Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: U.S. Geological Survey, Indiana Water Science Center Publication_Date: 2013 Title: IN_IL_Fill_Time Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4126 Issue_Identification: WRIR 96-4126 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey Other_Citation_Details: Robert T. Kay, lead author, Illinois Water Science Center - DeKalb, 1-815-756-9207 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/wri964126 Description: Abstract: In October 1993, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, began a study of the fill deposits in the Calumet region of northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois. Fill in this area is a mixture of steel-industry wastes, other industrial waste, municipal solid waste, dredging spoil, construction debris, ash, cinders, natural materials, and biological sludge. Fill deposits are concentrated along Lake Michigan; from the Lake Calumet area to the east of the Indiana Harbor Canal; along the Calumet, Little Calumet, and Grand Calumet Rivers; and along the Calumet Sag Channel. Industrial wastes and municipal solid wastes are used as fill near Lake Calumet. Steel-industry wastes, primarily slag, are used as fill along Lake Michigan, Wolf Lake, Lake George, parts of Lake Calumet, and parts of the Calumet and Little Calumet Rivers. Dredging spoil is located along the rivers, and in abandoned river channels, landfills, and tailing ponds. Cinders, ash, construction debris, and natural materials are scattered throughout the area. Currently (1996), fill covers about 60.2 square miles of the study area. A total volume of about 2.1 x 10(10) cubic feet of fill was calculated to be present in the Calumet region. Most of this fill is steel-industry waste. Fill deposition in the study area has been essentially continuous from about 1870 to the present. Fill deposited before 1964 was used as foundation for streets and railroad tracks, to create land for industrial expansion, and to dispose of waste material. Much of the fill deposited after 1964 was disposed of in landfills designed to minimize environmental effects. Industrial wastes, municipal solid wastes, steel- industry wastes, and, perhaps, dredging spoil can be associated with increased concentrations of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides, cyanide, metals, or major ions in ground water in this area. Construction debris, ash, cinders, and natural fill may be associated with increased concentrations of major ions in ground water. This data for this study was compiled on a 1:24000 scale from a variety of different sources and scales. Purpose: These data provide the fill deposition timeline in Northwestern Indiana and Northeastern Illinois. The timeline spans from before 1902 to 1993. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.720026 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -87.083069 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.750826 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.558524 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: fill deposits Theme_Keyword: manmade land Theme_Keyword: made land Theme_Keyword: steel industry waste Theme_Keyword: industrial waste Theme_Keyword: municipal solid waste Theme_Keyword: dredging spoil Theme_Keyword: ash Theme_Keyword: cinders Theme_Keyword: biological sludge Theme_Keyword: ground water contamination Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Northwestern Indiana Place_Keyword: Northeastern Illinois Place_Keyword: Lake Calumet Place_Keyword: Blue Island Place_Keyword: Lake Michigan Place_Keyword: Indiana Harbor Canal Place_Keyword: Calumet River Place_Keyword: Calumet region Place_Keyword: Stony Island Place_Keyword: Lake County Place_Keyword: Cook County Place_Keyword: Calumet Harbor Place_Keyword: Indiana Harbor Place_Keyword: Gary Harbor Place_Keyword: Burns Harbor Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: None Data_Set_Credit: Characterization of fill deposits in the Calumet region of northwestern Indiana and northeastern Illinois 1997, Kay, R. T.; Greeman, T. K.; Duwelius, R. F.; King, R. B.; Nazimek, J. E.; Petrovski, D. M. USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report: 96-4126 Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.1.1.3143 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 2944 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Clarke 1866 UTM Zone 16N Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.0 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.0 False_Easting: 500000.0 False_Northing: 0.0 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000000002220024164500956 Planar_Distance_Units: meter Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D Clarke 1866 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.40 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: IN_IL_Fill_Time Attribute: Attribute_Label: FID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: TIME Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20131126 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Contact_Person: Rebecca Travis Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: 5957 Lakeside Blvd City: Indianapolis State_or_Province: Indiana Postal_Code: 46278 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-317-600-2772 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time