USGS

Determination of Stream Reaeration Coefficients by Use of Tracers

U.S. Geological Survey, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter A18

By F.A. Kilpatrick, R.E. Rathbun, N. Yotsukura, G.W. Parker, and L.L. Delong


Table of Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Background preparation

Accuracy

Theory

Behavior of tracers in streams

Dispersion and mixing

Characteristics of response curve

Superposition principle

Dye-tracer losses and recovery ratios

Gas desorption and oxygen absorption

Tank tests

Temperature corrections

Gas desorption

Slug-injection method

Constant-rate-injection method-One-dimensional dispersion state

Constant-rate-injection method-Two-dimensional dispersion state

General case

Planning the reaeration study

Reach selection

Mixing length requirements

Adequacy of residence time

Discharge measurements

Gas injection

Diffusers

Tanks

Rates

Duration

Dye injection

Slug-injection method

Injection equipment

Injection rates

Concentrations

Constant-rate-injection method

Sampling

General

Dye

Scheduling sampling

Techniques

Gas

Scheduling sampling

Techniques

Performance of slug-injection reaeration measurements

Planning

Selection of test reach

Reach slope

Traveltimes

Mixing length

Residence time

Injection rates

Gas injection

Dye injection

Preliminary test schedule

Field test-Peak method

Data analysis and computations-Peak method

Dye data

Gas data

Computations

Field test-Area method

Performance of constant-rate-injection reaeration measurement

General

Narrow streams-One-dimensional dispersion

Dye injection

Gas injection and tank size

Preliminary test schedule

Field test-Constant-rate-injection method-one-dimensional dispersion

Data analysis and computations-Constant-rate-injection method-One-dimensional dispersion

Wide streams-Two-dimensional dispersion

Example

Preliminary tests, planning, and preparations

Selection of test reach

Estimated elapsed times and durations

Dye injection

Gas injection

Performance of test

Preparations

Dye test

Propane test

Analysis and computations

Dye data

Gas data

Computation of desorption coefficient

Regionalization

Other data needs

Summary and conclusions

References

 


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