Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1999, ToxFAQs for isophorone: Atlanta, Ga., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, accessed December 28, 2006, at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts138.html

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2006, ToxFAQs for cresol: Atlanta, Ga., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, accessed December 28, 2006, at http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts34.html

AZUR Environmental, 1998, Microtox acute toxicity test, in AZUR Environmental, Microtox test manual: Newark, Del., Strategic Diagnostics Inc., accessed December 28, 2006, at http://www.azurenv.com/mtox.htm

Baird and Associates, 1997, Milwaukee River PCB mass balance project final report: Madison, Wis., Baird and Associates, 276 p.

Bahls, L.L., 1993, Periphyton bioassessment methods for Montana streams (revised): Helena, Mont., Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Water Quality Bureau, 69 p.

Capel, P.D., Spexet, A.H., and Larson, S.J., 1999, Occurrence and behavior of the herbicide Prometon in the hydrologic system: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, no. 5, p. 674-680.

Carlson, R.E., 1977, A trophic state index for lakes: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 22, no. 2, p. 361–369.

Chang, J.C., Taylor, P.B., and Leach, F.R., 1981, Use of the Microtox assay system for environmental samples: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 26, no. 1, p. 150–156.

Combs, S.M., and Peters, J.B., [n.d.], Wisconsin soil test summary, 1995–1999, phosphorus map: University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Soil Science, Soil & Plant Analysis Lab, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://uwlab.soils.wisc.edu/madison/

Corsi, S. R., Graczyk, D.J., Owens, D.W., and Bannerman, R.T., 1997, Unit-area loads of suspended sediment, suspended solids and total phosphorus from small watersheds in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1997–195, 4 p.

Corsi, S.R., Zitomer, D.H., Field, J.A., and Cancilla, D.A., 2003, Nonylphenol ethoxylates and other additives in aircraft deicers, antiicers, and waters receiving airport runoff: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 37, no. 18, p. 4031–4037

Daughton, C.G., and Ternes, T.A., 1999, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?: Human Health Perspectives, v. 107, supl. 6, p. 907–938.

Dufour, A.P., 1984, Health effects criteria for fresh recreational waters: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, EPA-600/1-84-004, 33 p.

return to top

Fitzpatrick, F.A., White, I.R., D’Arconte, P.J., Meador, M.R., Maupin, M.A., and Gurtz, M.E., 1998, Revised methods for characterizing stream habitat in the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98–4052, 67 p.

Gilliom, R.J., Barbash, J.E., Crawford, C.G., Hamilton, P.A., Martin, J.D., Nakagaki, N., Nowell, L.H., Scott, J.C., Stackelberg, P.E., Theilin, G.P., and Wolock, D.M., 2006, The quality of our Nation’s waters—pesticides in the Nation’s streams and ground water, 1992–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1291, 172 p.

Goldman, C.R., and Horne. A.J., 1983, Limnology: New York, McGraw-Hill, 464 p.

Graczyk, D.J., and Vanden Brook, J.D., 1997, Herbicides in the Pecatonica and Yahara River in Southwestern Wisconsin, May 1996–July 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 175–197, 4 p.

Graczyk, D.J., Vanden Brook, J.D., and Rheineck, B.D., 1999, Herbicides in the Pecatonica, Trempealeau, and Yahara River in Wisconsin, May 1997–July 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 167–99, 6 p.

Hilsenhoff, W.L., 1987, An improved biotic index of organic stream pollution: Great Lakes Entomologist, v. 20, no. 1, p. 31–40.

Hilsenhoff, W.L., 1998, A modification of the biotic index of organic stream pollution to remedy problems and permit its use throughout the year: Great Lakes Entomologist, v. 31, no. 1, p. 1–12.

Iman, R.L., and Conover, W.J., 1983, A modern approach to statistics: New York, John Wiley, 497 p.

Kaiser, Jocelyn, 2000, Endocrine disrupters: panel cautiously confirms low-dose effects: Science, v. 290, no. 5492, p. 695–697.

Karr, J.R., 1981, Assessment of biotic integrity using fish community: Fisheries, vol. 6, p. 21–27.

Karr, J.R., Fausch, K.D., Angermeier, P.L., Yant, P.R., and Schlosser, I.J., 1986, Assessing biological integrity in running waters: a method and its rationale: Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication 5, 28 p.

Kingsbury, J.A., Hopple, J.A., Delzer, G.C., 2006, Review of quality-control and environmental data for wastewater effluent compounds collected for the NAWQA Source Water-Quality Assessment: U.S. Geological Survey, accessed January 3, 2007 at http://wwwdsd.cr.usgs.gov/nawqa/vocns/swqa/SWQA_1433_QC_2004.pdf

Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B., and Buxton, H.T., 2002, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999–2000: a national reconnaissance: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 6, p. 1202–1211.

Krabbenhoft, D.P., Wiener, J.G., Brumbaugh, W.G., Olson, M.L., DeWild, J.F., and Sabin, T.J., 1999, A national pilot study of mercury contamination of aquatic ecosystems along multiple gradients, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, S.C., March 8–12, 1999—volume 2 of 3, Contamination of hydrologic systems and related ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4018B, p. 147–160.

Kunze, A.E., and Sroka, B.N., 2004, Effects of highway deicing chemicals on shallow unconsolidated aquifers in Ohio—final report: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5150, 187 p.

return to top

Lange-Bertalot, H., 1979, Pollution tolerance of diatoms as a criterion for water quality estimation: Nova Hedwigia, v. 64, p. 285–304.

Lee, K.E., Barber, L.B., Furlong, E.T., Cahill, J.D., Kolpin, D.W., Meyer, M.T., and Zaugg, S.D., 2004, Presence and distribution of organic wastewater compounds in wastewater, surface, ground, and drinking waters, Minnesota, 2000–02: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5138, 47 p.

Lyons, John, 1992, Using the index of biotic integrity (IBI) to measure environmental quality in warmwater streams of Wisconsin: St. Paul, Minn., U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, 48 p.

MacCoy, D.E., 2004, Water-quality and biological conditions in the Lower Boise River, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho, 1994–2002: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004–5128, 80 p.

MacDonald, D.D., Ingersoll, C.G., and Berger, T.A., 2000, Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 39, no. 1, p. 20–31.

Mahler, B.J., Van Metre, P.C., Bashara, T.J., Wilson, J.T., and Johns, D.A., 2005. Parking lot sealcoat: an unrecognized source of urban polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 39, no. 15, p. 5560–5566.

Mara, Duncan, and Horan, N.J., eds., 2003, The handbook of water and wastewater microbiology: San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 819 p.

Mason, R.P., Fitzgerald, W.F., and Morel, F.M.M., 1994, The biogeochemical cycling of elemental mercury: anthropogenic influences: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 58, no. 15, p. 3191–3198.

Moulton, S.R., II, Kennen, J.G., Goldstein, R.M., and Hambrook, J.A., 2002, Revised protocols for sampling algal, invertebrate, and fish communities as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02–150, 75 p.

Mueller, D.K., and Spahr, N.E., 2006, Nutrients in streams and rivers across the Nation—1992–2001: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5107, 44 p.

Newell, A.J., Johnson, D.W., and Allen, L.K., 1987, Niagara River biota contamination project: fish flesh criteria for piscivorous wildlife: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Bureau of Environmental Protection, Technical Report 87–3, 182 p.

Novotny, V., and Chesters, G., 1981, Handbook of nonpoint pollution: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 555 p.

Odum, E.P., 1971, Fundamentals of Ecology (3d ed.): Philadelphia, Pa., W.B. Saunders Company, 574 p.

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, 1988, Biological criteria for the protection of aquatic life, v. II,: users manual for biological field assessment of Ohio surface waters: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Ecological Assessment Section, Division of Water Quality, Planning and Assessment, variously paginated.

Olson, M.L., and DeWild, J.F., 1999, Techniques for the collection and species-specific analysis of low levels of mercury in water, sediment, and biota, in Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program—proceedings of the technical meeting, Charleston, S.C., March 8–12, 1999—volume 2 of 3, Contamination of hydrologic systems and related ecosystems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4018B, p. 191–200.

Oregon State University, 1996, Metolachlor: Oregon State University, EXTOXNET—Extension Toxicology Network pesticide information profiles, accessed January 18, 2007 at http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/metolach.htm

Paul, M.J., and Meyer, J.L., 2001, Streams in the urban landscape: Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, v. 32, p. 333–365.

Percival, S., Chalmers, R., Embrey, M., Hunter, P., Sellwood, J., and Wyn-Jones, P., 2004, Microbiology of waterborne diseases: Boston, Elsevier Academic Press, 480 p.

Plafkin, J.L., Barbour, M.T., Porter, K.D., Gross, S.K., and Hughes, R.M., 1989, Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and rivers: benthic macroinvertebrates and fish: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Regulations and Standards, EPA 440–4–89–001.

Porterfield, George, 1972, Computation of fluvial-sediment discharge: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. C3, 66 p.

Prescott, G.W., 1962, Algae of the Western Great Lakes area (2d ed.): Dubuque, Iowa, W.C. Brown, 977 p.

return to top

Qureshi, A.A., Bulich, A.A., and Isenberg, D.L., 1998, Microtox toxicity test systems—where they stand today, in Wells, P.G., and others, eds., Microscale testing in aquatic toxicology: advances, techniques, and practice: Boca Raton, Fla., CRC Press, p. 185–200.

Rand, G.M., and Petrocelli, S.R., 1985, Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: methods and applications: New York, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., 666 p.

Rantz, S.E., and others, 1982, Measurement and computation of streamflow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2175, 2 v., 631 p.

Robertson, D.M., Graczyk, D.J., Garrison, P.J., Wang, L., LaLiberte, G., and Bannerman, R., 2006, Nutrient concentrations and their relations to the biotic integrity of wadeable streams in Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1722, 139 p.

Schneider, M.A., Lutz, M.A., and others, 2004, Water-resources-related information for the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District planning area, Wisconsin, 1970–2002: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03–4240, 288 p.

Scudder, B.C., Sullivan, D.J., Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Rheaume, S.J., 1997, Trace elements and synthetic organic compounds in biota and streambed sediment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, 1992–1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4192, 34 p.

Simon, A., and Hupp, C.R., 1992, Geomorphic and vegetative recovery processes along modified stream channels of West Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91–502, 142 p.

Simonson, T.D., Lyons, J., and Kanehl, P.D., 1994, Guidelines for evaluating fish habitat in Wisconsin streams: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, General Technical Report NC-164, 36 p.

Simpson, J.M, Santo Domingo, J.W., and Reasoner, D.J., 2002, Microbial source tracking—state of science: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 36, no. 24, p. 5279–5288.

Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, 1987, A water resources management plan for the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary—volume 1, Inventory findings for ready public review: Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Planning Report 37, 514 p.

Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, 2000, SEWRPC digital land use inventory, 2000, Wisconsin Transverse Mercator (WTM 83/91) projection: Machine-readable files on CD-ROM.

Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, 2002a, Subbasins, 2002 (continuous updates), Wisconsin Transverse Mercator (WTM 83/91) projection: Machine-readable files on CD-ROM.

Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, 2002b, Subwatersheds, 2002 (continuous updates), Wisconsin Transverse Mercator (WTM 83/91) projection: Machine-readable files on CD-ROM.

Steuer, J.S., Fitzgerald, S.A., and Hall, D.W., 1999, Distribution and transport of polychlorinated biphenyls and associated particulates in the Milwaukee River System, Wisconsin, 1993–95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4100, 37 p.

Sullivan, P.J., Agardy, F.J., and Clark, J.J.J., 2005, The environmental science of drinking water: Burlington, Mass., Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 368 p.

Taylor, M.R., and Harrison, P.T.C., 1999, Ecological effects of endocrine disruption: current evidence and research priorities: Chemosphere, v. 39, no. 8, p. 1237–1248.

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Climatic Data Center, 2003, Climatological data—Wisconsin: Ashville, N.C., Monthly Summaries, v. 108, nos. 10–12.

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Climatic Data Center, 2004, Climatological data—Wisconsin: Ashville, N.C., Monthly Summaries, v. 109, nos. 1–12.

U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and National Climatic Data Center, 2005, Climatological data—Wisconsin: Ashville, N.C., Monthly Summaries, v. 110, nos. 1–9.

return to top

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, Quality criteria for water: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Planning and Standards, EPA 440/9-76/023, 501 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Ambient water quality criteria for bacteria—1986: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water Planning and Standards, EPA 440/5–84–002, 18 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1997, Special report on environmental endocrine disruption: an effects assessment and analysis: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Assessment Forum, EPA/630/R–96/012, 111 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000, Ambient water quality criteria recommendations, rivers and streams in Nutrient Ecoregion VII: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, EPA 822–B–00–018, 20 p., 3 appendixes.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2001, Water quality criterion for the protection of human health: methylmercury: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, EPA 823–R–01–001, accessed January 18, 2007 at http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/methylmercury/document.html

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2005a, Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water by filtration/IMS/FA: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, EPA 815–R–05–002, 68 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2005b, Pesticides: topical & chemical fact sheets—the insect repellent DEET: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/chemicals/deet.htm

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006a, Data collection and modeling of enteric pathogens, fecal indicators and real-time environmental data at Madison, Wisconsin recreational beaches for timely public access to water quality information: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://www.cityofmadison.com/hebeachstatic/docs/Final%20EMPACT%20Project%20Report%206-24-04.pdf

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006b, Region 5 cleanup sites—Cedar Creek site: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://www.epa.gov/Region5/sites/cedarcreek/index.htm

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006c, Superfund information systems—Superfund site progress profile Moss-American Co., Inc. (Kerr-McGee Oil Co.): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://cfpub.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0505024

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006d, Water quality criteria—current national recommended water quality criteria: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://epa.gov/waterscience/criteria/wqcriteria.html

U.S. Geological Survey, variously dated, National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9, Chapters A1–A9, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://water.usgs.gov/owq/FieldManual/

University of Wisconsin-Extension and Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, 2004, Plan on it—environmental corridors, lifelines of the natural resource base: University of Wisconsin-Extension, accessed January 18, 2007, at http://www.sewrpc.org/publications/brochure/plan_on_it_environmental_corridors.pdf

Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R., and Cushing, C.E., 1980, The river continuum concept: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 37, p. 130–137.

Wang, Lizhu, Lyons, J., and Kanehl, P.D., 2001, Impacts of urbanization on stream habitat and fish across multiple spatial scales: Environmental Management, v. 28, no. 2, p. 255–266.

Waschbusch, R.J., Olson, D.L., Marsh, S.B., and Stark, P.A., 2005, Water Resources Data, Wisconsin, water year 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WI–04–1, 990 p.

Waschbusch, R.J., Olson, D.L., and Marsh, S.B., 2006, Water Resources Data, Wisconsin, water year 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WI–05–1, 982 p.

Waschbusch, R.J., Selbig, W.R., and Bannerman, R.T., 1999, Sources of phosphorus in stormwater and street dirt from two urban residential basins in Madison, Wisconsin, 1994–95: U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 99–4021, 47 p.

Wehr, J.D., and Sheath, R.G., 2003, Freshwater algae of North America: Ecology and classification: San Diego, Calif., Academic Press, 918 p.

Wiener, J.G., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Heinz, G.H., and Scheuhammer, A.M., 2003, Ecotoxicology of mercury, chap. 16 in Hoffman, D.J., Rattner, B.A., Burton, G.A., Jr., and Cairns, J., Jr., eds., Handbook of ecotoxicology (2d ed.): Boca Raton, Fla., Lewis Publishers, p. 409–463.

Wiener, J.G., and Spry, D.J., 1996, Toxicological significance of mercury in freshwater fish, in Beyer, W.N., Heinz, G.H., and Redmon-Norwood, A.W., eds., Environmental contaminants in wildlife: interpreting tissue concentrations: Boca Raton, FL, Lewis Publishers, p. 297–339.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, [n.d.], Beach monitoring program requirements: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, accessed December 18, 2006, at http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/wm/wqs/beaches/

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 1998, WISCLAND land cover (WLCGW930)—1992, Wisconsin Transverse Mercator (WTM 83/91) projection: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, machine-readable files on CD-ROM.

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2006, Choose wisely—a health guide for eating fish in Wisconsin: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, PUB-FH-824 2006, 20 p.

Zaugg, S.D., Smith, S.G., Schroeder, M.P., Barber, L.B., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2002, Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory—determination of wastewater compounds by polystyrene-divinylbenzene solid-phase extraction and capillary-column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4186, 37 p.

return to top
continue to Appendix 1. Land-use classes from Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC) and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources WISCLAND land-cover data sets.