Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5255

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5255

Ground and Surface Water Interactions and Quality of Discharging Ground Water, Lower Nooksack River Basin, WA

Back to Table of Contents

References Cited

Abu-Ashour, J., Joy, D.M., Lee, H., Whiteley, H.R., and Zelin, S., 1998, Movement of bacteria in unsaturated soils columns with macropores: Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, v. 41, p. 1043-1050.

American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation, 1998, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (20th ed.): Washington, D.C., American Public Health Association, p. 1205.

Bitton, Gabriel, and Harvey, R.W., 1992, Transport of pathogens through soils and aquifers, in Mitchell, Ralph (ed.), Environmental Microbiology: New York, Wiley-Liss Inc., p. 103-124.

Bohlke, J.K., Wanty, R., Tuttle, M., Delin, G., and Landon, M., 2002, Denitrification in the recharge area and discharge area of a transient agricultural nitrate plume in a glacial outwash sand aquifer, Minnesota: Water Resources Research, v. 38, no. 7, p. 10-1 to 10-26.

Burton, G.A., Gunnison, D., and Lanza, G.R., 1987, Survival of pathogenic bacteria in various freshwater sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 53, p. 633-638.

Carey, B.M., 2002, Effects of land application of manure on groundwater at two dairies over the Sumas-Blaine surficial aquifer—Implications for Agronomic Rate Estimates: Washington Department of Ecology, Publication No. 02-03-007, Olympia, Washington, 75 p. plus appendixes. URL: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/0203007.pdf, accessed June 2005.

Chapelle, F.H., 1993, Ground-water microbiology and geochemistry: New York, John Wiley and Sons, 424 p.

Cox, S.E., and Kahle, S.C., 1999, Hydrogeology, ground-water quality, and sources of nitrate in lowland glacial aquifers of Whatcom County, Washington, and British Columbia, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4195, 251 p., 5 pls.

Craun, G.F., 1986, Waterborne Diseases in the United States: CRC press, Boca Raton, Florida, 295 p.

Davies, C.M., Long, J.A.H., Donald, M., and Ashbolt, N.J., 1995, Survival of fecal microorganisms in marine and freshwater sediments: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 61, p. 1888-1896.

Dean, D.M., and Foran, M.E., 1992, The effect of farm liquid waste application on tile drainage: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, v. 5, p. 368-369.

Defawe, R.M., 2003, Attenuation of fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in the Nooksack River Basin stream sediments, Whatcom County, Washington: University of Washington Thesis, 111 p.

Embrey, S.S., 2001, Microbiological quality of Puget Sound Basin streams and identification of Contaminant sources: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 37, no. 2, p. 407-421.

Embrey, S.S., and Frans, L.M., 2003, Surface-water quality of the Skokomish, Nooksack, and Green-Duwamish Rivers and Thorton Creek, Puget Sound Basin, Washington, 1995-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4190, 182 p.

Erickson, Denis, 1998, Sumas-Blaine surficial aquifer nitrate characterization: Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication No. 98-310, Olympia, Washington, 27 p. plus appendixes.

Erickson, Karol, 1995, Fishtrap Creek total maximum daily load study, June 1995: Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication No. 95-328, Olympia, Washington, 26 p.

Fishman, M.J. [ed.], 1993, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory; determination of inorganic and organic constituents in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, 217 p.

Fishman, M.J., and Friedman, L.C., [eds.], 1989, Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chapter A1, 545 p.

Fleming, R.J., and MacAlpine, M.C,, 1995, Plugging tile drains to reduce manure contamination: Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering Paper 95-512, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 12 p.

Garland, D. P., and Erickson, Denis, 1994, Ground water quality survey near Edaleen Dairy, Whatcom County, Washington, January 1990-April 1993: Washington State Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington, Publication No. 94-37, 20 p. plus appendixes.

Gartner-Lee, 1993, Fraser Valley Groundwater Monitoring Program Phase 1 Report: British Columbia Ministry of Health, Victoria, British Columbia, 51 p.

Goehring, L.D., Wright, P.E., Steenhuis, T.S., and Walter, M.F., 1999, Fecal coliforms in tile drainage effluent: American Society of Agricultural Engineers Paper No. 99-2203, St. Joseph, Missouri, 22 p.

Hancock, D.D., Besser, T.E., Kinsel, M.L., Tarr, P.I., Rice, D.H., and Paros, M.G., 1994, The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in dairy and beef cattle in Washington State: Epidemiology and Infection, v. 113, no. 2, p. 199-207.

Heaton, T.H.E., and Vogel, J.C., 1981, "Excess air" in ground water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 50, p. 201-216.

Hii, B., Liebscher, H., Mazalek, M., and Tuominen, T., 1999, Ground water quality and flow rates in the Abbotsford Aquifer, British Columbia: Aquatic and Atmospheric Sciences Division, Environmental Conservation Branch, Environment Canada, Pacific and Yukon Region, Vancouver, British Columbia, 38 p.

Hunter, C., Perkins, J, Tranter, J., and Hardwick, P., 2000, Fecal bacteria in the waters of an upland area in Derbyshire, England: the influence of agricultural land use: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 29, no. 4, p. 1253-1261.

Hurst, C.J., Crawford R.L., Knudsen, G.R., McInerney, M.J., and Stetzenbach, L.D., 2002, Modeling the fate of microorganisms in water, wastewater, and soil: Manual of environmental microbiology, second edition, ASM Press, Washington, DC. p. 300-308.

Hussein, H.S., and Sakuma, T, 2005, Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle and their products: Journal of Dairy Science, v. 88, p 450-465.

Inkpen, E.L., Tesoriero, A.J., Ebbert, J.C., Silva, S.R., and Sandstrom, M.W., 2000, Ground-water quality in regional, agricultural, and urban settings in the Puget Sound Basin, Washington and British Columbia, 1996-1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00-4100, 66 p.

Irvine, K.N., and Pettibone, G.W., 1993, Dynamics of indicator bacteria populations in sediment and river water near a combined sewer outfall: Environmental Technology, v. 14, p. 531-542.

Jamieson, R.C., Gordon, R.J., Sharples, K.E., Stratton, G.W., and Madani, A., 2002, Movement and persistence of fecal bacteria in agricultural soils and subsurface drainage water—A review: Canadian Biosystems Engineering. v. 44, p. 1.1-1.9.

Joy, D.M., Lee, H., Reaume, C.M., Whitely, H.R., and Zelin, S., 1998, Microbial contamination of subsurface tile drainage water from field applications of liquid manure: Canadian Agricultural Engineering, v. 40, no. 3, p. 153-160.

Joy, Joe, 2000, Lower Nooksack River basin bacteria total maximum daily load evaluation: Olympia, Washington, Washington State Department of Ecology, Publication No. 00-03-006,, 60 p. plus appendixes.

Kaluarachchi, J.J., and Almasri, M.N., 2002, Conceptual model of fate and transport of nitrate in the Sumas-Blaine aquifer, Whatcom County, Washington: Logan, Utah, Draft Report: Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, 234 p.

Kimbrough, R.A., Wiggins, W.D., Smith, R.R., Ruppert, G.P., Knowles, S.M, and Renslow, V.F., 2004, Water resources data, Washington, water year 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WA-03-1, 547 p.

Korom, S.F., 1992, Natural denitrification in the saturated zone: a review: Water Resources Research, v. 28, p. 1657-1668.

Lee, D.R., Geist, D.R., Saldi, Kay, Harwig, Dale, and Cooper, Tom, 1997, Locating ground-water discharge in the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River: Richland, Washington, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL-11516, 37 p.

Lewis, G.D., Austin, F.J., and Loutit, M.W., 1986, Enteroviruses of human origin and fecal coliforms in river water and sediment downstream from a sewage outfall in the Taiere River, Otago: New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, v. 20, p. 101-105.

Liebscher, H., Hii, B., and McNaughton, D., 1992, Nitrates and pesticides in the Abbotsford Aquifer, southwestern British Columbia: Environment Canada, Pacific and Yukon Region, Vancouver, BC.

McMahon, P.B., and Bohlke, J.K., 1996, Denitrification and mixing in a stream-aquifer system: effects on nitrate loading to surface water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 196, p. 106-128.

Morace, J.L., and McKenzie, S.W., 2002, Fecal-indicator bacteria in the Yakima River Basin, Washington—An examination of 1999 and 2000 synoptic-sampling data and their relation to historical data: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4054, 32 p.

Mueller, D.K., Hamilton, P.A., Helsel, D.R., Hitt, K.J., and Ruddy, B.C. (1995), Nutrients in ground water and surface water of the United States-An analysis of data through 1992: U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigation Report 95-4031, 74 p.

Myers, D.N., and Sylvester, M.D., 1997, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data—Biological indicators: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A7, 38 p.

Nataro, J. P., and Kaper, J. B., 1998, Diarheagenic Escherichia coli: Clinical Microbiological Reviews, v. 11, p. 142-201.

Northwest Indian College, 2004, Final Report TMDL Implementation Monitoring in WRIA 1 Project March 1, 2002 through February 28, 2004: Bellingham, Washington, Northwest Indian College.

Patni, N.K., Toxopeus, R., and Hore, F.D., 1984, Bacterial quality of tile drainage water from manured and fertilized cropland: Water Research, v. 18, p. 127-132.

Petridis, H., Kidder, G., and A. Ogram, 2002, E. coli 0157:H7 A Potential Health Concern: Fact-Sheet SL-146 Florida Cooperative Extension Service; Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. URL: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/SS197, accessed October 2005.

Puckett, L.J., 2004, Hydrogeologic controls on the transport and fate of nitrate in ground water beneath riparian buffer zone: results from thirteen studies across the United States: Water Science and Technology, v. 49, n. 3, p. 47-53.

Simonds, F.W., Longpré, C.I., and Justin, G.B., 2004, Ground-water system in the Chimacum Creek Basin and surface water/ground water interaction in Chimacum and Tarboo Creeks and the Big and Little Quilcene Rivers, Eastern Jefferson County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5058, 49 p. URL: http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/sir/2004/5058/pdf/SIR2004_5058.pdf, accessed June 2005.

Sherer, B.M., Miner, J.R., Moore, J.A., and Buckhouse, J.C., 1992, Indicator bacteria survival in stream sediments: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 21, p. 591-596.

Smith, M.S., Thomas, G.W., White, R.E., and Ritonga, D., 1985, Transport of Escherichia coli through intact and disturbed soil columns: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 14, p. 87-91.

Tesoriero, A.J., Liebscher, H., and Cox, S.E., 2000, Mechanism and rate of denitrification in an agricultural watershed: Electron and mass balance along groundwater flow paths: Water Resources Research, v. 36, p. 1545-1559.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1992, Soil Survey of Whatcom County area, Washington: Soil Conservation Service, 481 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002, Draft—Implementation guidance for ambient water quality criteria for bacteria, May 2002: Washington D.C., EPA-823-B-02-003, p. 90 (Available at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/bacteria/bacteria.pdf)

Vogel, J.C., Talma, A.S., and Heaton, T.H.E., 1981, Gaseous nitrogen as evidence for denitrification in ground water: Journal of Hydrology, v. 59, p. 191-200.

Watershed Sciences, LLC, 2002, Aerial Remote Sensing Surveys in the Nooksack River Basin: Thermal Infrared and Color Videography: Corvallis, Oregon, 20 p.

Winter, T.C., LaBaugh, J.W., and Rosenberry, D.O., 1988, The design and use of a hydraulic potentiometer for direct measurement of differences in hydraulic head between groundwater and surface water: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 33. no. 5. p. 1209-1214.

Whitman, R.L., and Nevers, M.B., 2003, Foreshore sand as a source of Escherichia coli in nearshore water of a Lake Michigan beach: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 69, p. 5555-5562.

Back to Table of Contents

For more information about USGS activities in Washington, visit the USGS Washington Water Science Center home page .


Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices

Take Pride in America home page. FirstGov button U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: https://
Page Contact Information:
Page Last Modified: