Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5056
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5056
Continued Biodegradation of Chloroethene Compounds in Ground Water at Operable
Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington
ONLINE ONLY
By R.S. Dinicola
Table of Contents
Conversion Factors, Datums, Abbreviations,
and Acronyms
Abstract
Introduction
Methods of Sample Collection and Analysis
Redox Conditions in Contaminated Ground
Water
Biodegradation of Chloroethenes in
Ground Water
Evaluation of Biodegradation
Summary and Conclusions
References Cited
Appendix A. Quality Assurance and
Control of U.S. Geological Survey 2004 Geochemical Sampling
Figures
Figure 1. Location of Operable Unit
1 study area, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington.
Figure 2. Locations of former landfill,
two phytoremediation plantations, and data-collection sites at Operable Unit
1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington.
Figure 3. Ground-water levels and
flow directions in the unconfined upper aquifer during low tide at Operable
Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington,
September 1996.
Figure 4. Ground-water levels and
flow directions in the confined intermediate aquifer during low tide at Operable
Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington,
September 1996.
Figure 5. Total concentrations of
chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in upper-aquifer ground water
at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport,
Washington, 2004.
Figure 6. Concentrations of total
chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in upper-aquifer ground water
at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport,
Washington, 1999 (wells and piezometers) and 2000 (passive diffusion samplers).
Figure 7. Chloroethene concentration
and ratio of cis 1,2-dichloroethene to vinyl chloride concentrations at northern
plantation sites 1MW-1, MW1-2, and P1-4 at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare
Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1991–2004.
Figure 8. Chloroethene concentration
and ratio of cis 1,2-dichloroethene to vinyl chloride concentrations at southern
plantation sites MW1-16, P1-6, P1-8, and P1-10 at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea
Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1995–2004.
Figure 9. Chloroethene concentration
and ratios of trichloroethene to cis -1,2-dichloroethene and cis -1,2-dichloroethene
to vinyl chloride concentrations at southern plantation sites MW1-4, P1-7, and
P1-9 at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington,
1991–2004.
Figure 10. Chloroethene concentration
at surface-water site MA-12 at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center,
Division Keyport, Washington, 1996–2004.
Figure 11. Chloroethene concentration
at intermediate aquifer sites MW1-25 and MW1-28 at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea
Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1995–2004.
Figure 12. Transects and sub-transects
where mass chloroethene fluxes were estimated for the upper aquifer at Operable
Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), Division Keyport, Washington.
Tables
Table 1. Wells and piezometers sampled
and water levels measured at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center,
Division Keyport, Washington, June 2004.
Table 2. Potential relative efficiency
of chloroethene biodegradation through reductive dechlorination or microbial
oxidation as a function of ground water reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions
(from Bradley, 2003).
Table 3. Concentrations of selected
volatile organic compounds in water samples collected by the U.S. Geological
Survey from selected monitoring wells, piezometers, and passive-diffusion samplers
at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington,
2004.
Table 4. Estimated chloroethene mass
degradation rates and fluxes to surface water at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea
Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2000 and 2004.
Table 5. Chloroethene flux comparison
to southern marsh surface water estimated from ground-water flux and chloroethene
concentrations from passive-diffusion samplers and surface-water flux and chloroethene
concentrations from surface water, Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center,
Division Keyport, Washington, 1999–2000 and 2004.
Table 6. Predominant redox conditions
at selected wells and piezometers, and ground-water geochemical data collected
at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington,
1996–2004.
Table A1. Quality assurance and control
data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey at Operable Unit 1, Naval Undersea
Warfare Center, Division Keyport, Washington, 2004.
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Send questions or comments about this report to the author, R.S. Dinicola, (253) 428-3600 ext. 2603.
For more information about USGS activities in Washington, visit the USGS
Washington Water Science Center home page.
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