Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5227

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5227

Compilation of Information for Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer, Washington and Idaho

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Selected References

Adema, G.W., 1999, Bedrock depth and morphology of the Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho: Moscow, University of Idaho, M.S. thesis, 67 p.

Adema, G.W., Sprenke, K.F., and Breckenridge, R.M., 1998, Bed morphology of the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer from a detailed gravity survey [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts and Programs, v. 30, no. 6, 1 p.

Ader, M.J., 1996, Hydrogeology of the Green Bluff plateau, Spokane County, Washington: Washington Department of Ecology Open File Technical Report 96-3, 1 v.

Allen, J.E., and Burns, Marjorie, 1986, Cataclysms on the Columbia: Portland, Oregon, Timber Press, Inc., 213 p.

Anderson, A.L., 1927, Some Miocene and Pleistocene drainage changes in Northern Idaho: Moscow, University of Idaho, Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Pamphlet 18, 29 p.

Anderson, A.L., 1940, Geology and metalliferous deposits of Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Pamphlet P-53, 31 p.

Anderson, K.E., 1951, Geology and ground-water resources of the Rathdrum Prairie project and contiguous area, Idaho-Washington: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Kalispell Planning Office, 39 p., 3 pls.

Andres, G.E., and Harrar, W.G., 1992, Groundwater modeling at the Colbert superfund site, Washington [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 5, p. 3.

Atwater, B.F., 1986, Pleistocene glacial-lake deposits of the Sanpoil River Valley, northeastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1661, 39 p.

Avista Corp., 2002, Initial information package for the FERC relicensing of the Spokane River hydroelectric project, FERC Project No. 2545: Spokane, Washington, Avista Corp., 72 p.

Baker, V.R., 1973, Paleohydrology and sedimentology of Lake Missoula flooding in eastern Washington: Geological Society of America Special Paper 144, 79 p.

Baldwin, J. and Owsley, D., 2005, The Ramsey Channel of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer: Idaho Department of Environmental Quality Technical Ground Water Report No. 26, 23 p.

Bashore, H.W., 1932, Rathdrum Prairie project, Idaho: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 31 p.

Bauer, H.H., and Vaccaro, J.J., 1987, Documentation of a deep percolation model for estimating ground-water recharge—A contribution of the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-536, 180 p.

Beard, L.D., 1992, Design and construction of deep groundwater monitoring wells, in Nielsen, D.M., and Sara, M.N., eds., Current practices in ground water and vadose zone investigations: American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publication 1118, p. 256-269.

Bechtel Environmental, Inc., 1992, Feasibility study report for the former General Electric facility, Spokane, Washington, for General Electric Company: variously paginated.

Beckwith, M.A., 1998, Concepts for monitoring water quality in the Spokane River basin, northern Idaho and eastern Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-534, 25 p.

Beckwith, M.A., 2003, Summary of surface-water-quality data collected for the Northern Rockies Intermontane Basins National Water-Quality Assessment Program in the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River Basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, water years 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-472, 47 p.

Bellatty, J.M., 1987, Land use activities contributing to cultural eutrophication of Spirit Lake, Idaho: Moscow, University of Idaho, M.S. thesis, 178 p.

Berenbrock, Charles, Bassick, M.D., Rogers, T.L., and Garcia, S.P., 1995, Depth to water, 1991, in the Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho; Spokane River valley, Washington; Moscow-Lewiston-Grangeville area, Idaho; and selected intermontane valleys, east-central Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4087, 2 sheets.

Blaney, H.F., and Criddle, W.D., 1962, Determining consumptive use and irrigation water requirements: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin 1275, 59 p.

Boese, R.M., 1996, Aquifer delineation and baseline groundwater quality investigation of a portion of north Spokane County, Washington: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, M.S. thesis, 224 p.

Boese, R.M., and Buchanan, J.P., 1996, Aquifer delineation and baseline groundwater quality investigation of a portion of north Spokane County, Washington: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, 116 p.

Boleneus, D.E., and Derkey, R.E., 1996, Geohydrology of Peone Prairie, Spokane County, Washington: Washington Geology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 30-39.

Bolke, E.L., and Vaccaro, J.J., 1979, Selected hydrologic data for Spokane Valley, Spokane, Washington, 1977-78: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-333, 98 p., 1 pl.

Bolke, E.L., and Vaccaro, J.J., 1981, Digital-model simulation of the hydrologic flow system, with emphasis on ground water, in the Spokane Valley, Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-1300, 43 p.

Bowers, C.L., Caldwell, R.R., and Dutton, D.M., 2003, Water-quality, streambed-sediment, and biologic data from the Clark Fork-Pend Oreille and Spokane River basins, Montana, Idaho, and Washington, 1998-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-292, 203 p.

Box, S.E., and Wallis, J.C., 2002, Surficial geology along the Spokane River, Washington and its relationship to the metal content of sediments (Idaho−Washington stateline to Latah Creek confluence): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-126, accessed January 2005 at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of02-126/.

Breckenridge, R.M., and Othberg, K.L., 1998a, Surficial geologic map of the Post Falls quadrangle and part of the Liberty Lake quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Surficial Geology Map 5, scale 1:24,000.

Breckenridge, R.M., and Othberg, K.L., 1998b, Surficial geologic map of the Rathdrum quadrangle and part of the Newman Lake quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Surficial Geology Map 6, scale 1:24,000.

Breckenridge, R.M., and Othberg, K.L., 1999a, Surficial geologic map of the Hayden quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Surficial Geology Map 8, scale 1:24,000.

Breckenridge, R.M., and Othberg, K.L., 1999b, Surficial geologic map of the Coeur d’Alene quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Surficial Geology Map 7, scale 1:24,000.

Breckenridge, R.M., and Othberg, K.L., 2000, Surficial geologic map of the Hayden Lake quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Surficial Geology Map 9, scale 1:24,000.

Breckenridge, R.M., and Othberg, K.L., 2001, Field trip guide—Glacial Lake Missoula flood deposits and related features of the Rathdrum Prairie: Northwest Geology, v. 30, p. 62-66.

Breckenridge, R.M., and Othberg, K.L., 2004, Surficial geologic map of the Fernan Lake quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Digital Web Map 31, scale 1:24,000.

Breckenridge, R.M., Othberg, K.L., Welhan, J.H., Knowles, C.R., and McDaniel, P.A., 1997, Geologic characteristics of the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho [abs.], in Inland Northwest Water Resources Conference, program and abstracts: Inland Northwest Water Resources Conference, Spokane, Wash., April 28-29, 1997, 1 p.

Bretz, JH., 1923, Glacial drainage on the Columbia Plateau: Geological Society of America Bulletin 34, p. 573-608.

Bretz, JH., 1924, The age of the Spokane glaciation: American Journal of Science, 5th Ser., 8, p. 336-342.

Bretz, JH., 1930, Lake Missoula and the Spokane floods [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 41, p. 92-93.

Bretz, JH., 1959, Washington’s channeled scabland: Washington Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 45, 57 p.

Bretz, JH., 1969, The Lake Missoula floods and the channeled scabland: Journal of Geology, v. 77, no. 5, p. 505-543.

Briar, D.W., Lawlor, S.M., Stone, M.A.J., Parliman, D.J., Schaefer, J.L., and Kendy, Eloise, 1996, Ground-water levels in the intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-738-B, 1 sheet, scale 1:750,000.

Broom, H.C., 1951, Gaging station records in Spokane River basin, Washington, from Post Falls, Idaho, to Long Lake, Washington, including Little Spokane River, water years 1948 to 1950: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 29 p.

Browne, J.L., 2000a, Geologic map of the Fernan Lake quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Technical Report T-002, scale, 1:24,000.

Browne, J.L., 2000b, Preliminary geologic map of the Hayden Lake quadrangle, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Technical Report T-001, scale 1:24,000.

Buchanan, J.P., 1995, The Rathdrum Prairie-Spokane Valley aquifer connection—How much ground water is crossing the state line (does anybody really know)? [abs.], in Washington Department of Ecology, abstracts from the 1st symposium on the hydrogeology of Washington State: Washington State Department of Ecology, p 50.

Buchanan, J.P., 1998, Ground water and surface water hydrology of the Sullivan Road gravel pit, Spokane, Washington: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, 40 p.

Buchanan, J.P., 1999a, Ground water flow simulation in the vicinity of the proposed Burlington Northern and Santa Fe railway fueling site, Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho: Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company, 5 p.

Buchanan, J.P., 1999b, Evaluation of proposed municipal well sites for the city of Coeur d’Alene, Idaho with emphasis on potential TCE contamination: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, 11 p.

Buchanan, J.P., 2000, Unified groundwater flow model of the Rathdrum Prairie-Spokane Valley aquifer system: Prepared for Water Quality Management Program, Spokane County Public Works and Idaho Division of Environmental Quality: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, 23 p.

Buchanan, J.P., and McMillan, K., 1997, Investigation of the Hangman Valley aquifer and its continuity with the “lower” Spokane aquifer—Seismic reflection profiling and groundwater flow estimates [abs.], in Inland Northwest Water Resources Conference, program and abstracts: Inland Northwest Water Resources Conference, Spokane, Wash., April 28-29, 1997, 1 p.

Buchanan, J.P., and Olness, I.A., 1993, Groundwater flow model of the Spokane Valley portion of the Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie aquifer system: Spokane County Engineers contract report, prepared for SCE, Water Quality Management Program: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, 98 p.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1950, Irrigation water requirements, seepage losses and return flows, Rathdrum Prairie project, Spokane River basin, Idaho-Washington: Boise, Bureau of Reclamation, Hydrologic Studies Office, Region I, December 20, 1950, variously paginated, 12 figs.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1952, Notes from Rathdrum Prairie project, Idaho, Prairie Division: Boise, Proposed report of the Regional Director, Region I, October 1952, 28 p.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1954, Rathdrum Prairie project, Idaho, Prairie Division: Boise, Bureau of Reclamation, Report of the Regional Director, variously paginated.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1955, Rathdrum Prairie project, Idaho, Hayden Lake Unit: Boise, Bureau of Reclamation, Report of the Regional Director, 47 p.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1956, Spokane Valley project, Washington−Water supply and requirements appendix to Regional Director’s Report: Spokane, Upper Columbia Development Area, January 1956, 110 p.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1963, Spokane Valley Project−Definite plan report, appendix B, water supply and requirements: Bureau of Reclamation, May 1963.

Bureau of Reclamation, 1966, Rathdrum Prairie project, Idaho, East Greenacres Unit: Boise, Bureau of Reclamation, variously paginated.

Butler, J.J., Jr., and Zhan, Xiaoyong, 2004, Hydraulic tests in highly permeable aquifers: Water Resources Research, v. 40, no. 12, W12402, 12 p.

Cady, J.W., and Meyer, R.R., 1976a, Principal facts for gravity stations in the Okanogan, Sandpoint, Ritzville, and Spokane 1 degree × 2 degree quadrangles, northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-290, 57 p.

Cady, J.W., and Meyer, R.R., 1976b, Bouguer gravity anomaly map of the Okanogan, Sandpoint, Ritzville, and Spokane 1 degree × 2 degree quadrangles, northeastern Washington and northern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Geophysical Investigation Map GP-914, scale 1:250,000.

Caldwell, R.R., and Bowers, C.L., 2003, Surface-water/ground-water interaction of the Spokane River and the Spokane Valley/Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Idaho and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4239, 60 p. Available at http://id.water.usgs.gov/PDF/wri034239/wri034239.pdf).

Caldwell, R.R., Bowers, C.L., and Dutton, D.M., 2004, Ground-water quality of selected basin-fill aquifers of the northern Rockies intermontane basins in Montana, Idaho, and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5052, 50 p.

Campbell, A.M., (2005), Ground-water levels in the Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Spokane County Washington, and Bonner and Kootenai Counties, Idaho, September, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 2905, 1 sheet.

Chapman, O.L., 1947, Rathdrum Prairie project, Hayden Lake unit, Idaho−Letter from the Under Secretary of the Interior transmitting report and findings on the Hayden Lake unit of the Rathdrum Prairie project, Idaho: 80th U.S. Congress, 1st Session, House Document no. 392, 35 p.

CH2M HILL, 1988, Final report, remedial investigation, north landfill, Spokane, Washington: CH2M Hill report for the city of Spokane, variously paginated.

CH2M HILL, 1993, Technical memorandum, pilot extraction test, north landfill, Spokane, Washington: CH2M Hill report for the city of Spokane, variously paginated.

CH2M HILL, 1994, City of Spokane wellhead protection program, Spokane Valley aquifer conceptual model, CH2M Hill report for city of Spokane Planning and Engineering Services, variously paginated.

CH2M HILL, 1995, Final post-closure groundwater monitoring plan, north landfill, Spokane, Washington: CH2M Hill report for the city of Spokane, variously paginated.

CH2M HILL, 1998, City of Spokane wellhead protection program phase I-Technical assessment: CH2M Hill report for the City of Spokane Wellhead Protection Program, 2 vols., variously paged, 12 appendixes.

CH2M HILL, 2000a, Spokane aquifer joint board wellhead protection program, management plan and report appendix: CH2M Hill report for the Spokane Aquifer Joint Board, 3 vols., variously paged, 24 appendixes.

CH2M HILL, 2000b, City of Spokane wellhead protection program phase II-Implementation: CH2M HILL report for the City of Spokane Wellhead Protection Program, November 2000, 29 p., 8 appendices.

Clark, D.W., and Dutton, D.M., 1996, Quality of ground water and surface water in intermontane basins of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-738-C, 1 sheet, scale 1:750,000.

Clark, D.W., and Kendy, Eloise, 1991, Regional analysis of the northern Rocky Mountains intermontane basins, Montana and Idaho, in Prince, K.R. and Johnson, A.I. eds., Regional aquifer systems of the United States, aquifers of the Far West: American Water Resources Association Monograph Series 16, p. 55-64.

Clark, G.M., 2003, Occurrence and transport of cadmium, lead, and zinc in the Spokane River basin, Idaho and Washington, water years 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4183, 37 p.

Clark, G.M., Caldwell, R.R., Maret, T.R., Bowers, C.L., Dutton, D.M., and Beckwith, M.A., 2004, Water quality in the northern Rockies intermontane basins, Idaho, Montana, and Washington, 1999-2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1235, 29 p.

Clarkson, D., and Buchanan, J.P., 1998, A reconnaissance of the hydrogeology and ground water quality in three hillside basins at the perimeter of the Rathdrum Prairie aquifer in Kootenai County, Idaho: Prepared for the Idaho Division of Environmental Quality: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, 103 p.

Cline, D.R., 1969, Ground-water resources and related geology, north central Spokane and southeastern Stevens Counties, Washington: Washington Department of Water Resources Water Supply Bulletin 27, 195 p., 2 pls.

Conners, J.A., 1976, Quaternary history of northern Idaho and adjacent areas: Moscow, Idaho, University of Idaho, Ph.D. dissertation, 504 p.

Crosthwaite, E.G., McQueen, I.S., and Nace, R.L., 1970, Interchange of ground water and surface water, in Nace, R.L., McQueen, I.S., Crosthwaite, E.G., and Pluhowski, E.J., Water resources of the Spokane−Coeur d’Alene river basin with emphasis on the Spokane−Rathdrum lowlands, Idaho-Washington: Boise, draft report, p. 212-235.

Dames and Moore, Inc., and Cosmopolitan Engineering Group, 1995, Draft initial watershed assessment Water Resources Inventory Area 55, Little Spokane River watershed: Dames and Moore, Inc., and Cosmopolitan Engineering Group Open-File Technical Report 95-15, 33 p.

Davenport, R.W., 1922, Coeur d’Alene Lake, Idaho, and the overflow lands, in Contributions to the hydrology of the United States 1921: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 500, p. 1-31.

Davis, Anthony, and Bishop, Robert, 1977, Rathdrum Prairie inventory: Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, Panhandle Health District I Technical Report, 25 p.

Deobald, W.B., and Buchanan, J.P., 1995, Hydrogeology of the West Plains area of Spokane County, Washington: Cheney, Eastern Washington University Geology Department, 126 p.

Derkey, R.E., 1997, Geologic map of the Mead 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane County, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Open-File Report 97-3, 9 p., 2 pls.

Derkey, R.E., Gerstal, W.J., and Logan, R.L., 1998, Geologic map of the Dartford 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane County, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Open-File Report 98-6, 9 p., 1 pl.

Derkey, R.E., Gulick, C.W., Palmer, S.P., and Gerstal, W.J., 1994, An interdisciplinary approach to sole-source aquifer management planning—Subsurface investigation of Missoula flood deposits that form the sole source aquifer for Spokane, Washington [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 7, p. A-100—A-101.

Derkey, R.E., and Hamilton, M.M., 2001, Spokane earthquakes point to Latah fault?: Washington Geology, v. 29, no. ½, p. 42.

Derkey, R.E., and Hamilton, M.M., 2002, Structural controls for deposition of Miocene Latah Formation sediments and Columbia River basalt in the Spokane, Washington area [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 34, no. 5, p. A-97.

Derkey, R.E., and Hamilton, M.M., 2003, Geology along the northeast margin of Columbia River basalt group rocks at Spokane, Washington [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 549.

Derkey, R.E., Hamilton, M.M., and Stradling, D.F., 2003, Geologic map of the Nine Mile Falls 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane and Stevens Counties, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report 2003-8, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.

Derkey, R.E., Hamilton, M.M., and Stradling, D.F., 2004a, Geologic map of the Airway Heights 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane County, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report 2004-1, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.

Derkey, R.E., Hamilton, M.M., and Stradling, D.F., 2004b, Geologic map of the Greenacres 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane County, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report 2004-11, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.

Derkey, R.E., Hamilton, M.M., and Stradling, D.F., 2004c, Geologic map of the Spokane Northwest 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane County, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report 2004-3, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.

Derkey, R.E., Hamilton, M.M., and Stradling, D.F., 2004d, Geologic map of the Washington portions of the Liberty Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle and the south half of the Newman Lake 7.5-minute quadrangle, Spokane County: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Open File Report 2004-12, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000.

Derkey, R.E., Hamilton, M.M., Stradling, D.F., and Kiver, E.P., 1999, Preliminary geologic map of the Spokane NE and SE 7.5-minute quadrangles: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Open-File Report 99-6, 3 pls.

Dion, N.P., 1987, Geohydrologic reconnaissance of a ground-water contamination problem in the Argonne Road area near Spokane, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4173, 37 p.

Dion, N.P., and Sumioka, S.S., 1991, Extent and source of organic solvents in ground water in the Argonne Road area near Spokane, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4121, 39 p.

Doorenboos, J., and Pruit, W.O., 1977, Crop water requirements: Rome, Italy, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 24, 144 p.

Drost, B.W., and Seitz, H.R., 1978a, “Sole-Source” study [abs.] in Geological Survey Research 1978: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1100, p. 125.

Drost, B.W., and Seitz, H.R., 1978b, Spokane Valley−Rathdrum Prairie aquifer, Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-829, 79 p.

Dutton, D.M., Lawlor, S.M., Briar, D.W., and Tresch, R.E., 1995, Hydrogeologic data for the northern Rocky Mountains intermontane basins, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-143, 94 p.

Eaton, L.G., Butler, B.F., Beard, L.D., and Paul, J.S., 1992, Hydrogeology of the Colbert landfill superfund site, Spokane County, Washington [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 5, p. 22.

Ecology and Environment, Inc., 1995, Final expanded site inspection Coeur d’Alene groundwater contamination site, Coeur d’Alene, Idaho, Volume 1–Report: Seattle, Wash., 155 p.

Eliopulos, G., Bahr, G., and Carlson, R., 2001, Kootenai and Bonner Counties Spokane Valley−Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer ground water monitoring results: Idaho State Department of Agriculture ISDA Technical Results Summary no. 7, 5 p.

EMCON, 1992, Deer Park ground water characterization study, hydrogeologic summary report, v. 1: Bothell, Washington, EMCON Northwest, Inc., project 0622-001.02, 83 p.

Entranco Engineering, 1989, Phase I diagnostic and feasibility analysis, Hauser Lake: Idaho Department of Environmental Quality Clean Lakes Program.

Esvelt, L.A., 1978, Spokane aquifer cause and effect reportSummary report of ‘208’ water quality results and cause and effect relationships for water quality in the Spokane-Rathdrum aquifer: Spokane Water Quality Management Program, Spokane County Engineers Office, Spokane, Washington, 74 p.

Fader, S.W., 1951, Water levels in wells and lakes in Rathdrum Prairie and contiguous areas, Bonner and Kootenai Counties, northern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 51-17, 90 p.

Falter, C.M., and Hallock, D., 1987, Limnological study and management plan for Upper and Lower Twin Lakes, Kootenai County, Idaho: Idaho Water Resources Research Institute.

Falter, C.M., and Mitchell, B.D., 1982, Aquatic ecology of the Spokane River between Coeur d’Alene and Post Falls, Idaho: Moscow, University of Idaho, Department of Fishery Resources, Contract 1032, Idaho Department of Health and Welfare, 96 p.

Fields, R.L., Woods, P.F., and Berenbrock, Charles, 1996, Bathymetric map of Lake Pend Oreille and Pend Oreille River, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4189, scale 1:24,000, 2 sheets.

Fosdick, E.R., 1931, A study of ground water in the Spokane and Rathdrum Valleys: The Washington Water Power Company, 34 p., 8 pl.

Foxworthy B.L., 1979, Summary appraisals of the nation’s ground-water resources, Pacific Northwest Region: Geological Survey Professional Paper 813-S, 39 p.

Frink, J.W., 1962, Spokane Valley project—Geology and groundwater factors controlling design and construction of water wells: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation Open-File Report, variously paginated.

Frink, J.W., 1964, Geology and water resources in Rathdrum Prairie, Idaho, as they relate to design and construction of east Greenacres unit—Rathdrum Prairie project: Bureau of Reclamation, 14 p., 1 appendix, 6 pls.

Frink, J.W., 1968, An appraisal of potential ground water supply for Avondale and Hayden Lake irrigation districts, Rathdrum Prairie project, Idaho: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, 8 p., 5 pls.

Gearhart, C.M., 2001, The hydraulic connection between the Spokane River and the Spokane Aquifer—Gaining and losing reaches of the Spokane River from state line, Idaho to Spokane, Washington: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, M.S. thesis, 106 p.

Gearhart, C.M., and Buchanan, J.P., 2000, The hydraulic connection between the Spokane River and the Spokane Aquifer–Gaining and losing reaches of the Spokane River from state line, Idaho to Spokane, Washington: Spokane County Public Works Water Quality Management Program, 106 p.

Gerstel, W.J., Gulick, C.W., and Derkey, R.E., 1995, Mapping Missoula flood deposits in the Spokane Valley—An interdisciplinary approach to sole-source aquifer management, Spokane County, Washington [abs.], in Washington Department of Ecology, Abstracts from the 1st symposium on the hydrogeology of Washington State: Washington Department of Ecology, p. 143.

Gerstel, W.J., and Palmer, S.P., 1994, Geologic and geophysical mapping of the Spokane aquifer−Relevance to growth management: Washington Geology, v. 22, p. 18–24.

Golder Associates, Inc., 1985, Phase I remedial investigation of the north Market Street site, Spokane, Washington, v. II−Final report to State of Washington Department of Ecology: Golder Associates, Inc., 1 v.

Golder Associates, Inc., 2003, Little Spokane (WRIA 55) and Middle Spokane (WRIA 57) watershed planning phase II–Level 1 assessment, data compilation and analysis: Seattle, Golder Associates, Inc., prepared under grant no. 9800300 from the Washington Department of Ecology, variously paginated.

Golder Associates, Inc., 2004, Final report to the Little and Middle Spokane watershed WRIA 55 and 57 planning unit, level 2 technical assessment—Watershed simulation model: Seattle, Golder Associates, Inc., prepared under grant no. 9800300, from the Washington Department of Ecology, February 14, 2004, 51 p., 4 appendixes.

Graham, W.A. and Buchanan, J.P., 1994, A hydrogeologic characterization and reconnaissance water quality study of the Chilco Channel area, Kootenai County, Idaho: Cheney, Eastern Washington University, M.S. thesis, variously paginated.

Griggs, A.B., 1965, Stratigraphic relationships between the Columbia River basalt and the Latah Formation in Spokane area, Washington [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 82, p. 328.

Griggs, A.B., 1966, Reconnaissance geologic map of the west half of the Spokane quadrangle, Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-464, 1 sheet, scale 1:125,000.

Grosbois, C.A., Horowitz, A.J., Smith, J.J., and Elrick, K.A., 2001, The effect of mining and related activities on the sediment-trace element geochemistry of Coeur d’Alene Lake, Idaho, USA, part III, downstream effects–The Spokane River basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 15, p. 855-875.

Gruenenfelder, C.R., 1997, Evidence of a deep confined aquifer system in the Hillyard trough and Little Spokane River Valley of north Spokane [abs.], in Inland Northwest Water Resources Conference, Program and Abstracts: Inland Northwest Water Resources Conference, Spokane, Wash., April 28 and 29, 1997, 1 p.

Gulick, C.W., 1993, Agency studies aquifer thickness: Groundwater Guard, v. 3, no. 2, p. 3.

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