Estimated Depth to Ground Water and Configuration of the Water Table in the Portland, Oregon Area

Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5059

Selected References (Bold Text Indicates Reference Cited In Report)

Alley, W.M., 1993, Geostatistical models, in Alley, W.M., ed., Regional ground-water quality: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 87-108.

Allison, I.S., 1978a, Late Pleistocene sediments and floods in the Willamette Valley: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, The Ore Bin, v. 40, no. 11, p. 177-191, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/publications/OG/OBv40n11.pdf

Allison, I.S., 1978b, Late Pleistocene sediments and floods in the Willamette Valley: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, The Ore Bin, v. 40, no. 12, p. 193- 202, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/publications/OG/OBv40n12.pdf

Beeson, M.H., Tolan, T.L., and Madin, I.P., 1989, Geologic map of the Lake Oswego quadrangle, Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties, Oregon: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Map GMS-59, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/publications/GMS/gms059.pdf

Beeson, M.H., Tolan, T.L., and Madin, I.P., 1991, Geologic map of the Portland quadrangle, Multnomah and Washington Counties, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Map GMS-75, 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/publications/GMS/gms075.pdf

Bexfield, L.M., 2002, Ground-water-level maps and how they are used to understand the aquifer, in Bartolino, J.R., and Cole, J.C., Ground-water resources of the Middle Rio Grande Basin, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1222, p. 48-49, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/cir/cir1222

Bossong, C.R., Karlinger, M.R., Troutman, B.M., and Vecchia, A.V., 1999, Overview and technical and practical aspects for use of geostatistics in hazardous-, toxic-, and radioactive-waste-site investigations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 98-4145, 70 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri984145

Bretz, J.H., 1969, The Lake Missoula floods and the Channeled Scabland: Journal of Geology, v. 77, no. 5, p. 505–543.

Brown, S.G., 1963, Problems of utilizing ground water in the west-side business district of Portland, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1619-O, 42 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp1619O

Brown and Caldwell, 1986, Evaluation of sump impacts on ground water in East Multnomah County: Report to Bureau of Environmental Services, City of Portland, Oregon, April 2, 1986, variously paged.

Burns, Scott, Growney, Lawrence, Brodersen, Brett, Yeats, R.S., and Popowski, T.A., 1997, Maps showing faults, bedrock geology, and sediment thickness of the western half of the Oregon City 1:100,000 quadrangle, Washington, Multnomah, Clackamas, and Marion Counties, Oregon: Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Interpretive Map Series IMS-4, 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000.

Century West Engineering, 1985, Lents area sump suitability study—A report on sump suitability and ground water conditions in the Lents area: Report to Bureau of Environmental Services, City of Portland, Oregon, August 1985, variously paged.

Collins, C.A., and Broad, T.M., 1993, Estimated average annual ground-water pumpage in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington, 1987-1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4018, 26 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri914018

Conlon, T.D., Wozniak, K.C., Woodcock, Douglas, Herrera, N.B., Fisher, B.J., Morgan, D.S., Lee, K.K., and Hinkle, S.R., 2005, Ground-water hydrology of the Willamette Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5168, 83 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/sir/sir20055168

Davis, J.C., 1986, Statistics and data analysis in geology (2d ed.): New York, John Wiley and Sons, 646 p.

Davis, J.C., 2002, Statistics and data analysis in geology (3d ed.): New York, John Wiley and Sons, 638 p.

Desbarats, A.J., Logan, C.E., Hinton, M.J., and Sharpe, D.R., 2002, On the kriging of water table elevations using collateral information from a digital elevation model: Journal of Hydrology, v. 255, p. 25-38, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00504-2

Deutsch, C.V., and Journel, A.G., 1998, GSLIB—Geostatistical software library and user’s guide (2d ed.): New York, Oxford University Press, 369 p.

Fetter, C.W., 1994, Applied hydrogeology (3d ed.): New York, Macmillan College Publishing Company, Inc., 691 p.

Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Groundwater: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 604 p.

Freeze, R.A., and Witherspoon, P.A., 1967, Theoretical analysis of regional groundwater flow-2–Effect of water-table configuration and subsurface permeability variation: Water Resources Research, v. 3, no. 2, p. 623-634.

Gannett, M.W., and Caldwell, R.R., 1998, Geologic framework of the Willamette Lowland aquifer system, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1424-A, 32 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1424A

Golden Software, Inc., 2002, Surfer 8—Contouring and 3D surface mapping for scientists and engineers, User’s guide: Golden, Colorado, Golden Software, Inc., 640 p. (software version 8.05), accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.goldensoftware.com/products/surfer/surfer.shtml

Griffin, W.C., Watkins, F.A., Jr., and Swenson, H.A., 1956, Water resources of the Portland, Oregon and Vancouver, Washington, area: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 372, 45 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/cir/cir372

Haitjema, H.M., and Mitchell-Bruker, Sherry, 2005, Are water tables a subdued replica of the topography?: Ground Water, v. 43, no. 6, p. 781–786, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2005.00090.x

Hartford, S.V., and McFarland, W.D., 1989, Lithology, thickness, and extent of hydrogeologic units underlying the east Portland area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4110, 23 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri884110

Hart, D.H., and Newcomb, R.C., 1965, Geology and ground water of the Tualatin Valley Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1697, 172 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp1697

Heath, R.C., 1983, Basic ground-water hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2220, 84 p.,accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp2220

Helsel, D.R., and Hirsch, R.M., 2002, Statistical methods in water resources: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey Book 4, Hydrologic Analysis and Interpretation, Chapter A3, 510 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/twri/twri04A3

Hinkle, S.R., 1997, Quality of shallow ground water in alluvial aquifers of the Willamette Basin, Oregon, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4082-B, 48 p., accessed May 17, 2008, athttp://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri974082B

Hinkle, S.R., and Snyder, D.T., 1997, Comparison of chlorofluorocarbon-age dating with particle-tracking results of a regional ground-water flow model of the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2483, 47 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp2483

Hogenson, G.M., and Foxworthy, B.L., 1965, Ground water in the East Portland area, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1793, 78 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp1793

Holtschlag, D.J., and Koschik, J.A., 2004, Hydrodynamic simulation and particle-tracking techniques for identification of source areas to public water intakes on the St. Clair-Detroit River Waterway in the Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5072, 29 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/sir/sir20045072

King, F.H., 1892, Observations and experiments on the fluctuations in the level and rate of movement of ground-water on the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station farm and at Whitewater, Wisconsin: U.S. Weather Bureau Bulletin 5, 75 p.

King, F.H., 1899, Principles and conditions of the movement of ground water: U.S. Geological Survey 19th Annual Report, part 2, p. 59-294, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ar/ar19

Latham, Baldwin, 1878, Indications of the movement of subterranean water in the Chalk formation, in Report of the Forty-Seventh Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Plymouth, [England], August 1877, Notices and Abstracts of Miscellaneous Communications to the Sections, Mechanical Science, p. 207-216, 1 sheet, scale 1:63,360.. [Clarification: these are physical pages 549-560, as this document has sections with duplicate page numbers], accessed May 17, 2008, at http://visualiseur.bnf.fr/CadresFenetre?O=NUMM-78160&I=549&M=tdm

Lee, K.K., 2002, Holgate Lake—An example of ground-water flooding in Portland, Oregon [abs.]: American Institute of Hydrology 2002 Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon, October 13-17, 2002, p. 17.

Leighton, Jeff, and Porcello, John, 2001, Deep aquifer yield groundwater flow model—Report on model development, calibration, and testing: Portland, Oregon, City of Portland Bureau of Water Works and CH2MHILL, July 2001, variously paged.

Leonard, A.R., and Collins, C.A., 1983, Ground water in the northern part of Clackamas County, Oregon: Oregon Water Resources Department Ground Water Report 29, 85 p.

Lohman, S.W., 1972a, Definitions of selected ground-water terms—Revisions and conceptual refinements: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1988, 21 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp1988

Lohman, S.W., 1972b, Ground-water hydraulics: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 708, 70 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp708

Low, D.J., Hippe, D.J., and Yannacci, Dawna, 2002, Geohydrology of southeastern Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4166, 347 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri004166

Madin, I.P., 1990, Earthquake hazard geology maps of the Portland metropolitan area: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Open-File Report O-90-2, 21 p., 8 sheets, scale 1:24,000.

Madin, I.P., 1994, Geologic map of the Damascus quadrangle, Clackamas and Multnomah Counties, Oregon: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Map GMS-60, 9 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:24,000, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/publications/GMS/gms060.pdf

Madin, I.P., 1998, Earthquake-hazard geologic maps of the Portland, Oregon metropolitan area in Rogers, A.M., Walsh, T.J., Kockelman, W.J., and Priest, G.R., eds., Assessing earthquake hazards and reducing risk in the Pacific Northwest—Volume 2: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1560, p. 355-370, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1560

McCarthy, K.A., and Anderson, D.B., 1990, Ground-water data for the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-126, 56 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr90126

McFarland, W.D., and Morgan, D.S., 1996, Description of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2470-A, 58 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp2470A

Meinzer, O.E., 1923, The occurrence of ground water in the United States, with a discussion of principles: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 489, 321 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp489

Minervini, J.M., O’Connor, J.E., and Wells, R.E., 2003, Maps showing inundation depths, ice-rafted erratics, and sedimentary facies of Late Pleistocene Missoula Floods in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 03-408, 1 sheet, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr2003408

Morgan, D.S., and McFarland, W.D., 1996, Simulation analysis of the ground-water flow system in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2470-B, 83 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp2470B

Morgan, D.S., and Weatherby, D.G., 1992, Bibliography of hydrogeology for the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-473, 138 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/ofr/ofr91473

O’Connor, J.E., Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., Wozniak, K.C., Polette, D.J., and Fleck, R.J., 2001, Origin, extent, and thickness of Quaternary geologic units in the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1620, 52 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1620

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2005a, Water pollution control facilities permit for Class V stormwater underground injection control systems—Issued to City of Portland: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Northwest Region, Permit number 102830, File number 111885, June 1, 2005, 38 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/wqpermit/docs/individual/wpcf/permit.pdf

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 2005b, Fact sheet and Class V underground injection control (UIC) WPCF permit evaluation: Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Northwest Region, Permit number 102830, File number 111885, June 1, 2005, 59 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/wqpermit/docs/individual/wpcf/evalrpt.pdf

Oregon Water Resources Department, 2006, Water rights in Oregon—An introduction to Oregon’s water laws: Salem, Oregon, August, 2006, 45 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www1.wrd.state.or.us/pdfs/aquabook.pdf

Orzol, L.L., Wozniak, K.C., Meissner, T.R., and Lee, D.B., 2000, Ground-water and water-chemistry data for the Willamette Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99-4036, 141 p., plus CD-ROM, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri994036

Pannatier, Yvan, 1996, VARIOWIN–Software for spatial data analysis in 2D: New York, Springer-Verlag, 91 p. (software version 2.21), accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www-sst.unil.ch/research/variowin/

Parametrix, Inc., 1991a, East Multnomah County database and model—Final phase II work plan: Bellevue, Washington, prepared for Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, dated January 1991, variously paged.

Parametrix, Inc., 1991b, East Multnomah County database and model—Final geologic interpretation detailed modeling area—Volume I—Text and cross-sections: Bellevue, Washington, prepared for Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, dated July 30, 1991, variously paged.

Parametrix, Inc., 1991c, East Multnomah County database and model—Final geologic interpretation detailed modeling area—Volume II—Hydrogeologic unit thickness and elevation maps: Bellevue, Washington, prepared for Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, dated July 30, 1991, variously paged.

Peck, M.F., and Payne, D.F., 2003, Development of an estimated water-table map for coastal Georgia and adjacent parts of Florida and South Carolina, in Hatcher, K.J., ed., Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Water Resources Conference, April 23–24, 2003, at the University of Georgia: Institute of Ecology, Athens, Georgia, University of Georgia, p. 871-874, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://ga.water.usgs.gov/pubs/other/gwrc2003/pdf/Peck_Payne-GWRC2003.pdf

Phillips, W.M., 1987, Geologic map of the Vancouver Quadrangle, Washington and Oregon: Washington Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Earth Sciences Open-File Report 87-10, 32 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:100,000.

Piper, A.M., 1942, Ground-water resources of the Willamette Valley, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 890, 194 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp890

Quan, E.L., Sweet, H.R., and Illian, J.R., 1974, Subsurface sewage disposal and contamination of ground water in east Portland, Oregon: Ground Water, v. 12, no. 6, special issue v. 1, p. 356-368, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1974.tb03045.x

Russell, R.R., 1963, Ground-water levels in Illinois through 1961: Urbana, Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Department of Registration and Education, Report of Investigation 45, 51 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/pubs/pubdetail.asp?CallNumber=ISWS+RI%2D45

Schlicker, H.G., Deacon, R.J., and Twelker, N.H., 1964, Earthquake geology of the Portland area, Oregon: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, The Ore Bin v. 26, no. 12, p. 209-230, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://www.oregongeology.com/sub/publications/OG/OBv26n12.pdf

Schlicker, H.G., and Finlayson, C.T., 1979, Geology and geologic hazards of northwestern Clackamas County, Oregon: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Bulletin 99, 79 p.

Sepúlveda, Nicasio, 2002, Simulation of ground-water flow in the intermediate and Floridan aquifer systems in peninsular Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4009, 130 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri024009

Shannon and Wilson, Inc., 1978, Drainage sump study Lents and Foster-Powell areas storm and sanitary sewer study, Portland, Oregon: Consulting report to Brown and Caldwell Consulting Engineers, 11 p.

Shannon and Wilson, Inc., 1979, Drainage sump capacity study East Portland: Consulting report to the City of Portland, 61 p.

Snyder, D.T., Morgan, D.S., and McGrath, T.S., 1994, Estimation of ground-water recharge from precipitation, runoff into drywells, and on-site waste-disposal systems within the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4010, 34 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri924010

Snyder, D.T., Wilkinson, J.M., and Orzol, L.L., 1998, Use of a ground-water flow model with particle tracking to evaluate ground-water vulnerability, Clark County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2488, 63 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wsp/wsp2488

S.S. Papadopulos and Associates, Inc., 1991, East Multnomah County database and model—Preliminary ground-water flow model report: prepared for Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Portland, Oregon, 60 p. (plus figures, tables, and appendices).

Swanson, R.D., McFarland, W.D., Gonthier, J.B., and Wilkinson, J.W., 1993, A description of hydrogeologic units in the Portland Basin, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4196, 56 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri904196

Taylor, C.J., and Alley, W.M., 2002, Ground-water-level monitoring and the importance of long-term water-level data: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1217, 68 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/cir/cir1217

Taylor, G.H., and Hannan, Chris, 1999, The climate of Oregon: From rain forest to desert: Corvallis, Oregon, Oregon State University Press, 224 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://oregonstate.edu/dept/press/c-d/ClimateOR.html

Tóth, J., 1963, A theoretical analysis of groundwater flow in small drainage basins: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 68, no. 16, p. 4795–4812.

Treasher, R.C., 1942a, Geologic history of the Portland area: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries GMI Short Paper 7, 17 p.

Treasher, R.C., 1942b, Geologic map of the Portland area, Oregon: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Map M-42, 1 sheet, scale 1:96,000.

Trimble, D.E., 1957, Geology of the Portland quadrangle, Oregon-Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-104, 1 sheet, scale 1:62,500, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/gq/gq104

Trimble, D.E., 1963, Geology of Portland, Oregon and adjacent areas–A study of Tertiary and Quaternary deposits, lateritic weathering profiles, and of Quaternary history of part of the Pacific Northwest: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1119, 119 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/b/b1119.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1980, Ground water, Chapter 2 of National handbook of recommended methods for water-data acquisition: Office of Water Data Coordination, 149 p.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, US GeoData digital elevation models: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 040-00, 2 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/fs/fs04000

U.S. Water Resources Council, 1980, Essentials of ground-water hydrology pertinent to water-resources planning: Washington, D.C., U.S. Water Resources Council Hydrology Committee Bulletin 16 (revised), 38 p.

Veeger, A.I., and Johnston, H.E., 1996, Hydrogeology and water resources of Block Island, Rhode Island, with a section on Geology, by B.D. Stone and L.A. Sirkin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4096, 68 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/wri/wri944096

Waitt, R.B., Jr., 1985, Case for periodic, colossal jökulhlaups from Pleistocene glacial Lake Missoula: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 96, no. 10, p. 1271–1286, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1985)96<1271:CFPCJF>2.0.CO;2

Waitt, R.B., Jr., and O’Connor, J.E., 2000, Colossal Missoula Floods through channeled scablands and Columbia Valley: Geological Society of the Oregon Country, President’s Annual Field Trip, September 2000, 40 p.

Williams, T.A., and Williamson, A.K., 1989, Estimating water-table altitudes for regional ground-water flow modeling, U.S. Gulf Coast: Ground Water, v. 27, no. 3, p. 333–340, accessed May 17, 2008, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1989.tb00457.x

Woodward, D.G., Gannett, M.W., and Vaccaro, J.J., 1998, Hydrogeologic framework of the Willamette Lowland aquifer system, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1424-B, 82 p., accessed May 17, 2008, at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/usgspubs/pp/pp1424B

Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices

U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5059
Page Contact Information: Publications Team
Page Last Modified: Thursday, 10-Jan-2013 18:51:32 EST