References Cited

American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999, Topographic surveying—Technical engineering and design guides as adapted from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, no. 29: American Society of Civil Engineers, 95 p.

Bakke, P.D., Basdekas, P.O., Dawdy, D.R., and Klingeman, P.C., 1999, Calibrated Parker-Klingeman model for gravel transport: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 125, p. 657–660.

Bowling, L.C., Storck, Pascal, and Lettenmaier, D.P., 2000, Hydrologic effects of logging in Western Washington, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 11, p. 3223–3240.

Buffington, J.M., and Montgomery, D.R., 1999, Effects of sediment supply on surface textures of gravel-bed rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 11, p. 3523-3530.

Bunte, Kristin, and Abt, S.R., 2001, Sampling surface and subsurface particle-size distributions in wadable gravel and cobble-bed streams for analyses in sediment transport, hydraulics, and stream-bed monitoring: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-74, 428 p.

Burgette, R.J., Weldon II, R.J., and Schmidt, D.A., 2009, Interseismic uplift rates for western Oregon and along-strike variation in locking on the Cascadia subduction zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 114, p. B01408. doi:10.1029/2008JB005679.

Chetco Watershed Council, 1995, Chetco River assessment: Chetco Watershed Council, 28 p.

Childers, Dallas, 1992, Field comparison of four pressure-difference bedload samplers in high-energy flows: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4068, 59 p.

Church, Michael, 1983, Pattern of instability in a wandering gravel bed channel, in Collinson, J.D., and Lewis, J., eds., Modern and ancient fluvial systems: International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 6, p. 169–180.

Church, Michael, 1988, Floods in cold climates, in Baker, V.R., Kochel, R.C., and Patton, P.C., eds., Flood geomorphology: New York, John Wiley and Sons, 
p. 205–229.

Church, Michael, McLean, D.G., and Wolcott, D.F., 1987, River bed gravels: sampling and analysis, in Thorne, C.R., Bathurst, J.C., and Hey, R.D., eds., Sediment transport in gravel-bed rivers: Chichester, John Wiley and Sons, p. 43–88.

Collins, B.D., and Dunne, Thomas, 1989, Gravel transport, gravel harvesting, and channel-bed degradation in rivers draining the southern Olympic mountains, Washington, U.S.A.: Environmental Geology, v. 13, no. 3, p. 213–224.

Dietrich, W.E., Kirchner, J.W., Ikeda, Hiroshi, and Iseya, Fujiko, 1989, Sediment supply and the development of the coarse surface later in gravel-bedded rivers: Nature, v. 340, no. 6230, p. 215–217.

Edwards, T.K., and Glysson, G.D., 1999, Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 3, chap. C2, 89 p., accessed July 19, 2009, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-c2/.

Emmett, W.W., 1980, A field calibration of the sediment-trapping characteristics of the Helley-Smith bedload sampler: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1139, 44 p.

Gaeuman, D.A., Schmidt, J.C., and Wilcock, P.R., 2003, Evaluation of inchannel gravel storage with morphology-based gravel budgets developed from planimetric data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 108, no. F1, p. 6001, doi:10.1029/2002JF000002.

Gilbert, G.K., and Murphy, E.C., 1914, The transportation of debris by running water: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 86, p. 263.

Gomez, Basil, 1991, Bedload transport: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 31, no. 2, p. 89–132.

Gomez, Basil, and Church, Michael, 1989, An assessment of bed load sediment transport formulas for gravel bed rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 25, p. 1161–1186.

Gurnell, A.M., 1997, Channel change on the River Dee meanders, 1946–1992, from the analysis of air photographs: Regulated Rivers: Research and Management, v. 13, p. 13–26.

Ham, D.G., and Church, Michael, 2000, Bed-material transport estimated from channel morphodynamics—Chilliwack River, British Columbia: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 25, p. 1123–1142.

Harden, D.R., 1995, A comparison of flood-producing storms and their impacts in northwestern California, in Nolan, K.M., Kelsey, H.M., and Marron, D.C., eds., Geomorphic processes and aquatic habitat in the Redwood Creek basin, northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1454, p. D1–D9.

Hickey, J.J., 1969, Variations in low-water streambed elevations at selected stream-gaging stations in northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1879–E, 33 p.

Hicks, D.M., and Gomez, B., 2003, Sediment transport, in Kondolf, G.M. and Piegay, H., eds., Tools in fluvial geomorphology: Chichester, John Wiley and Sons, 
p. 425–461.

Hoey, T.B., and Ferguson, R.I., 1994, Numerical simulation of downstream fining by selective transport in gravel bed rivers—Model development and illustration: Water Resources Research, v. 30, p. 2251–2260.

Hughes, M.L., McDowell, P.F., and Marcus, W.A., 2005 [2006], Accuracy assessment of georectified aerial photographs—Implications for measuring lateral channel movement in GIS: Geomorphology, v. 74, p. 1–16.

Jones, J.A., and Grant, G.E., 1996, Long-term stormflow responses to clearcutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon: Water Resources Research, v. 32, no. 4, p. 959–974.

Jones, J.A., and Grant, G.E., 2001, Comment on “Peak flow responses to clear-cutting and roads in small and large basins, western Cascades, Oregon” by Jones, J.A., and Grant, G.E.: Water Resources Research, v. 37, no. 1, p. 179–180.

Kelsey, H.M., 1980, A sediment budget and an analysis of geomorphic process in the Van Duzen River basin, north coastal California, 1941–1975—Summary: Geological Society of American bulletin, v. 91, no. 4, p. 190–195.

Kelsey, H.M., and Bockheim, J.G., 1994, Coastal landscape evolution as a function of eustasy and surface uplift rate, Cascadia margin, southern Oregon: Geological Society of American Bulletin 106, p. 840–854.

Kelsey, H.M., Coghlan, Mike, Pitlick, John, and Best, David, 1995, Geomorphic analysis of streamside landslides in the Redwood Creek basin, northwestern California, in Nolan, K.M., Kelsey, H.M., and Marron, D.C., eds., Geomorphic processes and aquatic habitat in the Redwood Creek basin, northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1454, p. J1–J12.

Kelsey, H.M., Engebretson, D.C., Mitchell, C.E., and Ticknor, R.L., 1994, Topographic form of the Coast Ranges of the Cascadia margin in relation to coastal uplift rates and plate subduction: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. B6 p.12245–12255.

Klingeman, P.C., 1973, Indications of streambed degradation in the Willamette Valley: WRRI–21, Water Resources Research Institute Report WRRI–21, Corvallis, Department of Civil Engineering, Oregon State University, 99 p.

Klingeman, P.C., 1993, Chetco River, Oregon—Hydrologic/hydraulic/morphologic analyses of navigability: Report to Oregon Department of Justice, 47 p.

Kodama, Yoshinori, 1994, Downstream changes in the lithology and grain size of fluvial gravels, the Watarase River, Japan; evidence of the role of abrasion in downstream fining: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 64, p. 68–75.

Komar, P.D., 1997, The Pacific Northwest coast—Living with the shores of Oregon and Washington: Durham, North Carolina, Duke University Press, 195 p.

Kondolf, G.M., 1994, Geomorphic and environmental effects of instream gravel mining: Landscape and Urban Planning, v. 28, no. 2–3, p. 225–243.

Kondolf, G.M., 1997, Hungry water—Effects of dams and gravel mining on river channels: Environmental Management, v. 21, no. 4, p. 533–551.

Kondolf, G.M., Lisle, T.E., and Wolman, G.M., 2003, Bed sediment measurement, in Kondolf, G.M., and Piegay, H., eds., Tools in fluvial geomorphology: Chichester, John Wiley and Sons, p. 347–395.

Kulm., L.D., and Byrne, J.V., 1966, Sediment response to hydrography in an Oregon estuary: Marine Geology, v. 4, p. 85–118.

Lindsay, J.B., and Ashmore, P.E., 2002, The effects of survey frequency on estimates of scour and fill in a braided river model: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 27, p. 27–43.

Lisle, T.E., 1981, Recovery of aggraded stream channels at gauging stations in northern California and southern Oregon, erosion and sediment transport in Pacific Rim steeplands, in Davies, T.R.H., and Pearce, A.J., eds., International Association of Hydrological Sciences: AISH Publication 132, p. 189–211.

Lisle, T.E., 1995, Particle size variations between bed load and bed material in natural gravel bed channels: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 4, p. 1107–1118.

Lisle, T.E., Nelson, J.M., Pitlick, John, Madej, M.A., and Barkett, B.L., 2000, Variability of bed mobility in natural, gravel-bed channels and adjustments to sediment load at local and reach scales: Water Resources Research, v. 36, no. 12, p. 3743–3755.

MFG, Inc., Graham Matherws and Associates, and Alice Berg and Associates, 2006, Assessment of the lower Smith River: Report prepared for County of Del Norte, Crescent City, California, 41 p.

Mackin, J.H., 1948, Concept of the graded river: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 59, p. 463–512.

Madej, M.A., 1995, Changes in channel-stored sediment, Redwood Creek, northwestern California, 1947 to 1980, in Nolan, K.M., Kelsey, H.M., and Marron, D.C., eds., Geomorphic processes and aquatic habitat in the Redwood Creek basin, northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1454, p. O1–O27.

Maguire, Mike, 2001, Chetco River watershed assessment: Gold Beach, Oregon, Chetco River Watershed Council by the South Coast Watershed Council, 106 p.

Marquess and Associates, Inc., 1980, Chectco River survey and permit analysis: Medford, Oregon, Marquess and Associates, Inc., 12 p.

Martin, Y.E., and Church, Michael, 1995, Bed-material transport estimated from channel surveys—Vedder River, British Columbia: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 20, p. 347–361.

Martin, Y.E., and Ham, D.G., 2005, Testing bedload transport formulae using morphologic transport estimates and field data—lower Fraser River, British Columbia: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 30, p. 1265–1282.

McLean, D.G., and Church, Michael, 1999, Sediment transport along lower Fraser River 2—Estimates based on the long-term gravel budget: Water Resources Research, v. 35, no. 8, p. 2549–2559.

Merwade, V.M., Maidment, D.R., and Hodges, B.R., 2005, Geospatial representation of river channels: ASCE Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, v. 10, no. 3, p. 243–251.

Milhous, R.T., 1973. Sediment transport in a gravel-bottomed stream: Corvallis, Oregon State University, Ph.D. dissertation, 232 p.

Milhous, R.T., 2001, Specific weight and median size of the bed material of gravel and cobble bed rivers, in Proceedings of the Seventh Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference, March 25–29, 2001, Reno, Nevada: Subcommittee on Sedimentation, Federal Interagency Committee on Water Resources, p. III-70–77.

Mount, N.J., and Louis, John, 2005, Estimation and propagation of error in the measurement of river channel movement from aerial imagery: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 30, no. 5, p. 635–643.

Mueller, E.R., Pitlick, John, and Nelson, J.M., 2005, Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel-bed streams and rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 41, 10 p., W04006, doi: 10.1029/2004WR003692.

O’Connor, J.E., Jones, M.A., and Haluska, T.L., 2003, Flood plain and channel dynamics of the Quinault and Queets Rivers, Washington, USA: Geomorphology, v. 51, p. 31–59.

O’Connor, J.E., Wallick, J.R., Sobieszczyk, Steven, Cannon, Charles, and Anderson, S.W., 2009, Preliminary assessment of vertical stability and grave transport along the Umpqua River, southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2009-1010, 46 p.

Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 2009: Lidar collection and mapping—Oregon Lidar Consortium, accessed July 19, 2009, at http://www.oregongeology.org/sub/projects/olc/default.htm.

Oregon Department of State Lands, 1972, An inventory of filled lands in the Chetco River: Salem, Oregon, Advisory Committee’s Engineering Staff for the Advisory Committee to the State Land Board, 15 p.

Orr, E.L., Orr, W.N., and Baldwin, E.M., 1992, Geology of Oregon, 4th ed.: Dubuque, Iowa, Kendall/Hunt Publishing, 254 p.

Paola, Chris, Parker, Gary, Seal, Rebecca, Sinha, S.K., Southard, J.B., and Wilcock, P.R., 1992, Downstream fining by selective deposition in a laboratory flume: Science, v. 258, no. 5089, p. 1757–1760.

Parker, Gary, 1990a, Surface-based bedload transport relation for gravel rivers: Journal of Hydraulic Research, v. 28, no. 4, p. 417–436.

Parker, Gary, 1990b, The ACRONYM series of PASCAL programs for computing bedload transport in gravel rivers: St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota, External Memorandum M–220, 124 p.

Parker, Gary, and Klingeman, P.C., 1982, On why gravel bed streams are paved: Water Resources Research, v. 18, no. 5, p. 1409–1423.

Parker, Gary, Klingeman, P.C., and McLean, D.G., 1982, Bedload and size distribution in paved gravel-bed streams: Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 109, no. HY4, p. 54–571.

Peterson, C.D., Scheidegger, P.D., and Komar, P.D., 1982, Sand-dispersal patterns in an active-margin estuary of the northwestern United States as indicated by sand composition, texture and bedforms: Marine Geology, v. 50, p. 77–96.

Pitlick, John, 1992, Flow resistance under conditions of intense gravel transport: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 3, p. 891–903.

Pitlick, John, Cui, Y.T., and Wilcock, P.R., 2009, Manual for Computing Bed Load Transport Using BAGS (Bedload Assessment for Gravel-bed Streams) Software: Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report RMRS–GTR–223, 45 p.

Pitlick, John, Mueller, E.R., Segura, Catalina, Cress, Robert, and Torizzo, Margaret, 2008, Relation between flow, surface-layer armoring and sediment transport in gravel bed rivers: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 33, p. 1192–1209.

Plumley, W.J., 1948, Black Hills terrace gravels—A study in sediment transport: Journal of Geology, v. 56, p. 526–577.

Popov, I.V., 1962, A sediment balance of river reaches and its use for the characteristics of the channel process: Soviet Hydrology, v. 3, p. 249–266.

Raines, M.A., and Kelsey, H.M., 1991, Sediment budget for the Grouse Creek basin, Humboldt County, California: Eureka, Calif., Six Rivers National Forest, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 110 p., accessed August 1, 2009, at http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/tmdl/records/region_1/2003/ref1719.pdf.

Ramp, Len, 1975, Geology and mineral resources of the upper Chetco drainage area, Oregon, including the Kalmiopsis Wilderness and Big Craggies Botanical areas: Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries Bulletin 88, 47 p.

Ratti, F.D., and Kraeg, R.A., 1979, Natural resources of the Chetco River estuary: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission, Estuary inventory report, v. 2, no. 9, accessed July 24, 2009, at http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/jspui/handle/1957/3183.

Reid, L.M., and Dunne, Thomas, 1996, Rapid evaluation of sediment budgets: Reiskirchen, Germany, Catena Verlag GMBH, 164 p.

Reid, L.M., and Dunne, Thomas, 2003, Sediment budgets as an organizing framework in fluvial geomorphology, in Kondolf, M., and Piégay, H., eds., Tools in fluvial geomorpholgy: Chichester, John Wiley and Sons, 
p. 463–500.

Rice, K.C., 1999, Trace-element concentrations in streambed sediment across the conterminous United States: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 33, 
p. 2499–2504.

Ricks, C.L., 1995, Effects of channelization on sediment distribution and aquatic habitat at the mouth of Redwood Creek, northwestern California, in Nolan, K.M., Kelsey, H.M., and Marron, D.C., eds., Geomorphic processes and aquatic habitat in the Redwood Creek basin, northwestern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1454, p. Q1–Q17.

Russell, P.P., 1994, Sediment production and delivery in Pistol River, Oregon and its effects on pool morphology: Corvallis, Oregon State University, MS thesis, 111 p., 29 figs.

Schmidt, J.C., and Wilcock, P.R., 2008, Metrics for assessing the downstream impacts of dams: Water Resources Research, v. 44, 19 p., W04404, doi: 10.1029/2006WR005092.

Schumm, S.A., and Stevens, M.A., 1973, Abrasion in place–A mechanism for rounding and size reduction of coarse sediments in rivers: Geology, v. 1, p. 37–40.

Shaw, John, and Kellerhals, Rolf, 1982, The composition of recent alluvial gravels in Alberta river beds: Alberta Research Council Bulletin 41, p. 151.

Slotta, L.S., and Tang, S.S., 1976, Chetco River tidal hydrodynamics and associated marina flushing—Final Report: Corvallis, Ocean Engineering Programs, School of Engineering, Oregon State University, Oregon Sea Grant publication, ORESU–T, 76–005, p. 55, accessed July 24, 2009, at http://nsgl.gso.uri.edu/oresu/oresut76005.pdf.

Smelser, M.G., and Schmidt, J.C., 1998, An assessment methodology for determining historical changes in mountain streams: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, General Technical Report RMRS–GTR–6, 29 p.

Soil Conservation Service, 1979, Flood hazard study, Chetco River, Curry County Oregon: Portland, Oregon, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 29 p.

Stewart, J.H., and LaMarche, V.C., 1967, Erosion and deposition produced by the flood of December 1964, on Coffee Creek, Trinity County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 422-K, 22 p.

Surian, Nicola, and Cisotto, Alberto, 2007, Channel adjustments, bedload transport and sediment sources in a gravel-bed river, Brenta River, Italy: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 32, p.1641–1656.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1893, Annual report of the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, to the Secretary of War, for the year 1893 [Part IV]: Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 3544 p.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1939, Chetco River, Oregon—Entrance to Tide Rock—June 20–July 14, 1939 [bathymetric survey]: Portland, Oregon, U.S. Engineer Office, 2 sheets, scale 1:3000.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2006, HEC–RAS River Analysis System, user’s manual, version 4.0 Beta: Davis, California, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Institute for Water Resources, Hydrologic Engineering Center, 420 p.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999, Van Duzen River and Yager Creek total maximum daily load for sediment: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region IX, 65 p., accessed August 1, 2009 at http://www.epa.gov/region09/water/tmdl/vanduzen/vanduzen.pdf.

U.S. Forest Service, 2008, Rogue River national forest data library—Geographic information systems: Washington, DC, U.S. Forest Service, accessed February 26, 2009, at http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/data-library/gis/rogue-river/index.shtml.

U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management, 2004, Biscuit fire recovery project, Final environmental impact statement: Medford, Oregon, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, [variously paged], accessed July 24, 2009, at http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue-siskiyou/biscuit-fire/feis.shtml.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2009, Chetco River sediment transport study: U.S. Geological Survey web page, accessed July 19, 2009, at http://or.water.usgs.gov/chetco/.

U.S. Water Resources Council, 1981, Guidelines for determining flood flow frequency, Bulletin 17B of the Hydrology Committee: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office [variously paged].

Waananen, A.O., Harris, P.P., and Williams, R.C., 1971, Floods of December 1964 and January 1965 in the Far Western States: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1866–A, 265 p.

Wemple, B.C., Jones, J.A., and Grant, G.E., 1996, Channel network extension by logging roads in two basins, western Cascades, Oregon: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 32, no. 6, p. 1195–1207.

Wilcock, P.R., 2001, Toward a practical method for estimating sediment-transport rates in gravel-bed rivers: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 26, no. 13, p. 1395–1408.

Wilcock, P.R., Barta, A.F., Shea, C.C., Kondolf, G.M., Matthes, W.V.G., and Pitlick, John, 1996, Observation of flow and sediment transport entrainment on large gravel-bed river: Water Resources Research, v. 32, p. 2897–2909.

Wilcock, P.R., and Crowe, J.C., 2003, Surface-based transport model for mixed-size sediment: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 129, p. 120–128.

Wilcock, P.R., Pitlick, John, and Cui, Y.T., 2009, Sediment transport primer—Estimating bed-material transport in gravel-bed rivers: Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, General Technical Report RMRS–GTR–226, 78 p.

Wolman, M.G., 1954, A method for sampling coarse river-bed material: American Geophysical Union Transactions: v. 35, p. 951-956.

Revised July 2012

First posted May 26, 2010