By L.J. Britton and P.E. Greeson, Editors
Preface
Contributors
Abstract
Introduction
Part 1: Description of methods
Bacteria
Introduction
Collection
Surface water
Ground water
Soil and sediment
Sample containers
Dechlorination
Cheating agent
Preservation and storage
References cited
Standard plate count (membrane-filter method)
Total coliform bacteria (membrane-filter method)
Immediate incubation test
Delayed incubation test
Total coliform bacteria (most-probable-number, MPN, method)
Presumptive test
Presumptive on-site test
Confirmation test
Fecal coliform bacteria (membrane filter method)
Immediate incubation test
Fecal coliform bacteria (most-probable-number, MPN, method)
Presumptive test
Fecal streptococcal bacteria (membrane-filter method)
Immediate incubation test
Confirmation test
Fecal streptococcal bacteria (most-probable-number, MPN, method)
Presumptive and confirmation test
Nitrifying bacteria (most-probable-number, MPN, method)
De-nitrifying and nitrate-reducing bacteria (most-probable-number, MPN, method)
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (most-probable-number, MPN, method)
Total bacteria (epifluorescence method)
Salmonella and Shigella (diatomaceous-earth and membrane filter method)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (membrane-filter method)
Phytoplankton
Introduction
Collection
Precision
References cited
Counting-cell method
Inverted-microscope method
Permanent-slide method for planktonic diatoms
Zooplankton
Introduction
Collection
References cited
Counting-cell method
Gravimetric method for biomass
Seston (total suspended matter)
Introduction
Collection
References cited
Glass-fiber filter method
Periphyton
Introduction
Collection
Sampling from natural substrates
Sampling from artificial substrates
References cited
Sedgwick-Rafter method
Gravimetric method for biomass
Permanent-slide method for periphytic diatoms
Inverted microscope method for the identification and enumeration of periphytic diatoms
Macrophytes
Introduction
Collection
References cited
Floral survey (qualitative method)
Distribution and abundance (quantitative method)
Benthic invertebrates
Introduction
Collection
Faunal surveys
Dip or hand net
Dredges
Numerical assessment
Dip or hand net
Individual rocks
Artificial substrates
Multiple-plate sampler
Barbecue-basket sampler
Collapsible-basket sampler
Distribution and abundance
Box, drum, or stream-bottom fauna sampler
Surber sampler
Ekman grab
Ponar and Van Veen grabs
Corers
Invertebrate drift
Drift density
Drift rate
Sample preparation
Sample sorting
Apparatus
Reagents
Procedure
References cited
Faunal survey (qualitative method)
Numerical assessment (relative or semi-quantitative method)
Distribution and abundance (quantitative method)
Invertebrate drift
Permanent-slide method for larvae of Chironomidae
Method for identification of immature Simuliidae
Permanent and semi-permanent slide method for aquatic Acari
Aquatic vertebrates
Introduction
Collection
Active sampling gear
Seines
Bag seine
Straight seine
Trawls
Electrofishing
Ichthyocides
Hook and line
Passive sampling gear
Investigation of fish kills
Preparation and storage
References cited
Faunal survey (qualitative method)
Life history (quantitative method)
Methods for investigation of fish and other aquatic vertebrate kills
Cellular contents
Introduction
Collection
References cited
Chlorophyll in phytoplankton by spectroscopy
Chlorophyll in phytoplankton by chromatography and spectroscopy
Chlorophyll in phytoplankton by high-pressure liquid chromatography
Chlorophyll in phytoplankton by chromatography and fluorometry
Biomass/chlorophyll ratio for Phytoplankton
Chlorophyll in periphyton by spectroscopy
Chlorophyll in periphyton by chromatography and spectroscopy
Chlorophyll in periphyton by high-pressure liquid chromatography
Chlorophyll in periphyton by chromatography and fluorometry
Biomass/chlorophyll ratio for periphyton
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Primary productivity (production rate)
Introduction
Collection
Oxygen light- and dark- bottle method for phytoplankton
Carbon-14 method for phytoplankton
Oxygen light-and dark-enclosure method for periphyton
Natural substrate
Diel oxygen-curve method for estimating primary productivity
Single-station analysis
Two-station analysis
Diffusion rate
Hydraulic-parameter method
Floating-diffusion-dome method
Nighttime rate-of-change method
References cited
Oxygen light- and dark-bottle method for phytoplankton
Carbon-14 light- and dark-bottle method for phytoplankton
Supplemental information
Interferences and limitations
Toxins
Analytical problems
Environmental variables
Sample containment
Respiration
Excretion
Duration of incubation
Handling and disposal of radioactive wastes
References cited
Oxygen light- and dark- enclosure method for periphyton
Diel oxygen-curve method for estimating primary productivity and community metabolism in streams
Diel oxygen-curve method for estimating primary productivity and community metabolism in stratified water
Bioassay
Introduction
Collection
Algal growth potential (AGP), spikes for nutrient limitation
Supplemental information
References cited
Part 2: Glossary
References cited
Part 3: Selected taxonomic references
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