By Marvin J. Fishman and Linda C. Friedman, Editors
Preface
Contributors
Abstract
Introduction
Purpose
Scope
Definitions
Significant figures
References
Quality control
Accuracy of analysis
Basic laboratory and field requirements
Chemical ionic balance
Relation of residue on evaporation to calculated dissolved solids
Relation of specific conductance to residue on
evaporation
Precision of analysis
Reference materials
The central laboratories
Use and documentation of standard laboratory procedures
Analytical review procedure
References
Laboratory equipment and techniques
Glassware and other containers
Chemicals and solutions
Purity
Standard solutions
Nonstandard solutions
Accuracy of measurement
References
Analytical techniques
Gravimetry
Principles
Analytical balance
Accuracy
Titrimetry
Principles
Standard solutions
Factor-weight computations
Automatic titrations
Atomic absorption spectrometry
Basic principles
Instrumental principles
Radiant energy source
Sample chamber
Wavelength selector
Detector
Information processing
Analytical procedures
Direct
Chelation-extraction
Standard additions
Interferences
Ionization effects
Chemical effects
Matirx effects
Spectral line effects
Background absorption
Automation techniques
References
Atomic emission spectrometry
Principles
Emission phenomenon
Quantitative analysis by emission
Types of excitation sources
Flames
Direct-current arc
Alternating-current spark
Direct-current argon plasma (plasma jet)
Inductively-coupled argon radio frequency plasma torch
References
Calorimetry
Basic principles
Instrumental principles
Analytical procedures
Interferences
Automated analysis
References
Electrometry
Voltammetry
Ion-selective electrodes
Specific inductor
pH
References
Ion chromatography
Principles
Apparatus
Pumps
Sample injection systems
Separator resins
Suppressor resins
Detectors
Automation
References
Sample preparation and pretreatment
Sample preparation, bottom-material
Subsampling, bottom-material, coring
Subsampling, bottom-material, splitting
Percent moisture, total-in-bottom-material, gravimetric
Extraction procedure, bottom-material
Extraction procedure, water-suspended sediment
Total decomposition, sediment
Analytical methods
Acidity, electrometric titration
Alkalinity, electrometric titration
Alkalinity, electrometric titration, automated
Aluminum, atomic emission spectrometric, d-c plasma
Aluminum, atomic absorption spectrometric chelation-extraction
Aluminum, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Aluminum, total-in-sediment. atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Antimony, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride
Antimony, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride
Arsenic, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride
Arsenic, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride, automated
Arsenic, colorimetric, silver sdiethyldithiocarbanate
Arsenic, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride
Barium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Barium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Beryllium, atomic absorption spectrometric direct
Beryllium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Boron, atomic emission spectrometric, d-c plasma
Boron, calorimetric, asomethine H. automated-segmented flow
Boron, calorimetric, curcumin
Boron, calorimetric, dianthrimide
Bromide, titrimetric. hypochlorite oxidation
Bromide, ion-exchange chromatographic, automated
Bromide, ion-exchange chromatographic-electrochemical, automated
Bromide, calorimetric, fluorescein, automated segmented flow
Cadmium, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Cadmium. atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Cadmium, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Cadmium. atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Cadmium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Calcium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Calcium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct-EPA
Calcium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Calcium, totabin-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Carbon dioxide, calculation
Chloride, calorimetric, ferric thiocyanate
Chloride, calorimetric, ferric thiocyanate, automated-segmented flow
Chloride, calorimetric, ferric thiocyanate, automated-discrete
Chloride, titrimetric, mercurimetric
Chloride, titrimetric, Mohr
Chloride, ion-exchange chromatographic, automated
Chromium, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Chromium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Chromium, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Chromium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Chromium, hexavalent, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Chromium, hexavalent, calorimetric, diphenylcarboxide
Cobalt, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Cobalt, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Cobalt, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Cobalt, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Cobalt, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Color, electrometric, visual comparison
Copper, atomic absorption spectrometric chelation-extraction
Copper, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Copper, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Copper, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Copper, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Cyanide, calorimetric, barbituric acid, automated-segmented flow
Cyanide, calorimetric, pyridin-pyraxolone
Density, gravimetric
Fluoride, calorimetric, zirconium-eriochrome cyanine R
Fluoride, electrometric, ion-selective electrode
Fluoride, electrometric, ion-selective electrode, automated-segmented flow
Fluoride, ion-exchange chromatographic, automated
Hardness, calculation
Hardness, titrimetric, complexometric
Hardness, noncarbonate. calculation
Iodide, calorimetric, ceric-arsenious oxidation
Iodide, calorimetric, cerioarsenious oxidation, automated-segmented flow
Iodide, titrimetric, bromine oxidation
Iron, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Iron, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Iron, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Lead, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Lead, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Lead, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Lead, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Lead, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Lithium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Lithium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Lithium, total-in sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric
Magnesium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Magnesium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct-EPA
Magnesium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Magnesium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Manganese, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Manganese, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Manganese, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Manganese, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Manganese, total-in-sediment. atomic absorption spectrometric
Mercury, atomic absorption spectrometric, flameless
Mercury, atomic absorption spectrometric, flameless automated-sequential
Molybdenum, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Molybdenum, atomic emission spectrometric ICP
Nickel, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Nickel, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Nickel, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Nickel, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Nitrogen, titrimetric, digestion-distillation
Nitrogen, ammonia, colorimetric, distillation-nesslerization
Nitrogen, ammonia, colorimetric. salicylate hypochlorite automated-segmented flow
Nitrogen, ammonia, colorimetric, salicylate-hypochlorite automated-discrete
Nitrogen, ammonia, colorimetric, indophenol, automated-segmented flow
Nitrogen, ammonia, electrometric, ion-selective electrode
Nitrogen, ammonia plus organic, calorimetric, block digestor-salicylate-hypochlorite, automated-segmented flow ---------------
Nitrogen, ammonia plus organic, calorimetric, block digestor-salicylate-hypochlorite, automated
Nitrogen, ammonia plus organic, calorimetric, digestion-distillation-nesslerisation
Nitrogen, ammonia plus organic, titrimetric, digestion distillation
Nitrogen, nitrate, ion-exchange chromatographic, automated
Nitrogen, nitrite, calorimetric, diaxotization
Nitrogen, nitrite, calorimetric, diaxotization, automated-segmented flow
Nitrogen, nitrite, calorimetric, diasotization, automated-discrete
Nitrogen, nitrite, ion-exchange chromatographic, automated
Nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, calorimetric, cadmium reduction-diaxotization, automated-segmented flow ------------- ----- -------
Nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, calorimetric, hydrasine reductiondiazotisation, automated-discrete
Oxygen demand, chemical (COD), calorimetric, dichromate oxidation
Oxygen demand, chemical (COD), titrimetric, dichromate oxidation
pH, electrometric, glass-electrode
Phosphorus, calorimetric, phosphomolybdate
Phosphorus, calorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-segmented flow
Phosphorus, calorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-discrete
Phosphorus, orthophosphate plus hydrolyzable, colorimetric, phosphomolybdate
Phosphorus, orthophosphate plus hydrolyzable, colorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-segmented flow
Phosphorus, orthophosphate, calorimetric, phosphomolybdate
Phosphorus, orthophosphate, calorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-segmented flow
Phosphorus, orthophosphate, calorimetric, phosphomolybdate, automated-discrete
Phosphorus, orthophosphate. ion-exchange chromatographic, automated
Phosphorus, hydrolyzable and organic, calculation
Potassium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Potassium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct-EPA
Potassium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Selenium, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride
Selenium, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride, automated
Selenium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectormetric, hydride
Silica, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Silica, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Silica, calorimetric, molybdate blue
Silica, calorimetric, molybdate blue, automated segmented flow
Silica, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Silver, atomic absorption spectrometric, chelation-extraction
Sodium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Sodium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct EPA
Sodium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Sodium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Sodium absorption ratio, calculation
Sodium, percent, calculation
Solids, residue on evaporation at 180 “C, dissolved, gravimetric
Solids, residue on evaporation at 105 “C, dissolved, gravimetric
Solids, residue on evaporation at 105 "C, total, gravimetric
Solids, residue at 106 “C, suspended, gravimetric
Solids, volatile-on-ignition, dissolved, gravimetric
Solids, volatile-on-ignition, total, gravimetric
Solids, volatile-on-ignition, suspended, gravimetric
Solids, volatile-on-ignition, total-in-bottom-material, gravimetric
Solids, nonvolatileon-ignition, dissolved, calculation
Solids, nonvolatileon-ignition, total, calculation
Solids, nonvolatile-on-ignition, suspended. calculation
Solids, sum of constituents, calculation
Specific conductance, electrometric, Wheastone bridge
Strontium, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Strontium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Strontium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Sulfate, dissolved, calorimetric, complexometric, methyl-thymol blue, automated-segmented flow
Sulfate, turbidhnetric. barium sulfate, automated-discrete
Sulfate, ion-exchange chromatographic, automated
Sulfate, titrimetric, thorin
Sulfide, titrimetric, iodometric
Thallium, atomic absorption, spectrometric, graphite furnace
Tin, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride, automated
Titanium, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Turbidity, nephelometric
Vanadium, calorimetric, catalytic oxidation
Vanadium, calorimetric, catalytic oxidation, automated-segmented flow
Vanadium, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Zinc, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Zinc, atomic absorption spectrometric, graphite furnace
Zinc, atomic emission spectrometric. ICP
Zinc, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Metals, atomic emission spectrometric, ICP
Anions, ion-exchange chromatographic. automated
Anions, ion-exchsnge chromatographic, low ionic-strength water, automated
Metals, major, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Metals, major and minor, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, direct
Metals, minor, total-in-sediment, atomic absorption spectrometric, hydride
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