Skip Links

USGS - science for a changing world

Scientific Investigations Report 2009–5119

Reconnaissance of Pharmaceutical Chemicals in Urban Streams of the Tualatin River Basin, Oregon, 2002

References Cited

Barnes, K.K., Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., Meyer, M.T., and Barber, L.B., 2008, A national reconnaissance of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants in the United States—I) Groundwater: Science of the Total Environment, v. 402, no. 2-3, p. 192­–200.

Barnes, K.K., Kolpin, D.W., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, M., Furlong, E.T., Zaugg, S.D., and Barber, L.B., 2002, Water-quality data for pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999–2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 02-94, 7 p. plus tables.

Bedner, M., and MacCrehan, W.A., 2006, Transformation of acetaminophen by chlorination­­­­­ produces the toxicants 1,4-benzoquinone and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 40, p. 516–522.

Bonn, B., 2008a, Tualatin River flow management technical committee annual data report for 2007: Clean Water Services and Oregon Water Resources Department, accessed November 21, 2008, at http://www.co.washington.or.us/deptmts/wtr_mstr/downloads/FlowReport2007.pdf.

Bonn, B.A., 2008b, Using the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory LT-MDL to evaluate and analyze data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1227, 73 p.

Buerge, I.J., Poiger, T., Müller, M.D., and Buser, H-R., 2003, Caffeine, an anthropogenic marker for wastewater contamination of surface waters: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, p. 691–700.

Buser, H-R., Müller, M.D., and Theobald, N., 1998, Occurrence of the pharmaceutical drug clofibric acid and the herbicide mecoprop in various Swiss lakes and in the North Sea: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 32, p. 188–192.

Cahill, J.D., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Kolpin, D.W., and Anderson, L.G., 2004, Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface- and ground-water samples by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Journal of Chromatography A, v. 1041, p. 171–180.

Calamari, D., Zuccato, E., Castiglioni, S., Bagnati, R., and Fanelli, R., 2003, Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs in the rivers Po and Lambro in northern Italy: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, p. 1241–1248.

Childress, C.J.O., Foreman, W.T., Connor, B.F., and Maloney, T.J., 1999, New reporting procedures based on long-term method detection levels and some considerations for interpretations of water-quality data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-193, 19 p.

Clara, M., Strenn, B., and Kreuzinger, N., 2004, Carbamazepine as a possible anthropogenic marker in the aquatic environment: Investigations on the behaviour of Carbamazepine in wastewater treatment and during groundwater infiltration: Water Research, v. 38, no. 4, p. 947–954.

Clean Water Services, 2002, Durham wastewater treatment facility brochure: accessed April 6, 2009, at http://www.cleanwaterservices.org/content/documents/About%20Us/Durham%20Brochure.pdf.

Daughton, C.G., and Ternes, T.A., 1999, Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change?: Environmental Health Perspectives, v. 107, Supplement 6, p. 907–938.

Edwards, T.K., and Glysson, G.D., 1999, Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. C2, 89 p.

Ferreira, A.P., 2005, Caffeine as an environmental indicator for assessing urban aquatic ecosystems: Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1884–1892.

Furlong, E.T., Werner, S.L., Anderson, B.D., and Cahill, J.D., 2008, Determination of human-health pharmaceuticals in filtered water by chemically modified styrene-divinylbenzene resin-based solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 5, sec. B, chap. B5, 56 p.

Gagné, F., Blaise, C., and André, C., 2006, Occurrence of pharmaceutical products in a municipal effluent and toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v. 64, p. 329–336.

Glassmeyer, S.T., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Cahill, J.D., Zaugg, S.D., Werner, S.L., Meyer, M.T., and Kryak, D.D., 2005, Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: Potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 39, p. 5157–5169.

Guerreiro, S., Toulorge, D., Hirsch, E., Marien, M., Sokoloff, P., and Michel, P., 2008, Paraxanthine—the primary metabolite of caffeine—provides protection against dopaminergic cell death via stimulation of ryanodine receptor channels: Molecular Pharmacology, v. 74, no. 4, p. 980–989.

Guo, Y.C., and Krasner, S.W., 2009, Occurrence of primidone, carbamazepine, caffeine, and precursors for N-nitrosodimethylamine in drinking water sources impacted by wastewater: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 45, no. 1, p. 58–67.

Halling-Sørensen, B., Nors Nielsen, S., Lanzky, P.F., Ingerslev, F., Holten Lützhøft, H.C., and Jørgensen, S.E., 1998, Occurrence, fate and effects of pharmaceutical substances in the environment – A review: Chemosphere, v. 36, no. 2, p. 357–393.

Han, G.H., Hur, H.G., and Kim, S.D., 2006, Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants in Korea—Occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 25, no. 1, p. 265–271.

Hinkle, S.R., Weick, R.J., Johnson, J.M., Cahill, J.D., Smith, S.G., and Rich, B.J., 2005, Organic wastewater compounds, pharmaceuticals, and coliphage in groundwater receiving discharge from onsite wastewater treatment systems near La Pine, Oregon—Occurrence and implications for transport: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5055, 98 p.

Homer, C., Dewitz, J., Fry, J., Coan, M., Hossain, N., Larson, C., Herold, N., McKerrow, A., VanDriel, J.N., and Wickham, J., 2007, Completion of the 2001 National Land Cover Database for the conterminous United States: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 73, no. 4, p. 337–341.

Jones, O.A.H., Voulvoulis, N., and Lester, J.N., 2005, Human pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment processes: Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, v. 35, p. 401–427.

Karthikeyan, K.G., and Meyer, M.T., 2006, Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 361, p. 196–207.

Kaufman, D.W., Kelly, J.P., Rosenberg, L., Anderson, T.E., and Mitchell, A.A., 2002, Recent patterns of medication use in the ambulatory adult population of the United States: Journal of the American Medical Association, v. 287, no. 3, p. 337–344.

Kim, Y., Choi, K., Jung, J., Park, S., Kim, P., and Park, J., 2007, Aquatic toxicity of acetaminophen, carbamazepine, cimetidine, diltiazem and six major sulfonamides, and their potential ecological risks in Korea: Environment International, v. 33, no. 3, p. 370–375.

Kolpin, D.W., Furlong, E.T., Meyer, M.T., Thurman, E.M., Zaugg, S.D., Barber, L.B., and Buxton, H.T., 2002, Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000—A national reconnaissance: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 36, p. 1202–1211.

Kolpin, D.W., Skopec, M., Meyer, M.T., Furlong, E.T., and Zaugg, S.D., 2004, Urban contribution of pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater contaminants to streams during differing flow conditions: Science of the Total Environment, v. 328, p. 119–130.

Lewis, M.E., and Zaugg, S.D., 2003, Wastewater, pharmaceutical, and antibiotic compounds, in Wilde, F.D., and Radtke, D.B., eds., National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A5, part 5.6.1.F, accessed November 21, 2008, at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A5/.

Löffler, D., Römbke, J., Meller, M., and Ternes, T.A., 2005, Environmental fate of pharmaceuticals in water/sediment systems: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 39, p. 5209–5218.

Nilsen, E.B., Rosenbauer, R.R., Furlong, E.T., Burkhardt, M.R., Werner, S.L., Greaser, L., and Noriega, M., 2007, Pharmaceuticals, personal care products and anthropogenic waste indicators detected in streambed sediments of the lower Columbia River and selected tributaries: Costa Mesa, CA, 6th International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water, National Ground Water Association, Paper 4483, p. 15.

Oetken, M., Nentwig, G., Löffler, D., Ternes, T., and Oehlmann, J., 2005, Effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic invertebrates, Part I, The antiepileptic drug carbamazepine: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 49, p. 353–361.

Phillips, P.J., Stinson, B., Zaugg, S.D., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Esposito, K.M., Bodniewicz, B., Pape, R., and Anderson, J., 2005, A multi-disciplinary approach to the removal of emerging contaminants in municipal wastewater treatment plants in New York State, 2003-2004: Washington DC, Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation WEFTEC 78th Annual Technical Exhibition and Conference, November 2005, p. 5095–5124.

Sankararamakrishnan, N., and Guo, Q., 2005, Chemical tracers as indicator of human fecal coliforms at storm water outfalls: Environment International, v. 31, p. 1133–1140.

Seiler, R.L., Zaugg, S.D., Thomas, J.M., and Howcroft, D.L., 1999, Caffeine and pharmaceuticals as indicators of waste water contamination in wells: Ground Water, v. 37, no. 3, p. 405–410.

Shelton, L.R., 1994, Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-455, 42 p.

Standley, L.J., Kaplan, L.A., and Smith, D., 2000, Molecular tracers of organic matter sources to surface water resources, Environmental Science and Technology, v. 34, p. 3124–3130.

Stoeckel, D.M., Mathes, M.V., Hyer, K.E., Hagedorn, C., Kator, H., Lukasik, J., O’Brien, T.L., Fenger, T.W., Samadpour, M., Strickler, K.M., and Wiggins, B.A., 2004, Comparison of seven protocols to identify fecal contamination sources using Escherichia coli: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, p. 6109–6117.

Ternes, T.A., 1998, Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers: Water Research, v. 32, no. 11, p. 3245–3260.

Ternes, T.A., Joss, A., and Siegrist, H., 2004, Scrutinizing pharmaceuticals and personal care products in wastewater treatment: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 38, no. 20, p. 393A–399A.

The Merck Index-an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals, 1989, (11th ed.): Rahway, N.J., Merck, 1 v. [variously paged].

U.S. Census Bureau, 2006, State and County QuickFacts: accessed November 21, 2008, at http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/41067.html.

Verstraeten, I.M., Fetterman, G.S., Meyer, M.T., Bullen, T., and Sebree, S.K., 2005, Use of tracers and isotopes to evaluate vulnerability of water in domestic wells to septic waste: Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation, v. 25, no. 2, p. 107–117.

Wells, M.J.M., 2006, Log DOW: Key to understanding and regulating wastewater-derived contaminants: Environmental Chemistry, v. 3, p. 439–449.

Wilde, F.D., Radtke, D.B., Gibs, J., and Iwatsubo, R.T., eds., 2004, Processing of water samples (version 2.1), in Wilde, F.D., and Radtke, D.B., eds., National field manual for the collection of water-quality data: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A5, accessed November 21, 2008, at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A5/

Wilkison, D.H., Armstrong, D.J., Norman, R.D., Poulton, B.C., Furlong, E.T., and Zaugg, S.D., 2006, Water quality in the Blue River basin, Kansas City metropolitan area, Missouri and Kansas, July 1998 to October 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5147, 170 p.

Wilson, B.A., Smith, V.H., Denoyelles Jr., F., and Larive, C.K., 2003, Effects of three pharmaceutical and personal care products on natural freshwater algae assemblages: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 37, p. 1713–1719.

Wu, J., Yue, J., Hu, R., Yang, Z., and Zhang, L., 2008, Use of caffeine and human pharmaceutical compounds to identify sewage contamination: Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, v. 34, 438–442.

  • Podcast

For additional information contact:
Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov

Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge.

Accessibility FOIA Privacy Policies and Notices

Take Pride in America logo USA.gov logo U.S. Department of the Interior | U.S. Geological Survey
URL: http:// pubsdata.usgs.gov /pubs/sir/2009/5119/section8.html
Page Contact Information: Contact USGS
Page Last Modified: Thursday, 10-Jan-2013 19:35:26 EST