by Lynn J. Torak
Abstract
Introduction
Background
Purpose and Scope
Governing Equation
Procedure for Applying the Modular Finite-Element Model (MODFE) to Ground-Water-Flow Problems
Design Considerations for the Finite-Element Mesh
Concepts of the Finite-Element Method
Shape of the Anticipated Potentiometric Surface
Aquifer Geometry and Hydrologic Boundaries
Points of Known Hydraulic Head and Stress
General Construction Rules
Identifying Discretization Error
Node Numbering and Determining Bandwidth
Techniques to Enhance Computational Efficiency
Definitions
Solution Methods
Direct: Triangular Decomposition
Iterative: Modified Incomplete-Cholesky Conjugate Gradient
Aquifer-Simulation Capabilities
Nonhomogeneity and Anisotropy
Steady Vertical Leakage
Vertical Leakage of Water Stored Elastically in a Confining Bed
Areally Distributed Sources and Sinks
Point Sources and Sib&s
Initial Condition of Hydraulic Head
Boundary Conditions
Specified Head
Specified Flux
Head-Dependent (Cauchy-Type) Flux
Cross Sections
Axisymmetric Flow
Flow to a Well
Boundary Conditions Parallel to Z Axis
Boundary Conditions Parallel to R Axis
Water-table (Unconfined) Conditions
Conversion Between Confined and Unconfined Aquifer Conditions
Drying and Resaturation of Aquifer Material
Nonlinear Head-Dependent Flux
Cauchy Type
Point Sinks
Steady Vertical Leakage and Evapotranspiration
Steady-State Flow
Linear Conditions
Nonlinear Conditions
Selecting Stress Periods and Time-Step Sizes
Changing Stresses and Boundary Conditions with Time
Data Preparation
Combined-Element Incidences
Hydraulic-Property and Boundary-Condition Zones
Grouping Elements into Zones
Zones for Nonlinear Steady Vertical Leakage, Transient Leakage, and Specific Yield
Grouping Element Sides into Zones
Input Instructions
References
Appendices
Definition of Input and Output Files
Examples of Model Input
Examples of Model Output
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