. 1, p. 12-31.
MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., and Berger, T.A., 2000, Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment-quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems: Archive of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, p. 20-31.
Majewski, M.S., Kahle, S.C., Ebbert, J.C., and Josberger, E.G., 2003, Concentrations and distribution of slag-related trace elements and mercury in fine-grained beach and bed sediments of Lake Roosevelt, Washington, April-May, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4170, 29 p.
Mills, J.W., 1977, Zinc and lead ore deposits in carbonate rocks, Stevens County, Washington: Washington State Department of Natural Resources-Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Olympia, WA Bulletin 70, 171 p.
Morganstein, M.E., Wicket, C.L., and Barkatt, Aaron, 1999, Considerations of hydration-rind dating of glass artifacts: Alteration morpholodies and experimental evidence of hydrogeochemical soil-zone pore water control: Journal of Archaeological Science, v. 26, p. 1193-1210.
Munn, M.D., 2000, Contaminant trends in sport fish from Lake Roosevelt and the upper Columbia River, Washington, 1994-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4024, 12 p.
Munn, M.D., Cox, S.E., and Dean, C.J., 1995, Concentrations of mercury and other trace elements in walleye, smallmouth bass, and rainbow trout in Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake and the upper Columbia River, Washington, 1994: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-195, 35 p.
Nener, Jennifer, 1992, Survival and water-quality results of bioassays on five species of aquatic organisms exposed to slag from Cominco's Trail operation: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 20 p. plus tables and appendixes.
NORECOL Environmental Consultants Ltd,, 1989, Statistical analysis of metal levels in fish of the Columbia River near the International Boundary, 1980 to 1988: NORECOL Environmental Consultants Ltd,, Vancouver, British Columbia, p. 30.
Orlob, G.T., and Saxton, W.W., 1950, Mining and mill waste pollution in the Upper Columbia River Basin and Lake Roosevelt: Washington Pollution Control Commission, Olympia, 12 p.
Parsons, M.B., Bird, D.K., Einaudi, M.T., Alpers, C.N., 2001, Geochemical and mineralogical controls of trace element release from the Penn Milebase-metal slag dump, California: Applied Geochemistry, v. 16, p. 1567-1593.
Piatak, N.M., Seal, R.R., and Hammarstorm, J.M., 2004, Mineralogical and geochemical controls on the release of trace elements from slag produced by base- and precious-metal smelting at abandon mine sites: Applied Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 1039-1064.
Reyes, Julito, Goodarzi, Fari, Sanei, Hamed, Hilts, Steven, and Duncan, W.F., 2004, Concentrations of elements in the stream sediments of Trail, B.C. and surrounding area and the Natural Background Concentrations: Geological Survey of Canada, Environmental Study Group, Calgary Alberta, 58 p.
Ritchie, J.C., and McHenry, J.R., 1990, Application of radioactive cesium-137 for measuring soil erosion and sediment accumulation rates and patterns: A review: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 19, p. 215-233.
Rose, A.W., Hawkes, H.E., and Webb, J.S., 1979, Geochemistry in mineral exploration: London, Academic Press Ltd., 2nd edition, 657 p.
Shacklette, H.T., and Boerngen, J.G., 1984, Element concentrations in soils and other surficial materials of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1270, 105 p.
Sheehan, S. W., and Lamb, M, 1987, Water Chemistry of the Columbia and Pend d'Oreille Rivers near the International Border: Environment Canada, Inland Waters and Lands, Pacific and Yukon Region, Vancouver, British Columbia, 312 p.
Sigma Engineering Ltd., 1987, Statistical analysis of water chemistry data from the Columbia and Pend D'Oreille Rivers: Vancouver, British Columbia, Environment Canada, Inland Water Directorate, Water Quality Branch, Report E5496, 30 p. with 5 appendixes
Smith, A.L., 1987, Levels of metals and metallothionein in fish of the Columbia River near the international boundary: Environment Canada & British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria, British Columbia 133 p.
Teck-Cominco, 2002, Annual Information Form: March 1, 2002: Vancouver, British Columbia, Teck Cominco Limited, 19 p. http://www.teckcominco.com/investors/reports/aif-circ/tc-aif-01.pdf, accessed December 2003.
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 2001, Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake—2001 Landslide Inspection Report, Grand Coulee Power Office: Grand Coulee, Washington, 40 p.
U.S. Department of Energy-Nevada Operations Office, December 2000, United States Nuclear Test July 1945 through September 1992: DOS/NV—209-REV115, 189 p.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, Upper Columbia River/Lake Roosevelt river mile 597 to 745—Preliminary assessment report, Washington: TDD: 99-10-0002, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team, variously paginated.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2003, Upper Columbia River Expanded Site Investigation Report, northeast Washington: TDD: 01-02-0028, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Technical Assessment and Response Team, variously paginated.
Van Metre, P.C., Callender, E., and Fuller, C.C., 1997, Historical trends in organochlorine compounds in river basins identified using sediment cores from reservoirs: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 31, no. 8, p. 2339-2344.
Washington State Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Resources: The geology of Washington-Okanogan Highland, http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology/okanogan.htm, accessed November 2003.
For more information about USGS activities in Washington, visit the USGS Washington District home page .
