Ground-Water Hydrology of the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California

Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5050

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5050
Version 1.1, April 2010

Table 6. Estimated ground-water discharge to principal stream reaches in the upper Klamath Basin, Oregon and California.

[Reach: River miles in Reach column are from Oregon Water Resources Department Klamath Drainage Basin Map, Map No. 14.6, 1971. Confidence level: Confidence levels represent a subjective assessment of the interval (plus or minus) that has a 95 percent probability of containing the true value. Confidence level categories are: 1, 10 percent; 2, 20 percent; 3, 30 percent; 4, 50 percent; 5, data insufficient to assess uncertainty. Subtotals rounded to two significant figures. Unless otherwise noted, values were derived by taking the average of estimated discharge in the fall (Sept, Oct, Nov). USGS synoptic measurement data from Leonard and Harris (1974). Abbreviations: BOR, Bureau of Reclamation; CDWR, California Department of Water Resources; Cr, Creek; ft³/s, cubic feet per second; Hwy, Highway; mi, mile; NA, not applicable; NPS, National Park Service; OWRD, Oregon Water Resources Department; R, River; Res, Reservoir; RM, river mile; RR, rail road; USFS, U.S. Forest Service; USGS, U.S. Geological Survey]

Number	Stream name	Reach	Estimated gain (+) or loss (-) (ft³/s)	Data source	Period of record	Methods	Remarks	Confidence level
1	South Fork Sprague River	Headwaters to above Brownsworth Cr (RM 15.2)	14	USFS gage	10/1992-09/1997	Index regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000)	OWRD site 61420208	3
2	Brownsworth Creek	Entire drainage	5	USFS measurements (46)	12/1991-04/1997	Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000)	OWRD site 21420206	3
3	Fritz and Deming Creeks	Entire drainage of both creeks	5	N/A	N/A	Regional regression		5
¹4	South Fork Sprague River	Brownsworth Cr (RM 15.2) to picnic area (RM 10.2)	0	USFS measurements (34)	1/1992– 3/1996	Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000). Mass balance.	OWRD site 21420201. Gains calculated from difference with upstream inflows.	3
Subtotal for South Fork Sprague River	24
5	North Fork Sprague River	Headwaters to above Sandhill Crossing (RM 23.5)	16	USFS gage	10/1992–9/1997	Index regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000)	OWRD site 61420206	3
6	North Fork Sprague River	Sandhill Crossing to The Elbow (RM 23.5 to RM 12.2)	43	USFS measurements (46)	01/1992– 05/1997	Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley (USGS site 10384000). Mass balance.	OWRD site 21420202. Gains calculated from difference with upstream inflows.	2
7	Meryl Creek	Headwaters to approximately 1.5 mi above mouth	13	USGS/OWRD measurements (5)	09/1915, 09/1954, 10/1970, 09/1983, 11/2000	Average	Majority of measurements approximately 1.5 mi from mouth.	4
8	Fivemile Creek	Headwaters to approximately 4.0 mi above mouth	20	USGS/OWRD measurements (280)	08/1917– 09/1973	Miscellaneous measurement regression to Williamson R below Sprague R near Chiloquin, Oreg. (USGS site 11502500).	Measurements at USGS site 11497000. Used data as miscellaneous measurement site due to large amounts of missing data.	1
¹9	North Fork Sprague River	The Elbow (RM 12.2) to RM 1.5	0	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2000	Synoptic measurement	No gains other than tributary inflows.	3
Subtotal for North Fork Sprague River	92
10	Upper Sprague River	South Fork Sprague at Picnic Area (RM 10.2) to Sprague at Cinder Pit (RM 77.5)	26	OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (2)	11/2000, 10/1970	Average	Good agreement between seepage measurements. Discharge recorded at Beatty gage during synoptic measurements was close to long term average.	3
11	Upper Sprague River	Cinder Pit (RM 77.5) to OWRD gage at Beatty Gap (RM 75)	26	OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (2)	11/2000, 10/1970	Average	Large difference between synoptic measurements.	4
Subtotal for upper Sprague River	52
¹12	Lower Sprague River	OWRD gage at Beatty Gap (RM 75) to below old RR crossing (RM 74.2)	34	OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (3)	10/1970, 11/2000, 10/2002	Average	Estimate includes gains from Medicine Springs (14 ft³/s from seven measurements).	3
¹13	Spring Creek	Headwater to mouth (Sprague RM 73.2). Note: Spring Creek is too short to show on figures; enters Sprague near Brown Creek.	18	OWRD synoptic measurements (2)	11/2000, 10/2002	Average	Good agreement between synoptic measurements.	4
14	Brown Creek	Headwater to 1 mi above confluence (Sprague RM 73)	3	OWRD synoptic measurements (2)	11/2000, 10/2002	Average	Good agreement between synoptic measurements.	4
15	Sprague River	Near old RR crossing (RM 74.2) to Watchdog Butte (RM 49)	7	OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (2)	11/2000, 10/1970	Average	Gains within measurement error. However, some springs in the vicinity RM 69 and 70. Springs measured 4 ft³/s in 10/2002. Synoptic measurements made when flows recorded at USGS gage near Chiloquin were similar to long term average.	4
16	Whisky Creek	Headwaters to approximately 1.0 mi above mouth	13	OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (3)	10/1970, 11/2000, 10/2002	Average	1970 measurement about 10 ft³/s larger than others.	4
¹17	Sprague River	Watchdog Butte (RM 49) to below Trout Cr confluence (RM 37)	0	OWRD	11/1/2000	Synoptic measurement	Synoptic measurements made when flows recorded at USGS gage near Chiloquin were similar to long-term average fall flow.	3
¹18	Sprague River	Trout Cr confluence (RM 37) to bridge near Lone Pine (RM 33)	0	OWRD synoptic measurements (2)	11/2000, 10/2002	Average	Synoptic measurements on 10/1970 demonstrate gain of 30 ft³/s. Recent results do not concur with this finding.	4
¹19	Sprague River	Bridge near Lone Pine (RM 33) to above Wolff Ranch (RM 28.5)	4	OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (3)	10/1970, 11/2000, 10/2002	Average	Gains within measurement error.	3
20	Sprague River	above Wolff Ranch (RM 28.5) to below Kamkaun Springs (RM 23.2)	50	OWRD synoptic measurements	11/2000	Synoptic measurement	Good agreement with average of 26 direct measurements on Kamkaun/McReady springs made from 04/1920 to 09/1973	2
21	Sprague River	Kamkaun Springs (RM 23.2) to Hwy Bridge near Braymill (RM 10.1)	19	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2000	Synoptic measurement	Gains probably near Whitehorse Spring	3
¹22	Sprague River	Braymill (RM 10.1) to Chiloquin (RM 5.2)	0	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2000	Synoptic measurement		3
Subtotal for lower Sprague River	150
¹23	Long Creek	Headwaters to T31S, R12E, S5	9	USFS gage	10/1992–09/1997	Index regression to Eagle Cr above Skull Cr, near New Bridge, Oreg. (USGS Site 13288200)	OWRD site 61420205	1
24	Long Creek	T31S, R12E, S5 to mouth (Sycan Marsh)	7	N/A	N/A	Regional regression	Ungaged drainage area below USFS gage (OWRD site 61420205)	5
25	Sycan River	Headwaters to Sycan Marsh (RM 46.5)	8	USFS gage	10/1992–09/1997	Index regression to Deep Cr above Adel, Oreg. (USGS Site 10371500).	OWRD site 61420209	2
Subtotal for upper Sycan River	24
¹26	Sycan Marsh	Sycan Marsh	-10 to -20	USFS gages	10/1992–09/1997	Mass balance and index regression of USFS gage below Sycan Marsh to Chewaucan R near Paisley (USGS Site 10384000).	OWRD site 61420210. Gains calculated from mass balance with upstream estimates during the fall.	5
Subtotal for Sycan Marsh	-10 to -20
¹27	Sycan River	Sycan Marsh Outlet (RM 35) to RM 30 (above Torrent Spring)	0	OWRD synoptic measurement	08/2000	Synoptic measurement	Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.	3
28	Torrent Spring	Above and below Torrent Spring on Sycan R (RM 30 to RM 24)	12	OWRD/USFS synoptic measurements (5)	10/1997, 10/1998, 08/1999, 10/1999, 08/2000	Average	Synoptic measurement in 08/2000, plus additional synoptic measurements taken at RM 35 and RM 24. Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages.	3
¹29	Sycan River	Below Torrent Springs (RM 24) to confluence with Blue Cr (RM 11)	0	OWRD synoptic measurement	08/2000	Synoptic measurement	Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.	3
¹30	Brown Creek	1/4 mi below spring	4	OWRD synoptic measurement	08/2000	Synoptic measurement	Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.	3
31	Sycan River	Blue Cr confluence (RM 11) to OWRD gage (RM 3)	5	OWRD synoptic measurement	08/2000	Synoptic measurement	Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.	3
Subtotal for lower Sycan River	21
32	Williamson River	Head of River Springs (RM 86)	8	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2002	Synoptic measurement	Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.	2
33	Williamson River	Head of River (RM 86) to downstream side of reservoir below Bull Pasture (RM 81)	8	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2002	Synoptic measurement	Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.	2
34	Williamson River	Reservoir (RM 81) to above Wickiup Spring (RM 79.8)	14	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2002	Synoptic measurement	Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.	2
35	Wickiup Spring	RM 79.8	24	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2002	Synoptic measurement	Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.	2
¹36	Williamson River	Below Wickiup Spring (RM 79.8) to OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (RM 67.7)	0	OWRD synoptic measurement	11/2002	Synoptic measurement	Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.	2
37	Jackson Creek	Headwaters to road crossing	6	USFS measurements (68)	11/1991-04/1997	Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS Site 10384000).	OWRD site 21420110	4
38	Jack Creek	Headwaters to Silver Lake Road	2	OWRD synoptic measurement	03/2000	Synoptic measurement	Wet conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 120 percent of average fall flows.	4
39	Williamson River	OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (RM 67.7) to above Cholo Ditch (RM 58.3)	18	OWRD synoptic measurement	03/2000	Synoptic measurement	Wet conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 120 percent of average fall flows.	4
Subtotal for upper Williamson River	80
40	Klamath Marsh	Cholo Ditch (RM 58.3) to Kirks Reef (RM 27)	50	USFWS marsh stage measurements and OWRD, USGS, USFWS gage data	1971–2000	Mass balance. Annual Average	Mass balance used gaged inflows and outflows, precipitation recorded at Chemult, and marsh evapotranspiration rates from USFWS rates coupled with ungaged tributary flow estimates	5
Subtotal for Klamath Marsh	50
41	Big Springs Creek	Headwaters to confluence with Lenz Cr	34	OWRD measurements (33)	10/1916–09/1987	Average	Synoptic measurements demonstrate some gains to creek below confluence with Lenz Cr and above mouth	4
42	Miller Creek	Headwaters to National Forest Boundary (RM 8.3)	8	USFS gage	10/1992–09/1997	Index regression to Eagle Cr above Skull Cr, near New Bridge, Oreg. (USGS Site 13288200)	OWRD site 61420102	3
43	Sink Creek	Headwaters to RM 6.2	4	USFS gage	10/1995–09/1997	Index regression to Eagle Cr above Skull Cr, near New Bridge, Oreg. (USGS Site 13288200)	OWRD site 61420104	2
44	Scott Creek	Headwaters to above Highway 232 (RM 4.6)	9	OWRD(52) and USFS(50) measurements	06/1929–05/1993 (OWRD) and 08/1991–05/1997 (USFS)	Miscellaneous measurement regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)	OWRD site 21420107	3
45	Sand Creek	Headwaters to above Highway 232 (RM 5.8)	23	USFS gage	10/1992–09/1997	Index regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)	OWRD site 61420103	3
Subtotal for Klamath Marsh tributaries	78
¹46	Williamson River	Kirks Reef (RM 27) to base of falls near Calimus (RM 22.2)	0	OWRD synoptic measurement	10/2002	Synoptic measurement		4
47	Williamson River	Calimus (RM 22.2) to old USGS Station 11494000 (RM 19.7)	22	OWRD measurements (16)	10/1955–09/1973	Average	Average of difference in concurrent flows recorded at Kirk (USGS Site 11493500) and below Road 9730 (USGS Site 11494000). From synoptic measurements on 10/2002, gains appear to occur below Calimus.	3
¹48	Larkin Creek	At Williamson confluence (RM 19.2)	10	OWRD measurements (27)	10/1923–11/1985	Average	OWRD site 21420105	3
¹49	Larkin Springs	At Williamson confluence (RM 17.5)	10	OWRD synoptic measurement	10/2002	Synoptic measurement		4
50	Williamson River	USGS gage (11494000) (RM 19.7) to Larkin Springs confluence (RM 17.5)	6	OWRD synoptic measurement	10/2002	Synoptic measurement		4
51	Spring Creek	Just above Williamson confluence at RM 16.5	300	OWRD measurements (39)	09/1908– 09/1993	Average	Small year to year variability	1
Subtotal for lower Williamson River	350
52	Wood River	Headwater springs to Dixon Road (RM 16.2)	250	OWRD measurements (68)	11/1925–09/1989	Index regression to Fall River near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14057500)	OWRD site 21420395	1
53	Annie Creek	Headwaters to National Park Boundary (RM 5.7)	56	USFS gage	10/1992–09/1997	Index regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)	OWRD site 61420301	2
54	Sun Creek	Headwaters to National Park Boundary (RM 5.0)	13	NPS measurements (99)	07/1989–09/1997	Miscellaneous measurement regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)	OWRD site 21420310	2
55	Fort Creek	Headwaters to near Hwy 62 (RM 1.0)	84	OWRD measurements (22)	11/1954–03/1981	Index regression to Fall River near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14057500)	OWRD site 21420398	1
56	Crooked Creek	Headwaters to above Tecumseh Springs (RM 5.4) near Hwy 62	43	OWRD measurements (16)	11/1983–09/1987	Average of all measurements		2
¹57	Tecumseh Springs	Tecumseh Springs	27	USGS/OWRD measurements (7)	08/1907–10/1909	Average of all measurements		3
58	Agency Creek	Headwaters to mouth	21	USGS/OWRD measurements (5)	04/1924– 08/1954	Average of all measurements		3
Subtotal for Wood River and tributaries	490
59	Sevenmile Creek	Headwaters to RM 17	18	USFS gage	10/1992–09/1997	Index regression to North Umpqua River above Copeland Cr near Toketee Falls, Oreg. (USGS Site 14316500)	OWRD site 61420303	2
¹60	Crane Creek	Headwaters to Sevenmile Road	11	USGS measurements (3)	05/1905–08/1911	Average of all measurements		4
¹61	Mares Egg Spring	Headwaters to mouth	12	OWRD measurement (1)	10/1954		Four measurements averaged 2.4 ft³/s during summer of 1992 and 1994	4
62	Sevenmile Creek	RM 17 to Sevenmile Road	60	OWRD measurements (9)	10/1908–10/1959	Average	Unknown upstream diversions. OWRD Site 21420393	2
63	Cherry Creek	Headwaters to West Side Road Crossing	12	USFS gage	10/1992–09/1997	Index regression to Rogue R above Prospect, Oreg. (USGS Site 14328000)	OWRD site 61420302 and site 21420397	2
64	Fourmile Creek	Headwaters to West Side Road Crossing	2	USGS gage	10/1964–09/1967	Index regression to Deer Cr above Crane Prairie Res, near La Pine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14052000)	USGS Site 11505600, regulated at Fourmile Lake	4
Subtotal for other upper Klamath Lake tributaries	120
65	Upper Klamath Lake	Upper Klamath Lake	350	USGS gages	10/1964–09/1967	Mass balance. Annual average (rounded).	Published water balanced study from Hubbard (1970). Analysis used measured inflows, outflows, lake elevations, and evaporation estimates. Agrees with other estimates (Cooper, 2004)	3
Subtotal for upper Klamath Lake	350
66	Clear Lake	Drainage to Clear Lake Reservoir Dam (RM 78)	40	USGS gage, BOR data	10/1904–09/1951	Average	10/1904–05/1909 USGS gage, 06/1909–09/1951 (Bureau of Reclamation, 1954)	4
67	Lost River	Clear Lake Reservoir (RM 78) to Malone Dam (64.5)	2	BOR data	08/1987– 08/2002	Mass balance. Only November average used due to missing data in other months.	Discharge in river and canals below Malone Dam minus Clear Lake mean monthly releases. Gains within uncertainty of estimate.	4
68	Gerber Reservoir	Drainage to Gerber Reservoir	10	USGS gage, BOR data	10/1904–09/1951	Average	Flows at Gerber reported by Bureau of Reclamation (1954)	4
69	Lost River	Malone Dam (RM 64.5) to Gift Road (RM 58)	11	OWRD synoptic measurement	12/1997	Synoptic measurement		4
70	Lost River	Gift Road (RM 58) to Keller Bridge (RM 50.3)	16	OWRD synoptic measurement	12/1997	Synoptic measurement		4
71	Lost River	Keller Bridge (RM 50.3) to east Bonanza (RM 45.1)	9	OWRD synoptic measurement	12/1997	Synoptic measurement	Synoptic overall gains (73 ft³/s) from Keller Bridge to Harpold Dam is close to the average (82 ft³/s) of 13 measurements taken from 11/1925–12/2001	3
72	Lost River	East Bonanza (RM 45.1) to Harpold Bridge (RM 43.9)	61	OWRD synoptic measurement	12/1997	Synoptic measurement	Synoptic overall gains (73 ft³/s) from Keller Bridge to Harpold Dam is close to the average (82 ft³/s) of 13 measurements taken from 11/1925–12/2001	3
73	Lost River	Harpold Bridge (RM 43.9) to Harpold Dam (RM 40.8)	3	OWRD synoptic measurement	12/1997	Synoptic measurement	Synoptic overall gains (73 ft³/s) from Keller Bridge to Harpold Dam is close to the average (82 ft³/s) of 13 measurements taken from 11/1925–12/2001	3
74	Lost River	Harpold Dam (RM 40.8) to Kirsh Bridge (RM 34.8)	10	OWRD synoptic measurement	12/1997	Synoptic measurement		4
75	Lost River	Kirsh Bridge (RM 34.8) to Stevenson Park (RM 30.5)	29	OWRD synoptic measurement	12/1997	Synoptic measurement		4
76	Miller Creek	Gerber Reservoir to mouth	4	OWRD measurement and BOR reservoir outflow data	12/1997	Mass balance from measurement and reservoir release data.		4
Subtotal for Lost River	200
77	Williow Creek	Measured at bridge crossing about 3 mi from headwater springs	5.8	USGS measurements (4)	12/1954–3/1955	Average	Wood, 1960	4
78	Cottonwood Creek	Combined measurements of headwaters springs	10	USGS measurements (4)	12/1954–5/1955	Average	Wood, 1960	4
79	Sheepy Creek	Measured at road crossing (48N/1E-35) about 1 mi north of headwater springs	16	USGS measurements (5)	11/1954–5/1955	Average	Wood, 1960	4
80	Hot Creek	Measured at outlet of empty reservoir 47N/1E-3 about 0.5 mi from headwater springs	3.4	CDWR and USGS measurements	12/1954 (stream) 6/1954 (wells)	Flow of spring-fed stream with probable contributions from flowing artesian wells subtracted	Wood, 1960	4
Subtotal for lower Klamath Lake	35
81	Klamath River	Keno Dam (RM 230.5) to below JC Boyle powerplant (RM 218.1)	190	USGS gage and Pacific Corp. Reservoir data	10/1967–10/1987, 10/1989–09/2001	Average (rounded). Mass balance. Derived from monthly mean discharge and reservoir content data. Excludes gains from Spencer Cr.	USGS gages: (11509500) Klamath River at Keno, Oreg. and (11510700) Klamath River below JC Boyle powerplant near Keno, Oreg. Minus gains estimate from Spencer Creek.	2
82	Spencer Creek	Headwaters to mouth	27	USGS gage	10/1925–09/1931	Index regression to Rogue River above Prospect, Oreg. (USGS Site 14328000)	USGS Site 11510000. Restarted in 2002 by OWRD	3
83	Fall Creek	Headwaters to mouth	36	USGS gage	07/1928–09/1959	Index regression to McCloud R near McCloud CA (USGS Site 11367500)	USGS Site 11512000	2
84	Jenny Creek	Headwaters to mouth	9	USGS gage	10/1922–09/1928	Index regression to South Fork Little Butte Cr near Lake Creek, Oreg. (USGS Site 14341500)	USGS Site 11516500	3
85	Klamath River	Below JC Boyle powerplant (RM 218.1) to Iron Gate Dam	92	USGS gage and Pacific Corp. Reservoir data	10/1967–09/2000	Average. Mass balance from monthly mean discharge, reservoir content data, and tributary flow listed in table. Excludes gains from tributaries listed in table.	Klamath River below JC Boyle powerplant near Keno, Oreg. (USGS Site 11510700) to Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam, Calif. (USGS Site 11516530). Minus gain estimates from tributaries.	3
Subtotal for Klamath River below Keno	350

Number

Stream name

Reach

Estimated gain (+) or loss (-) (ft³/s)

Data source

Period of record

Methods

Remarks

Confidence level

South Fork Sprague River

Headwaters to above Brownsworth Cr (RM 15.2)

USFS gage

10/1992-09/1997

Index regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000)

OWRD site 61420208

Brownsworth Creek

Entire drainage

USFS measurements (46)

12/1991-04/1997

Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000)

OWRD site 21420206

Fritz and Deming Creeks

Entire drainage of both creeks

N/A

Regional regression

¹4

South Fork Sprague River

Brownsworth Cr (RM 15.2) to picnic area (RM 10.2)

USFS measurements (34)

1/1992– 3/1996

Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000). Mass balance.

OWRD site 21420201. Gains calculated from difference with upstream inflows.

Subtotal for South Fork Sprague River

North Fork Sprague River

Headwaters to above Sandhill Crossing (RM 23.5)

USFS gage

10/1992–9/1997

Index regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS site 10384000)

OWRD site 61420206

North Fork Sprague River

Sandhill Crossing to The Elbow (RM 23.5 to RM 12.2)

USFS measurements (46)

01/1992– 05/1997

Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley (USGS site 10384000). Mass balance.

OWRD site 21420202. Gains calculated from difference with upstream inflows.

Meryl Creek

Headwaters to approximately 1.5 mi above mouth

USGS/OWRD measurements (5)

09/1915, 09/1954, 10/1970, 09/1983, 11/2000

Average

Majority of measurements approximately 1.5 mi from mouth.

Fivemile Creek

Headwaters to approximately 4.0 mi above mouth

USGS/OWRD measurements (280)

08/1917– 09/1973

Miscellaneous measurement regression to Williamson R below Sprague R near Chiloquin, Oreg. (USGS site 11502500).

Measurements at USGS site 11497000. Used data as miscellaneous measurement site due to large amounts of missing data.

¹9

North Fork Sprague River

The Elbow (RM 12.2) to RM 1.5

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2000

Synoptic measurement

No gains other than tributary inflows.

Subtotal for North Fork Sprague River

Upper Sprague River

South Fork Sprague at Picnic Area (RM 10.2) to Sprague at Cinder Pit (RM 77.5)

OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (2)

11/2000, 10/1970

Average

Good agreement between seepage measurements. Discharge recorded at Beatty gage during synoptic measurements was close to long term average.

Upper Sprague River

Cinder Pit (RM 77.5) to OWRD gage at Beatty Gap (RM 75)

OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (2)

11/2000, 10/1970

Average

Large difference between synoptic measurements.

Subtotal for upper Sprague River

¹12

Lower Sprague River

OWRD gage at Beatty Gap (RM 75) to below old RR crossing (RM 74.2)

OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (3)

10/1970, 11/2000, 10/2002

Average

Estimate includes gains from Medicine Springs (14 ft³/s from seven measurements).

¹13

Spring Creek

Headwater to mouth (Sprague RM 73.2). Note: Spring Creek is too short to show on figures; enters Sprague near Brown Creek.

OWRD synoptic measurements (2)

11/2000, 10/2002

Average

Good agreement between synoptic measurements.

Brown Creek

Headwater to 1 mi above confluence (Sprague RM 73)

OWRD synoptic measurements (2)

11/2000, 10/2002

Average

Good agreement between synoptic measurements.

Sprague River

Near old RR crossing (RM 74.2) to Watchdog Butte (RM 49)

OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (2)

11/2000, 10/1970

Average

Gains within measurement error. However, some springs in the vicinity RM 69 and 70. Springs measured 4 ft³/s in 10/2002. Synoptic measurements made when flows recorded at USGS gage near Chiloquin were similar to long term average.

Whisky Creek

Headwaters to approximately 1.0 mi above mouth

OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (3)

10/1970, 11/2000, 10/2002

Average

1970 measurement about 10 ft³/s larger than others.

¹17

Sprague River

Watchdog Butte (RM 49) to below Trout Cr confluence (RM 37)

OWRD

11/1/2000

Synoptic measurement

Synoptic measurements made when flows recorded at USGS gage near Chiloquin were similar to long-term average fall flow.

¹18

Sprague River

Trout Cr confluence (RM 37) to bridge near Lone Pine (RM 33)

OWRD synoptic measurements (2)

11/2000, 10/2002

Average

Synoptic measurements on 10/1970 demonstrate gain of 30 ft³/s. Recent results do not concur with this finding.

¹19

Sprague River

Bridge near Lone Pine (RM 33) to above Wolff Ranch (RM 28.5)

OWRD/USGS synoptic measurements (3)

10/1970, 11/2000, 10/2002

Average

Gains within measurement error.

Sprague River

above Wolff Ranch (RM 28.5) to below Kamkaun Springs (RM 23.2)

OWRD synoptic measurements

11/2000

Synoptic measurement

Good agreement with average of 26 direct measurements on Kamkaun/McReady springs made from 04/1920 to 09/1973

Sprague River

Kamkaun Springs (RM 23.2) to Hwy Bridge near Braymill (RM 10.1)

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2000

Synoptic measurement

Gains probably near Whitehorse Spring

¹22

Sprague River

Braymill (RM 10.1) to Chiloquin (RM 5.2)

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2000

Synoptic measurement

Subtotal for lower Sprague River

150

¹23

Long Creek

Headwaters to T31S, R12E, S5

USFS gage

10/1992–09/1997

Index regression to Eagle Cr above Skull Cr, near New Bridge, Oreg. (USGS Site 13288200)

OWRD site 61420205

Long Creek

T31S, R12E, S5 to mouth (Sycan Marsh)

N/A

Regional regression

Ungaged drainage area below USFS gage (OWRD site 61420205)

Sycan River

Headwaters to Sycan Marsh (RM 46.5)

USFS gage

10/1992–09/1997

Index regression to Deep Cr above Adel, Oreg. (USGS Site 10371500).

OWRD site 61420209

Subtotal for upper Sycan River

¹26

Sycan Marsh

-10 to -20

USFS gages

10/1992–09/1997

Mass balance and index regression of USFS gage below Sycan Marsh to Chewaucan R near Paisley (USGS Site 10384000).

OWRD site 61420210. Gains calculated from mass balance with upstream estimates during the fall.

Subtotal for Sycan Marsh

-10 to -20

¹27

Sycan River

Sycan Marsh Outlet (RM 35) to RM 30 (above Torrent Spring)

OWRD synoptic measurement

08/2000

Synoptic measurement

Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.

Torrent Spring

Above and below Torrent Spring on Sycan R (RM 30 to RM 24)

OWRD/USFS synoptic measurements (5)

10/1997, 10/1998, 08/1999, 10/1999, 08/2000

Average

Synoptic measurement in 08/2000, plus additional synoptic measurements taken at RM 35 and RM 24. Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages.

¹29

Sycan River

Below Torrent Springs (RM 24) to confluence with Blue Cr (RM 11)

OWRD synoptic measurement

08/2000

Synoptic measurement

Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.

¹30

Brown Creek

1/4 mi below spring

OWRD synoptic measurement

08/2000

Synoptic measurement

Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.

Sycan River

Blue Cr confluence (RM 11) to OWRD gage (RM 3)

OWRD synoptic measurement

08/2000

Synoptic measurement

Overall gains from synoptic measurements below Sycan Marsh in 08/2000 is similar to average difference in fall flows from gages at OWRD site 61420210 to USGS Site 11499100.

Subtotal for lower Sycan River

Williamson River

Head of River Springs (RM 86)

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2002

Synoptic measurement

Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.

Williamson River

Head of River (RM 86) to downstream side of reservoir below Bull Pasture (RM 81)

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2002

Synoptic measurement

Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.

Williamson River

Reservoir (RM 81) to above Wickiup Spring (RM 79.8)

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2002

Synoptic measurement

Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.

Wickiup Spring

RM 79.8

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2002

Synoptic measurement

Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.

¹36

Williamson River

Below Wickiup Spring (RM 79.8) to OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (RM 67.7)

OWRD synoptic measurement

11/2002

Synoptic measurement

Dry conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 85 percent of average fall flows.

Jackson Creek

Headwaters to road crossing

USFS measurements (68)

11/1991-04/1997

Miscellaneous measurement regression to Chewaucan near Paisley, Oreg. (USGS Site 10384000).

OWRD site 21420110

Jack Creek

Headwaters to Silver Lake Road

OWRD synoptic measurement

03/2000

Synoptic measurement

Wet conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 120 percent of average fall flows.

Williamson River

OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (RM 67.7) to above Cholo Ditch (RM 58.3)

OWRD synoptic measurement

03/2000

Synoptic measurement

Wet conditions. Synoptic measurements made when OWRD gage below Sheep Cr (USGS Site 11491400) at 120 percent of average fall flows.

Subtotal for upper Williamson River

Klamath Marsh

Cholo Ditch (RM 58.3) to Kirks Reef (RM 27)

USFWS marsh stage measurements and OWRD, USGS, USFWS gage data

1971–2000

Mass balance. Annual Average

Mass balance used gaged inflows and outflows, precipitation recorded at Chemult, and marsh evapotranspiration rates from USFWS rates coupled with ungaged tributary flow estimates

Subtotal for Klamath Marsh

Big Springs Creek

Headwaters to confluence with Lenz Cr

OWRD measurements (33)

10/1916–09/1987

Average

Synoptic measurements demonstrate some gains to creek below confluence with Lenz Cr and above mouth

Miller Creek

Headwaters to National Forest Boundary (RM 8.3)

USFS gage

10/1992–09/1997

Index regression to Eagle Cr above Skull Cr, near New Bridge, Oreg. (USGS Site 13288200)

OWRD site 61420102

Sink Creek

Headwaters to RM 6.2

USFS gage

10/1995–09/1997

Index regression to Eagle Cr above Skull Cr, near New Bridge, Oreg. (USGS Site 13288200)

OWRD site 61420104

Scott Creek

Headwaters to above Highway 232 (RM 4.6)

OWRD(52) and USFS(50) measurements

06/1929–05/1993 (OWRD) and 08/1991–05/1997 (USFS)

Miscellaneous measurement regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)

OWRD site 21420107

Sand Creek

Headwaters to above Highway 232 (RM 5.8)

USFS gage

10/1992–09/1997

Index regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)

OWRD site 61420103

Subtotal for Klamath Marsh tributaries

¹46

Williamson River

Kirks Reef (RM 27) to base of falls near Calimus (RM 22.2)

OWRD synoptic measurement

10/2002

Synoptic measurement

Williamson River

Calimus (RM 22.2) to old USGS Station 11494000 (RM 19.7)

OWRD measurements (16)

10/1955–09/1973

Average

Average of difference in concurrent flows recorded at Kirk (USGS Site 11493500) and below Road 9730 (USGS Site 11494000). From synoptic measurements on 10/2002, gains appear to occur below Calimus.

¹48

Larkin Creek

At Williamson confluence (RM 19.2)

OWRD measurements (27)

10/1923–11/1985

Average

OWRD site 21420105

¹49

Larkin Springs

At Williamson confluence (RM 17.5)

OWRD synoptic measurement

10/2002

Synoptic measurement

Williamson River

USGS gage (11494000) (RM 19.7) to Larkin Springs confluence (RM 17.5)

OWRD synoptic measurement

10/2002

Synoptic measurement

Spring Creek

Just above Williamson confluence at RM 16.5

300

OWRD measurements (39)

09/1908– 09/1993

Average

Small year to year variability

Subtotal for lower Williamson River

350

Wood River

Headwater springs to Dixon Road (RM 16.2)

250

OWRD measurements (68)

11/1925–09/1989

Index regression to Fall River near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14057500)

OWRD site 21420395

Annie Creek

Headwaters to National Park Boundary (RM 5.7)

USFS gage

10/1992–09/1997

Index regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)

OWRD site 61420301

Sun Creek

Headwaters to National Park Boundary (RM 5.0)

NPS measurements (99)

07/1989–09/1997

Miscellaneous measurement regression to Deschutes River below Snow Cr, near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14050000)

OWRD site 21420310

Fort Creek

Headwaters to near Hwy 62 (RM 1.0)

OWRD measurements (22)

11/1954–03/1981

Index regression to Fall River near Lapine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14057500)

OWRD site 21420398

Crooked Creek

Headwaters to above Tecumseh Springs (RM 5.4) near Hwy 62

OWRD measurements (16)

11/1983–09/1987

Average of all measurements

¹57

Tecumseh Springs

USGS/OWRD measurements (7)

08/1907–10/1909

Average of all measurements

Agency Creek

Headwaters to mouth

USGS/OWRD measurements (5)

04/1924– 08/1954

Average of all measurements

Subtotal for Wood River and tributaries

490

Sevenmile Creek

Headwaters to RM 17

USFS gage

10/1992–09/1997

Index regression to North Umpqua River above Copeland Cr near Toketee Falls, Oreg. (USGS Site 14316500)

OWRD site 61420303

¹60

Crane Creek

Headwaters to Sevenmile Road

USGS measurements (3)

05/1905–08/1911

Average of all measurements

¹61

Mares Egg Spring

Headwaters to mouth

OWRD measurement (1)

10/1954

Four measurements averaged 2.4 ft³/s during summer of 1992 and 1994

Sevenmile Creek

RM 17 to Sevenmile Road

OWRD measurements (9)

10/1908–10/1959

Average

Unknown upstream diversions. OWRD Site 21420393

Cherry Creek

Headwaters to West Side Road Crossing

USFS gage

10/1992–09/1997

Index regression to Rogue R above Prospect, Oreg. (USGS Site 14328000)

OWRD site 61420302 and site 21420397

Fourmile Creek

Headwaters to West Side Road Crossing

USGS gage

10/1964–09/1967

Index regression to Deer Cr above Crane Prairie Res, near La Pine, Oreg. (USGS Site 14052000)

USGS Site 11505600, regulated at Fourmile Lake

Subtotal for other upper Klamath Lake tributaries

120

Upper Klamath Lake

350

USGS gages

10/1964–09/1967

Mass balance. Annual average (rounded).

Published water balanced study from Hubbard (1970). Analysis used measured inflows, outflows, lake elevations, and evaporation estimates. Agrees with other estimates (Cooper, 2004)

Subtotal for upper Klamath Lake

350

Clear Lake

Drainage to Clear Lake Reservoir Dam (RM 78)

USGS gage, BOR data

10/1904–09/1951

Average

10/1904–05/1909 USGS gage, 06/1909–09/1951 (Bureau of Reclamation, 1954)

Lost River

Clear Lake Reservoir (RM 78) to Malone Dam (64.5)

BOR data

08/1987– 08/2002

Mass balance. Only November average used due to missing data in other months.

Discharge in river and canals below Malone Dam minus Clear Lake mean monthly releases. Gains within uncertainty of estimate.

Gerber Reservoir

Drainage to Gerber Reservoir

USGS gage, BOR data

10/1904–09/1951

Average

Flows at Gerber reported by Bureau of Reclamation (1954)

Lost River

Malone Dam (RM 64.5) to Gift Road (RM 58)

OWRD synoptic measurement

12/1997

Synoptic measurement

Lost River

Gift Road (RM 58) to Keller Bridge (RM 50.3)

OWRD synoptic measurement

12/1997

Synoptic measurement

Lost River

Keller Bridge (RM 50.3) to east Bonanza (RM 45.1)

OWRD synoptic measurement

12/1997

Synoptic measurement

Synoptic overall gains (73 ft³/s) from Keller Bridge to Harpold Dam is close to the average (82 ft³/s) of 13 measurements taken from 11/1925–12/2001

Lost River

East Bonanza (RM 45.1) to Harpold Bridge (RM 43.9)

OWRD synoptic measurement

12/1997

Synoptic measurement

Synoptic overall gains (73 ft³/s) from Keller Bridge to Harpold Dam is close to the average (82 ft³/s) of 13 measurements taken from 11/1925–12/2001

Lost River

Harpold Bridge (RM 43.9) to Harpold Dam (RM 40.8)

OWRD synoptic measurement

12/1997

Synoptic measurement

Synoptic overall gains (73 ft³/s) from Keller Bridge to Harpold Dam is close to the average (82 ft³/s) of 13 measurements taken from 11/1925–12/2001

Lost River

Harpold Dam (RM 40.8) to Kirsh Bridge (RM 34.8)

OWRD synoptic measurement

12/1997

Synoptic measurement

Lost River

Kirsh Bridge (RM 34.8) to Stevenson Park (RM 30.5)

OWRD synoptic measurement

12/1997

Synoptic measurement

Miller Creek

Gerber Reservoir to mouth

OWRD measurement and BOR reservoir outflow data

12/1997

Mass balance from measurement and reservoir release data.

Subtotal for Lost River

200

Williow Creek

Measured at bridge crossing about 3 mi from headwater springs

5.8

USGS measurements (4)

12/1954–3/1955

Average

Wood, 1960

Cottonwood Creek

Combined measurements of headwaters springs

USGS measurements (4)

12/1954–5/1955

Average

Wood, 1960

Sheepy Creek

Measured at road crossing (48N/1E-35) about 1 mi north of headwater springs

USGS measurements (5)

11/1954–5/1955

Average

Wood, 1960

Hot Creek

Measured at outlet of empty reservoir 47N/1E-3 about 0.5 mi from headwater springs

3.4

CDWR and USGS measurements

12/1954 (stream) 6/1954 (wells)

Flow of spring-fed stream with probable contributions from flowing artesian wells subtracted

Wood, 1960

Subtotal for lower Klamath Lake

Klamath River

Keno Dam (RM 230.5) to below JC Boyle powerplant (RM 218.1)

190

USGS gage and Pacific Corp. Reservoir data

10/1967–10/1987, 10/1989–09/2001

Average (rounded). Mass balance. Derived from monthly mean discharge and reservoir content data. Excludes gains from Spencer Cr.

USGS gages: (11509500) Klamath River at Keno, Oreg. and (11510700) Klamath River below JC Boyle powerplant near Keno, Oreg. Minus gains estimate from Spencer Creek.

Spencer Creek

Headwaters to mouth

USGS gage

10/1925–09/1931

Index regression to Rogue River above Prospect, Oreg. (USGS Site 14328000)

USGS Site 11510000. Restarted in 2002 by OWRD

Fall Creek

Headwaters to mouth

USGS gage

07/1928–09/1959

Index regression to McCloud R near McCloud CA (USGS Site 11367500)

USGS Site 11512000

Jenny Creek

Headwaters to mouth

USGS gage

10/1922–09/1928

Index regression to South Fork Little Butte Cr near Lake Creek, Oreg. (USGS Site 14341500)

USGS Site 11516500

Klamath River

Below JC Boyle powerplant (RM 218.1) to Iron Gate Dam

USGS gage and Pacific Corp. Reservoir data

10/1967–09/2000

Average. Mass balance from monthly mean discharge, reservoir content data, and tributary flow listed in table. Excludes gains from tributaries listed in table.

Klamath River below JC Boyle powerplant near Keno, Oreg. (USGS Site 11510700) to Klamath River below Iron Gate Dam, Calif. (USGS Site 11516530). Minus gain estimates from tributaries.

Subtotal for Klamath River below Keno

350

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