By Catherine A. Ruhl and James B. DeRose
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5172
Sacramento, California 2004
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The Sacramento River at Freeport is a tidally affected channel approximately
620 feet wide located at the northern boundary of the Sacramento—San Joaquin River Delta, California. In
1978, an acoustic velocity meter was installed at Freeport to monitor the flow. The acoustic velocity meter
was calibrated successfully and has been used continuously since that time. Although the calibration has
been extremely stable, an increasing number of maintenance problems prompted a search for alternatives to
monitor discharge at this location. Two sideward-looking acoustic Doppler velocity meters were tested in a
pilot study from 2002-2004: a short-range system and a long-range system. The pilot study was conducted
over a wide range of hydrologic conditions and both sideward-l-ooking acoustic Doppler velocity meters have
performed well at this location and have been calibrated successfully. As of February 2004, the short-range
system had a robust calibration and a higher data-recovery rate, therefore, it was selected as the primary
replacement of the acoustic velocity meter, with the long-range system providing real-time data redundancy
to minimize data loss.
Executive Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Acknowledgments
Principles of Operation of Acoustic Flow-Monitoring Systems
Acoustic Velocity Meter
Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter
Calculation of Discharge
Equipment Configuration
Acoustic Velocity Meter
Short-Range Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter
Long-Range Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter
Downward-Looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
Proof-of-Concept Study
Calibrations
Area Calibration
Velocity Calibration
Acoustic Velocity Meter
Short-Range Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter
Long-Range Acoustic Doppler Velocity Meter
Outfall Building Datalogger Programming and Error-Checking Algorithm
Data Transmission
Cellular Digital Packet Data
Radio Signal
Results
Conclusions
References
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