Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Susceptibility to deep-seated landsliding modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley area, Northern California Edition: 1.0 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report Issue_Identification: SIR 2007-5196 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/ Description: Abstract: Prolonged rainfall or a major earthquake in northern California's San Francisco Bay region can trigger large, deep-seated landslides that differ from debris flows and other small, shallow failures. The varying likelihood that hillsides in the Oakland-Berkeley area might incur large landslides is mapped by statistically combining maps of old and recently active landslides with maps of geology and ground slope. Computed as a continuous variable at 30-m resolution, an index of susceptibility to deep-seated landsliding is estimated for individual geologic-map units as the areal percentage of terrain occupied by old landslides, adjusted by slope gradient. The resulting map suggests that most of greater Oakland is unlikely to host a deep-seated landslide, but that over one-fifth of the area that is in residential housing on hillsides has substantial potential for this type of slope instability. A similar map could be prepared for the entire Bay region or anywhere its three constituents-geology, landslide locations, and slope gradient-are available in digital-map form. The susceptibility map has various applications to public policy. Purpose: This map was created on the principle that anticipation of a future hazard is superior to post-disaster response in reducing losses resulting from the same hazard. The map's spatial predictions of the varied likelihood of deep-seated landsliding should aid public agencies in the decision making required for broad-scale land-use planning and zoning. In its role of increasing resistance of the greater Oakland-Berkeley area to landsliding, this map is intended for regional, rather than local site, application. Supplemental_Information: This map is intended specifically as a complement to the other three landslide-hazard maps in this scientific investigations report, wherever the four maps coincide. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2007 Currentness_Reference: The date given is the publication date. The information in the report is the most up-to-date available at the time of publication. The data used in constructing this map were published by the USGS between 1971 and 2000. Transformation of these data was performed in 2000, and again in 2001. The date of construction should be considered with respect to state of the practice when using this map. Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Irregular Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.3750000 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.0000000 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.00000000 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 37.62500000 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: American Geological Institute Dictionary of Geological Terms Theme_Keyword: landslide susceptiblity Theme_Keyword: mass movement Theme_Keyword: landslide Theme_Keyword: deep-seated landslide Theme_Keyword: earth flow Theme_Keyword: rock block slide Theme_Keyword: earth slump Theme_Keyword: rock slump Theme_Keyword: earth block slide Theme_Keyword: hazard Theme_Keyword: digital elevation model Theme_Keyword: slope gradient Theme_Keyword: earthquake Theme_Keyword: rainstorm Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4, version 1.0 Place_Keyword: California Place_Keyword: Oakland Place_Keyword: Berkeley Place_Keyword: Piedmont Place_Keyword: USA Place_Keyword: 06001 = Alameda Place_Keyword: 06013 = Contra Costa Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Users should acknowledge the authors and the U.S. Geological Survey if data used to derive products. Users should check with USGS western publications website prior to use to check for revisions or updates. This hazard map is a tool for regional planning only; it is not a substitute for the official State of California Landslide Hazard Zones map of the same area. This map should not be used to determine the absolute risk from rainfall or seismically triggered landslides at any locality, as the sole justification for zoning or rezoning and parcel, for detailed design of any utilities lifeline, for site-specific hazard-reduction planning, or for setting or modifying insurance rates. Any site-specific planning or analysis should be undertaken with the assistance of a qualified geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist. Users of this map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited for a scale of 1:50,000 means that higher resolution information, greater than 30 meter cell size, is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:50,000 (30m cell size) will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Richard J. Pike Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4947 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650-329-4936 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rpike@usgs.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/ Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Reduced-size image of the map sheet, 1394x1122 pixels, 32-bit RGB true color. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG Data_Set_Credit: Richard J. Pike (USGS) co-conceived the project and directed the overall effort, supplied ideas and topographic parameters to be tested by Sebastian Roberts (USGS and Environmental Careers Organization), contributed to creating (with Scott Graham, USGS) the 30-m digital elevation model, devised the final susceptibility model, prepared the tables, decided on figures to be made, chose colors for map, and prepared all versions of the pamphlet text and designed its final layout. He also wrote the metadata for the digital file, based on the similar document for MF-2385 prepared by Steven Sobieszczyk (USGS and Environmental Careers Organization). Russell W. Graymer (USGS) co-conceived the project and delimited the study area, supplied ideas to be experimented with by Sebastian Roberts (USGS and Environmental Careers Organization), furnished the digital geologic map and list of 120 map units, devised the first model for within-landslide susceptibility, conceived the tests of the model-particularly normalization of the post-1967 landslide data, and contributed to the pamphlet. Sebastian Roberts (USGS and Environmental Careers Organization) digitized the original 1:24,000-scale landslide maps and map positions of the post-1967 landslides, compiled the digital data on geology, ground slope, landslide inventory, post-1967 landsliding, and land use in the Arc/Info geographic information system, wrote the Arc Macro Language (AML) to make computations, computed the first set of susceptibility values, and created the earliest versions of the 1:50,000-scale color map. Naomi B. Kalman (USGS and Environmental Careers Organization) recompiled the digital data, adjusted the susceptibility and plot AMLs, computed the revised set of susceptibility values, made preliminary versions of pamphlet figures based on her database files, produced intermediate versions of the map, and served as a resource for later work on the project. Steven Sobieszczyk (USGS and Environmental Careers Organization) recompiled some of the digital data, rewrote the plot AML, computed the revised susceptibility values, created or modified color and monochrome illustrations for the map and pamphlet, prepared the final versions of the map, annotated and reformatted the map to conform to USGS publication standards, and made corrections to the map after technical reviews. He wrote the metadata for the digital file of the precursor publication, MF-2385. The authors thank Gerry Wieczorek and Ed Harp for reviews of the map and manuscript. Security_Information: Security_Classification_System: none Security_Classification: none Security_Handling_Description: none Native_Data_Set_Environment: The databases in this report were compiled in ARC/INFO, a commercial Geographic Information System (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California), with version 3.0 of the menu interface ALACARTE (Fitzgibbon and Wentworth, 1991, Fitzgibbon, 1991, Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991). The files are either in GRID (ARC/INFO raster data) Format or in COVERAGE (Arc/Info vector data). The grid and coverages are stored in uncompressed ARC export format (ARC/INFO version 7.2). ARC/INFO export files (files with the .e00 extension) can be converted into an ARC/INFO grid in ARC/INFO (see below) and can be read by some other geographic information systems, such as MapInfo via ArcLink and ESRI's ArcView (version 1.0 for Windows 3.11 is free from ESRI's web site: ). The digital compilation was done in version 7.2 of ARC/INFO with version 3.0 of the menu interface ALACARTE, using SunOS, 5.5.1, sun4u UNIX. Cross_Reference: Citation_Information: Title: Susceptibility to deep-seated landsliding modeled for the Oakland-Berkeley area, Northern California Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The attribute in this database resulted from mathematical modeling. Users should refer to the narrative accompanying the source map MF-2385 to assess if attribute is appropriate for their use. This report has undergone two scientific peer reviews, one digital database review, one review for conformity with geologic names policy, and review of the plotfiles for conformity with USGS map standards. Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment: Attribute_Accuracy_Value: Value refers to color within Arc/Info plot code table. Minimum of 1, maximum of 8 of landslide-susceptibility grid-cell value. Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation: Values 1-8 indicate increasing hazard of susceptibility to deep-seated landsliding. Logical_Consistency_Report: No additional checks for topological consistency were performed on this data set. Completeness_Report: This map shows modeled susceptibility to deep-seated landsliding for all seven quadrangles in the study area. The map product is entirely derived from existing digital map data sources. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Well-located data items are intended to have a horizontal accuracy within 1.2 mm at 1:50,000 scale, or within 30 meters on the ground. The position of each data item is derived from the USGS topographic base map, and therefore additional inaccuracies arising from inaccuracies in the base map may also be encountered. See Aitken (1997) for information on horizontal positional accuracy of the base maps. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: No vertical positional data recorded. See Aitken (1997) for information on vertical positional accuracy of the base maps used to create plotfiles of the geologic maps. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Nilsen, Tor Publication_Date: 1975 Title: Preliminary photo-interpretation maps of landslide and other surficial deposits of 56 7.5-minute quadrangles, Alameda, Contra Costa, and Santa Clara Counties, California Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: none Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report Issue_Identification: 75-277 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: none Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1975 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Nilsen 1975 Source_Contribution: landslide inventory data Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Graymer, R.W. Publication_Date: 2000 Title: Geologic map and map database of the Oakland metropolitan area, Alameda, Contra Costa, and San Francisco Counties, California Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Issue_Identification: MF-2342 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/map-mf/mf2342/ Source_Scale_Denominator: 50,000 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2000 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Graymer 2000 Source_Contribution: outlines of geologic units shown on geologic map of same region Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey Publication_Date: 2000 Title: San Francisco Bay Area 24K Digital Elevation Model Database (30 meters) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://bard.wr.usgs.gov/htmldir/dem_html/index.html Source_Scale_Denominator: 24000 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2000 Source_Currentness_Reference: date data were obtained for this project Source_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Source_Contribution: digital elevation values at 30-m resolution Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Pike, Richard J. Originator: Graymer, Russell W. Originator: Roberts, Sebastian Originator: Kalman, Naomi B. Originator: Sobieszczyk, Steven Publication_Date: 2001 Title: Map and map database of susceptibility to slope failure by sliding and earthflow in the Oakland area, California Edition: 1.1 Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map Series_Information: Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Issue_Identification: MF-2385 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Online_Linkage: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/map-mf/mf2385 Source_Scale_Denominator: 50000 Type_of_Source_Media: online Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2001 Source_Currentness_Reference: date data were processed for this report Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Susceptibility Source_Contribution: 30-m grid cells showing 8 levels of relative hazard posed by deep-seated landsliding in the 7-quadrangle greater Oakland Project Impact area Process_Step: Process_Description: Seven 1:24,000-scale Mylar map overlays, containing 6,714 old landslide deposits outlined manually by Tor Nilsen (USGS ofr 75-277), were scanned and digitized by autovectorizing software. These polygon Arc/Info coverages were gridded and analysed in the Arc/Info GRID module. A two-stage AML program was written to create a susceptibility grid by combining the new landslide grid with the geologic-units grid (MF-2342) and slope gradient calculated from USGS 30-m DEMs (). A second susceptibility grid, of point locations of 1,192 recent small landslides digitized from 1:62,500-scale paper USGS maps (see USGS MF-2385), was created to refine susceptibility values for grid cells located within the old landslide deposits. The two susceptibility grids were combined to create the final map (USGS MF-2385). Five other coverage layers not included in the analysis served as referencing layers in the final map publication: water, highways, road network, terrain contours, and cultural base (). These coverage layers are included in this publication to facilitate reproduction of the final map. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Nilsen 1975 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Graymer 2000 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: DEM Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Susceptibility Process_Date: 2000 Process_Step: Process_Description: Data layers for the base map for the landslide susceptibility plotfiles were derived from published digital maps (Aitken, 1997) obtained from . Export files of the five coverages comprising the final version of the map are: File name Coverage contents MF-2385_5a.e00 drain drainage MF-2385_5b.e00 culture culture, including names MF-2385_5c.e00 roads street pattern, road network MF-2385_5d.e00 hwys interstate highways MF-2385_5e.e00 hydro streams, lakes, bays, rivers Process_Date: 2000 Process_Step: Process_Description: Adaptation of the 1:50,000-scale landslide-hazard map MF-2385 (source Susceptibility) to this report. Three inset maps on the MF-2385 map showing examples of source data were removed, leaving only the main seven-quadrangle map showing landslide susceptibility. Map was retitled to reflect current landslide nomenclature. Minor changes were made to the collar information. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Susceptibility Process_Date: 2001 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 1394 Column_Count: 1122 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: UTM_Zone_Number:10 Universal_Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.00000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 30.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 30.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1927 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.4 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.98 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Susceptibility to deep-seated landsliding grid cell Entity_Type_Definition: Any grid cell in susgrd_utm Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: Grid cell value Attribute_Definition: Susceptibility value multiplied by 100 to generate integer value. Susceptibility is defined for each geologic-map unit as the areal percentage of terrain occupied by old landslide deposits, adjusted locally by ground-slope gradient. Susceptibility of each 30-m grid cell lying between old landslide deposits is read directly from a slope histogram for each geologic-map unit, as the percentage (0.00 to 0.90) of cells in each one-degree slope interval that coincides with the deposits. Susceptibility for grid cells within landslide deposits (0.00 to 1.33) is this same percentage raised by a multiplier (1.33) derived from the comparative frequency of 1,192 post-1967 landslides mapped within and outside the old deposits. Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 133 Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: susgrd_utm.VAT Entity_Type_Definition: grid source data Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ARC/INFO Attribute: Attribute_Label: record Attribute_Definition: record number for cell Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 109 Attribute: Attribute_Label: Value Attribute_Definition: assigned susceptibility cell Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 133 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: landslide susceptibility Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Attribute: Attribute_Label: count Attribute_Definition: number of cells with same assigned value Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 12 Range_Domain_Maximum: 345386 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: number of grid cells Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1 Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: Almost all attributes in the attribute table of the grid included in the report are set or calculated by the Arc/Info GIS. The only exception is "count." The boundary of the grid is xmin = 554596.775, xmax = 588256.775, ymin = 4164296.500, and ymax = 4206116.500. Statistics of the grid include a minimum value of 0, a maximum of 133, a mean of 13.24 and a standard deviation of 18.11. There are 110 values included and 8 bytes of attribute data. Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/ Distribution_Information: Resource_Description: USGS Scientific Investigations Report SIR 2007-5196 Distribution_Liability: Information in this data set is approved for release to the public by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey. This information has been reviewed but may still contain errors or inconsistencies, of which we would like to be made aware. Generally USGS data is not intended for use in navigation. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the USGS regarding the utility of the data on any other system, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. No responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of these data. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ArcInfo GRID Format_Version_Number: 7.2.1 Format_Information_Content: 30-m grid File_Decompression_Technique: unzip Transfer_Size: 840 KB Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5196/ Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20011130 20040429 20060831 Metadata_Review_Date: 2007 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Richard J. Pike Contact_Position: Research Geologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 345 Middlefield Road, Mail Stop 973 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4947 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650-329-4936 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: rpike@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Access_Constraints: none Metadata_Use_Constraints: Users should acknowledge the authors and the U.S. Geological Survey if data used to derive products. Users should check with USGS western publications website prior to use to check for revisions or updates. This hazard map is intended as a tool for regional evaluation and planning only. Any site-specific planning or analysis should be undertaken by, or with the assistance of, a qualified geotechnical engineer or engineering geologist. This hazard map is not to be used as a substitute for the State of California Landslide Hazard Zones map for the same area (See California Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology, 1999). As previously noted by Wieczorek and others (1985) for maps of this type, this map should not be used as a basis to determine the absolute risk from shallow landslides at any locality, as the sole justification for zoning or rezoning any parcel, for detailed design of any utilities lifeline, for site-specific hazard-reduction planning, or for setting or modifying insurance rates. Users of this map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited for a scale of 1:50,000 means that higher resolution information, greater than 30 meter cell size, is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:50,000 (30m cell size) will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: none Metadata_Security_Classification: none Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: none Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile