FIGURES
1–5. Maps showing:
| 1. | Location of the Ipswich River Basin and meteorologic sites in northeastern Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire and Maine | |
| 2. | Towns, drainage network, and stream gaging-stations in the Ipswich River Basin | |
| 3. | Generalized surficial geology of the Ipswich River Basin | |
| 4. | Wetlands in the Ipswich River Basin | |
| 5. | Generalized 1991 land use in the Ipswich River Basin |
| 6. | Graph showing monthly mean streamflows and cumulative monthly mean withdrawals at (A) South Middleton station, (B) Ipswich station, and (C) cumulative monthly mean withdrawals at Sylvania Dam, 198993 | |
| 7. | Schematic of inflows to and outflows from a stream reach (RCHRES) in the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) | |
| 8. | Map showing model reaches, subbasin boundaries, and water
withdrawal locations in the Ipswich River Basin |
9–27. Graphs showing:
| 9. | Combined actual and 15-day moving average daily ground-water withdrawals from two Wenham water supply wells, and the calculated streamflow depletion in Idlewild Brook, Mass., 1989 | ||
| 10. | Areas of hydrologic response units in the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) model of the Ipswich River Basin as a percentage of the drainage area above the South Middleton and Ipswich stations and above Sylvania Dam | ||
| 11. | Ground-water flow paths illustrating captured recharge and induced infiltration in a hypothetical aquifer: (A) undeveloped aquifer, (B) pumped well with a high water table, (C) pumped well with a low-water table surface, and (D) changing storage when withdrawals exceed captured recharge and induced infiltration | ||
| 12. | Actual water withdrawals and the withdrawals satisfied by streamflow in the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) in reach 1 of the Ipswich River Basin for the period June 1, 1991 through August 31, 1991 | ||
| 13. | Relation of simulated mean annual discharge to observed for simulations made with centroid and Reading precipitation data for the Ipswich River at (A) South Middleton station, and (B) Ipswich station, 198993 | ||
| 14. | Relation of simulated monthly discharge to observed for simulations made with centroid and Reading precipitation data for the Ipswich River at (A) South Middleton station, and (B) Ipswich station, 198993 | ||
| 15. | Percent error between simulated flow made with the centroid
precipitation data and observed flows for the Ipswich River at the (A)
South Middleton, and (B) Ipswich stations by month, before and after adjusting evapotranspiration rates for seasonal bias, 198993 |
||
| 16. | Simulated daily mean discharge to observed for simulations made with centroid and Reading precipitation data for the (A) South Middleton, and (B) Ipswich stations, Ipswich River, 198993 | ||
| 17. | Simulated and observed daily-mean-discharge hydrographs for simulations made with centroid precipitation data at the (A) South Middleton, and (B) Ipswich stations, Ipswich River, 198993 | ||
| 18. | Difference between simulated and observed daily mean discharges as a function of time at the (A) South Middleton, and (B) Ipswich stations, Ipswich River, 198993 | ||
| 19. | Difference between simulated and observed daily mean discharges as a function of observed discharge at the (A) South Middleton, and (B) Ipswich stations, Ipswich River, 198993 | ||
| 20. | Observed and simulated daily mean discharge at the Ipswich station for simulations made with the centroid precipitation, air temperature, and simulated snowpack water for the Ipswich River Basin, February through April 1993 | ||
| 21. | Flow-duration curves for observed and simulated daily mean discharges for simulations made with the centroid and Reading precipitation data for the (A) South Middleton, and (B) Ipswich stations, Ipswich River, 198993 | ||
| 22. | Discharge simulated with centroid and Reading precipitation data and instantaneous discharge measurements made at Fish Brook near Boxford, July 1993 | ||
| 23. | Runoff as surface-flow, interflow, and base-flow and evapotranspiration losses from surface storage, upper-zone storage, lower-zone storage, and ground-water storage from each hydrologic response unit for: (A) mean annual water budget, (B) wet month water budget-April 1993, and (C) dry month water budget-August 1993, Ipswich River Basin | ||
| 24. | Flow-duration curves developed from simulated daily flows for current conditions (base simulation), no withdrawals, only surface-water withdrawals, and only ground-water withdrawals for the Ipswich River at the (A) South Middleton and (B) Ipswich stations, 198993 | ||
| 25. | Hydrographs for current conditions (base simulation), no withdrawals, only surface-water withdrawals, and only ground-water withdrawals for the Ipswich River at the (A) South Middleton and (B) Ipswich stations, 198993 | ||
| 26. | Flow-duration curves for average water withdrawals with 1991 land-use conditions, no withdrawals with 1991 land-use conditions, and no withdrawals with undeveloped land-use conditions for the Ipswich River at the (A) South Middleton, and (B) Ipswich stations for long-term simulations (196195) | ||
| 27. | Log-Pearson Type III low-flow exceedence probabilities and recurrence intervals for (A) 1-day, (B) 7-day, and (C) 30-day annual minimum mean streamflows based on long-term (196195) simulations of average water withdrawals, no withdrawals with 1991 land-use conditions, and no withdrawals with undeveloped land-use conditions, for the Ipswich River at the South Middleton and Ipswich stations | ||
TABLES
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