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Fecal-Indicator Bacteria in the Newfound Creek Watershed, Western North Carolina, During a High and Low Streamflow Condition, 2003

Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5257
By Elise M. Giddings and Carolyn J. Oblinger


FIGURES

  1. Map showing locations of study sites in the Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina
  2. Map showing land cover in the Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina
  3. Hydrograph showing mean daily streamflow at Newfound Creek near Alexander, North Carolina (site 1), from May 1 to December 1, 2003
  4. Hydrograph showing streamflow discharge during a storm on November 19, 2003, at U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging station on Newfound Creek near Alexander at Jenkins Valley Road, North Carolina (site 1)
  5. Graph showing E. coli densities during (A) low flow (May 28, 2003) and (B) high flow (November 19, 2003) at Newfound Creek and tributary sites, North Carolina
  6. Graph showing the transport of E. coli bacteria in the Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina, during low-flow and high-flow conditions
  7. Graph showing the relation of E. coli and fecal coliform density in the Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina
  8. Graph showing the density of E. coli in bed-sediment samples from Newfound Creek, North Carolina

TABLES

  1. Water-quality data-collection sites in the Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina
  2. Physical properties of water collected at low flow on May 28, 2003, and high flow on November 19, 2003, from sites on Newfound Creek, North Carolina
  3. Fecal-indicator bacteria densities and stream discharge collected at low flow on May 28, 2003, and high flow on November 19, 2003, in Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina
  4. Total transport of E. coli at low flow and high flow from sites in the Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina
  5. Fecal coliform data collected at comparative sites in the Newfound Creek watershed by the U.S. Geological Survey and Buncombe County Soil and Water Conservation District in 2003
  6. Results of coliphage virus analysis (serotyping) of water samples collected at low flow on May 28, 2003, and at high flow on November 19, 2003, from the Newfound Creek watershed, North Carolina

CONVERSION FACTORS, DEFINITIONS, AND DATUM

Inch/Pound to SI

Flow rate
foot per second (ft/s) 0.3048 meter per second (m/s)
million gallons per day (Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic meter per second (m3/s)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) as follows:

°F = (1.8 × °C) + 32

Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88).

Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).

Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm at 25 °C).

Except for measurements of streamflow, values given in this report are in metric units, which can be converted to standard international units by using the following conversion factors:

SI to Inch/Pound

Length
centimeter (cm) 0.3937 inch (in.)
kilometer (km) 0.6214 mile (mi)
Area
square kilometer (km2) 0.3861 sqare mile (mi2)
Volume
liter (L) 33.82 ounce, fluid (fl. oz)
Mass
gram (g) 0.03527 ounce, avoirdupois (oz)

Abbreviations and Acronyms:

CFU/100 mL colony-forming units per 100 milliliters
CFU/GDW colony-forming units per gram of dry weight
E. coli Escherichia coli
F+RNA male-specific RNA coliphage
NC North Carolina
NCDENR–DWQ North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality
NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
PFU/L plaque-forming units per liter
SWCD Soil and Water Conservation District
USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
USGS U.S. Geological Survey
VWIN Volunteer Water Information Network

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