By W. Scott Keys
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose and scope
Background
How to use this manual
why log?
Limitations of logging
Analysis of logs
Qualitative log analysis
Quantitative log analysis
Synergistic log analysis
Computer analysis of logs
Digitizing logs
Correcting and calibrating logs
Plotting data from logs
Petrophysics and log response
Mineral composition
Porosity
Particle size, shape, and cementation
Formation-resistivity factor
Rock structure
Ground-water flow and log response
Well hydraulics
Hydraulic conductivity and intrinsic permeability
Specific yield and moisture content
Interstitial fluids and log response
Electrical conductivity
Temperature
Chemical composition
Borehole effects
Drilling fluids
Borehole diameter
Well construction
Geometric effects
Volume of investigation
Bed thickness
Logging equipment
Probes
Cable and winch
Control modules
Recorders
Planning a logging program
Buying a logger
In-house service logging
Contract logging
Selecting a suite of logs
Quality control of logs
Prelogging contacts
Quality control at the well
Log headings
Calibration and standardization of logs
Calibration
Standardization
Test 1.—Principles, equipment, and log-analysis techniques.
Electric logging
Spontaneous-potential logging
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Single-point-resistance logging
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Normal-resistivity logging
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Focused-resistivity logging
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Lateral-resistivity logging
Induction logging
Microresistivity logging
Dipmeter logging
Test 2.—Electric logging
Nuclear logging
Fundamentals of nuclear geophysics
Detection of radiation
Instrumentation
Counting statistics and logging speed
Use of radioactive sources in well logging
Gamma logging
Principles
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Gamma-spectrometry logging
Principles
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation and extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Gamma-gamma logging
Principles
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Neutron logging
Principles
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Other nuclear-logging techniques
Neutron-activation logging
Neutron-lifetime logging
Nuclear-magnetic-resonance logging
Test 3.—Nuclear logging
Acoustic logging
Acoustic-velocity logging
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Acoustic-wave-form logging
Acoustic-televiewer logging
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Caliper logging
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Test 4.—Acoustic and caliper logging
Fluid logging
Temperature
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Volume of investigation
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Conductivity
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Flow
Principles and instrumentation
Calibration and standardization
Extraneous effects
Interpretation and applications
Well-construction logging
Casing logging
Cement and gravel-pack logging
Borehole-deviation logging
Test 5.—Fluid and well-construction logging
Summary-A case history
Acknowledgments
Selected references
Answers to test questions
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