Geologic and Geophysical Models for Osage County, Oklahoma, with Implications for Groundwater Resources By Mark R. Hudson, David V. Smith, Michael P. Pantea, and Carol J. Becker Prepared in Cooperation with the Osage Nation U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5067 ABSTRACT This report summarizes a three-dimensional (3-D) geologic model that was constructed to provide a framework to investigate groundwater resources of Osage County in northeastern Oklahoma. This report also presents an analysis of an airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey that assessed the spatial variation of electrical resistivity to depths as great as 300 meters in the subsurface. The report and model provide support for a county-wide assessment of groundwater resources, emphasizing the Upper Pennsylvanian rock units in the shallow subsurface of central and eastern Osage County having electrical resistivity properties that may indicate aquifers. Surface outcrops and subsurface stratigraphic picks on wire-line geophysical logs of Upper Pennsylvanian–Lower Permian sedimentary rock were used to construct a 3-D model of the geologic subsurface as an aid for evaluating groundwater resources in Osage County. Quaternary alluvium and terraces along major streams and the Arkansas River are included in the geologic framework model. Data from an the AEM survey were subjected to quality-control procedures, truncated at depth of investigation (DOI), and then used to build a 3-D electrical resistivity model making use of secondary and tertiary interpolation profiles between primary data profiles. The AEM data highlight westward-inclined resistivity gradients that parallel the shallow dip of bedrock strata; bodies having resistivity >30 ohm-meters, and extend as much as 10 kilometers (km) down the dip of host geologic units. Volume analysis and internal imaging of an integrated 3-D geology and electrical resistivity model give a proxy for likely aquifer units with large relative volumes of high resistivity: Quaternary alluvium, Elgin Sandstone Lentil in the upper part of the Vamoosa Group, Tallant Formation, and parts of a combined Wann-Iola-Chanute Formation geologic layer . Less voluminous high resistivity bodies correspond to intervals in the lower part of the Vamoosa Group in the east-central part of the County and probable limestone intervals in the upper part of the Vanoss Group in the northwest part of the County. Northwestern and eastern troughs of potable water previously defined for central Osage County generally correspond to down-dip projections of high-resistivity bodies associated with the Elgin Sandstone Lentil of the Vamoosa Group and Tallant Formation, respectively. DISCLAIMERS EarthVision software is the intellectual property of Dynamic Graphics, Inc., and is used here with their permission. Other than those rights granted to the USGS and third parties to assist them in using this product (any venue), Dynamic Graphics, Inc., reserves all rights in their software. This software has been approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although the software has been subjected to rigorous review, the USGS reserves the right to update the software as needed pursuant to further analysis and review. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS or the U.S. Government as to the functionality of the software and related material nor shall the fact of release constitute any such warranty. Furthermore, the software is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. This database, identified as SIR 2016-5067, has been approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the database is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner." Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Software is provided for the Windows platform and is unsupported. Quick start To run program on local system, minimally copy executable files (.exe), faces files (.enc.faces), and optionally, other data or image files to a local directory. The model was created using version 9.X of the EarthVision software. We suggest using the included zone (Osage_1_Custom.znclr) and property (property.pclr) files to help match model colors to report. Color settings are found in the color menu, hot key 9. The property color settings "Color start" should be 62, the property color setting " Color step" should be set at 4. Refer to "QuickHelp.pdf" in the "Help" directory for brief instructions to start and run software. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- FILES INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT sir20165067_Readme.txt (this text) sir20165067.pdf (pamphlet) sir20165067.met/.xml (metadata) Model_Data (software and data files folder) SIR20165067_Osage.sliced.enc.faces.zip (3D geology model) SIR20165067_Osage_AEM.sliced.enc.faces.zip (3D geology model with electrical resistivity) SIR20165067_color_and_property_files.zip SIR20165067_Osage_colortable.znclr (Model color file) SIR20165067_property.pclr (Electrical resistivty property color file) \executables.zip togif.exe (GIF conversion subroutine used by demo viewer) toppm.exe (SGI_RGB conversion subroutine used by demo viewer) totiff.exe (TIFF conversion subroutine used by demo viewer) cjpeg.exe (JPEG conversion subroutine used by demo viewer) evviewer.exe (Model Viewing Software) \Annotation_Files.zip \AEM_Flightlines EW_Flightlines.shp.ann EW flightlines for AEM survey \Faults Fault_utm.shp.ann Faults from Fig. 1 \Osage_County OsageCounty_Boundary.shp.ann County boundary OsageCounty_Lakes.shp.ann County lakes OsageTowns_UTM.shp.ann County towns \Potable_Water av_altbase_potwtr_utm.shp.ann Structure contours on potable water base (D'Lugosz and others, 1986) av_thk_potwtr_utm.shp.ann Average potable water thickness (D'Lugosz and others, 1986) \RockUnits Ada_Grp.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Ada_lower.fbpmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Barnsdall_Fm.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Coffeyville_Fm.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Elgin_Ss.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Geology_Output.shp.ann Model geologic layer surface contacts Heebner_Sh.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact NellieBly_Hogshooter_Fms.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Oscar_Grp.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Tallant_Fm.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Vamoosa_middle.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Vamoosa_upper.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Vanoss_Grp.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Wann_Iola_Chanute_Fms.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact Wellington_Fm.fbmap.ann Model geologic layer surface contact \Data.zip \Ada_Grp IPa_Output.dat Geologic map data \Ada_lower Ada_middle.dat Wireline geophysical log data Ada_middle_MP.dat Artificial constraining data \Barnsdall_Fm BarnsdaleSs_top.dat Wireline geophysical log data IPbd_Output.dat Geologic map data \Checkerboard_Ls Checkerboard.dat Wireline geophysical log data \Coffeyville_Fm IPcc_Output_D.dat Geologic map data \Elgin_Ss Elgin_top.dat Wireline geophysical log data Mike_Mark_Elgin_top_350.dat Artificial constraining data \Heebner_sh ElginSs_base.dat Wireline geophysical log data Mike_Mark_Elgin_base_350.dat Artificial constraining data \NelieBly_Hogshooter_Fms IPnh_Output.dat Geologic map data \Oscar_Grp IPo_Output.dat Geologic map data \Qat osage_dem_47.dat DEM data \Qat_cut Qat_Bottom.dat Borehole data Qat_lines_combined.dat Artificial constraining data \Tallant_Fm IPta_Output.dat Geologic map data Mike_Mark_IPta.dat Artificial constraining data \Vamoosa_lower Hebner_base.dat Wireline geophysical log data Mike_Mark_Heb_Base_350.dat Artificial constraining data \Vamoosa_middle HebnerShale_top.dat Wireline geophysical log data Mike_Mark_Heb_Top_350.dat Artificial constraining data \Vamoosa_upper IPva_Output_C_350.dat Geologic map data Vamoosa_top.dat Wireline geophysical log data \Vanoss_Grp IPv_Output.dat Geologic map data \Wann_Iola_Chanute_Fms IPwi_Output_C.dat Geologic map data \Wellington_Fm Pw_Output.dat Geologic map data \Data_Clouds.zip Ada_Grp_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Ada_lower_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Barnsdall_Fm_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Checkerboard_Ls_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Coffeyville_Fm_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points DEM_Surface_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Elgin_Ss_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Hebner_sh_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points NellieBly_Hogshooter_Fms_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Oscar_Grp_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Qat_cut_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Tallant_Fm_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Vamoosa_middle_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Vamoosa_upper_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Vamoosa_lower_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Vanoss_Grp_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Wann_Iola_Chanute_Fms_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points Wellington_Fm_350.dat Model geologic layer grid points \Grid_Surfaces.zip Ada_Grp_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Ada_lower_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Barnsdall_Fm_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Checkerboard_Ls_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Coffeyville_Fm_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface DEM_Surface_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface DEM_Surface_500.2grd Model geologic layer surface Elgin_Ss_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Heebner_sh_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface NellieBly_Hogshooter_Fms_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Oscar_Grp_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Pot_wtr_utn.2grd Base potable water surface' (D'Lugosz and others, 1986) Qat_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Qat_cut.2grd Model geologic layer surface Tallant_Fm_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Vamoosa_lower_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Vanoss_Grp_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Wann_Iola_Chanute_Fms_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface Wellington_Fm_350.2grd Model geologic layer surface \Help.zip QuickHelp.doc QuickHelp.pdf \Movie.zip sir20165067mpg.mp4 sir20165067tube.mp4 sir20165067wmav.wmv \Shape_files.zip Ada_Grp_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Ada_lower_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Adobe_Illustrator_Files Barnsdall_Fm_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Checkerboard_Ls_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Coffeyville_Fm_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) DEM_Surface_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Elgin_Ss_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Heebner_sh_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) NellieBly_Hogshooter_Fms_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Oscar_Grp_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Qat_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Qat_cut_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Questions Tallant_Fm_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Vamoosa_lower_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Vamoosa_middle_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Vamoosa_upper_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Vanoss_Grp_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Wann_Iola_Chanute_Fms_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) Wellington_Fm_350.shp (.dbf/.prj/.shx/.dbf/) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Supported systems configurations -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Windows® XP / Windows 7 Windows 7 computer with a dedicated graphics card * Copy and run files from local hard drive is recommended for improved performance. * For optimal video performance with OpenGL and texture mapping when using a video card (TNT, GeForce, GeForce2, Quadro), it is recommended that you use the accelerated drivers provided by NVIDIA on their website. * Laptops are designed for optimal display at the resolution of the LCD screen. For example, a UXGA LCD screen will not display images as clearly when set to SXGA resolution. 1999-2004 Dynamic Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Legal Notices See Legal Notices for appropriate copyright trademark legend. Feedback: webmaster@dgi.com Last updated: January 08, 2004 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Known issues -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- An error message may occur referencing Microsoft C++ libraries. Such messages may safely be ignored: "OK" through them and the software will start. NOTE: software is copied to local system, not installed on local system. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HOW TO OBTAIN THE DIGITAL FILES: The digital files constituting the geologic map database of this report can be obtained via the Internet from the U.S. Geological Survey publications website. Go to the web page at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165067/ and follow the directions to download the files. The main product is a Portable Document Format (.pdf) report, which requires Adobe Acrobat for viewing. Acrobat software runs on a variety of systems, and is available for download free of charge from Adobe at http://www.adobe.com. ArcReader may be downloaded free of charge from http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/download.htm for viewing additional files included in this report. NVIDIA drivers may be downloaded from http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx