Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5153
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First posted February 7, 2012 For additional information contact: Part or all of this report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF); the latest version of Adobe Reader or similar software is required to view it. Download the latest version of Adobe Reader, free of charge. |
Gross, E.L., Lindsey, B.D., and Rupert, M.G., 2012, Quality of major ion and total dissolved solids data from groundwater sampled by the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5153, 26 p.
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and Scope
Environmental and Quality-Control Data
Types of Quality-Control Samples
Compilation of Data
Methods of Data Analysis
Methods Used to Determine Contamination Bias
Methods Used to Determine Sampling Variability
Quality of Major Ion and Total Dissolved Solids Data
Contamination Bias
Sampling Variability
Trends in Sampling Variability
Confidence Intervals
Implications for Interpreting Environmental Data
Potential Effects of Contamination Bias
Potential Effects of Sampling Variability
Summary
Acknowledgments
References Cited