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| Publications— Scientific Investigations Reports |
In cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5090
By Randall W. Conger and Dennis J. Low
This report is available online in Portable Document Format (PDF). If you do not have the Adobe Acrobat PDF Reader, it is available for free download from Adobe Systems Incorporated.
View the full report in PDF 12.8 MB
Between August 2002 and March 2004, geophysical logging was conducted in 23 boreholes at the Crossley Farm
Superfund Site, Hereford Township, Berks County, Pa., to determine the water-producing zones, water-receiving zones,
zones of vertical-borehole flow, and fracture orientation where applicable. The boreholes ranged in depth from 71 to
503 ft(feet) below land surface. The geophysical logging determined the placement of well screens and packers, which
allow monitoring and sampling of water-bearing zones in the fractured bedrock so the horizontal and vertical distribution
of contaminated ground water migrating from known sources could be determined. Geophysical logging included collection of
caliper (22 boreholes), fluid-temperature (17 boreholes),single-point-resistance (17 boreholes), natural-gamma
(17 boreholes), fluid-flow (18 boreholes), and acoustic-televiewer (13 boreholes) logs. Caliper and acoustic-televiewer
logs were used to locate fractures, joints, and weathered zones. Inflections on fluid-temperature and single-point-resistance
logs indicated possible water-bearing zones, and flowmeter measurements verified these locations. Single-point-resistance,
natural-gamma, and geologist logs provided information on stratigraphy; the geologist log also provided information on the
location of possible water-producing zones.
Borehole geophysical logging and heatpulse flowmetering indicated active flow
in 10 boreholes. Seven of the boreholes are in ground-water discharge areas and three boreholes are in ground-water
recharge areas. Heatpulse flowmetering, in conjunction with the geologist logs, indicates lithologic contacts (changes
in lithology from a gneiss dominated by quartz-plagioclase-feldspar mineralogy to a gneiss dominated by hornblende
mineralogy) are typically fractured, permeable, and effective transmitters of water.
Single-well, aquifer-isolation (packer) tests were performed on two boreholes. Packers were set at depths ranging from
210 to 465 ft below land surface to isolate water-bearing zones at discrete intervals. Placement and inflation of the
packers provided information on hydraulic heads, specific capacities, the hydraulic connection between intervals, and
depth-specific water-quality samples.
Upon completion of borehole geophysical logging and interpretation of geophysical logs, geologist logs, drillers notes, and
packer work, 13 boreholes were reconstructed such that water levels could be monitored and water samples could be collected
from discrete shallow, intermediate, and deep water-bearing fractures in each borehole. Boreholes BE-1672, BE-1674, BE-1676,
and BE-1677 remained open-hole for sampling purposes. Boreholes RI-2, RI-3, and RI-4 remained open-hole for injection
purposes. Boreholes P-1, P-2, and P-3 remained open and were converted to pumping wells.
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Hydrogeologic Setting
Methods of Investigation
Borehole Geophysical and Geologist Logs
Aquifer-Isolation Tests
Water-Quality Samples
Well-Numbering System
Description of Borehole-Geophysical and Geologist Logs
BE-1661 (TT27-I)
BE-1662 (TT27-D1)
BE-1663 (TT27-D2)
BE-1664 (TT26-I)
BE-1665 (TT26-D1)
BE-1666 (TT26-D2)
BE-1667 (TT25-I)
BE-1668 (TT25-D1)
BE-1669 (TT25-D2)
BE-1670 (TT25-S)
BE-1671 (TT24-I)
BE-1672 (TT28-I)
BE-1673 (TT29-I)
BE-1674 (TT28-D)
BE-1675 (TT31-I)
BE-1676 (TT29-D)
BE-1677 (TT30-D)
BE-1678 (RI-2)
BE-1679 (RI-3)
BE-1680 (RI-4)
BE-1681 (P-1)
BE-1682 (P-2)
BE-1683 (P-3)
Aquifer-Isolation Tests
Borehole BE-1665 (TT26-D1)
Interval 1 (158–222 feet below land surface)
Interval 2 (210-235 feet below land surface)
Interval 3 (235-260 feet below land surface)
Interval 4 (260-302 feet below land surface)
Borehole BE-1666 (TT26-D2)
Interval 1 (400-425 feet below land surface)
Interval 2 (440-476 feet below land surface)
Water Quality
Summary and Conclusions
References Cited
This report is available online in Portable Document Format (PDF). If you do not have the Adobe Acrobat PDF Reader, it is available for free download from Adobe Systems Incorporated.
View the full report in PDF 12.8 MB
For more information about USGS activities in Pennsylvania contact:
Director
USGS Pennsylvania Water Science Center
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, Pennsylvania 17070
Telephone: (717) 730-6960
Fax: (717) 730-6997
or access the USGS Water Resources of Pennsylvania home page at:
http://pa.water.usgs.gov/.
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