WRIR 01-4195:
Ground-Water Discharge Determined from Estimates of Evapotranspiration,
Death Valley Regional Flow System, Nevada and California
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CONTENTS
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Purpose and Scope
- Acknowledgments
- Stewardship
- General Description and Setting
- Physiography and Geology
- Climate
- Drainage
- Hydrogeology
- Estimation of Evapotranspiration and Ground-Water Discharge
- Evapotranspiration
- Evapotranspiration Units
- Evapotranspiration Rate and Volume Estimates
- Ground-Water Discharge
- Limitations of Methodology
- Summary
- References Cited
- Appendix: Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis of Annual Estimates of
Ground-Water Discharge for Death Valley Regional Flow System
-
- FIGURES
- Figure 1. Major areas of natural ground-water discharge in Death Valley
regional flow system
- Figure 2. Major areas of Federally administered land in Death Valley
regional flow system
- Figure 3. Hydrographic areas of Death Valley regional flow system
- Figure 4. Spectral response of land covers having different vegetation,
soil, and moisture conditions
- Figure 5. Pseudo-color infrared false color composite of Death Valley
regional flow system
- Figure 6. Spectral clusters used to classify evapotranspiration units
in discharge areas of Death Valley regional flow system
- Figure 7. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Ash Meadows,
Nevada and California
- Figure 8. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Chicago Valley,
California
- Figure 9. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Franklin Lake,
California
- Figure 10. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Franklin Well
area, California
- Figure 11. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Oasis Valley,
Nevada
- Figure 12. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Sarcobatus
Flat, Nevada
- Figure 13. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Shoshone area,
California
- Figure 14. Classification of evapotranspiration units in Stewart
Valley, California
- Figure 15. Classification of evapotranspiration units in
Tecopa/California Valley area, California
- Figure 16. Modified soil-adjusted vegetation index of Death Valley
regional flow system
- Figure 17. Parameters having the greatest effect on simulated annual
ground-water discharge measured by Rank Correlation
- Figure 18A. Frequency chart generated from 1,000 realizations of
simulated annual ground-water discharge from Ash Meadows
Figure 18B-I. Frequency charts generated from 1,000 realizations
of simulated annual ground-water discharge from major discharge areas
-
- TABLES
- Table 1. Evapotranspiration units identified and classified in major
discharge areas of Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California
- Table 2. Acreage of evapotranspiration units by major discharge area in
Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California
- Table 3. Location and general description of sites equipped with
micrometeorological instruments and used to determine evapotranspiration in Ash Meadows and Oasis
Valley, Nevada
- Table 4. Estimated evapotranspiration rates for evapotranspiration units
classified in major discharge areas of Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California
- Table 5. Mean annual evapotranspiration from major areas of
ground-water discharge in Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California
- Table 6. Mean modified soil-adjusted vegetation index value by
evapotranspiration unit for major discharge areas in Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and
California
- Table 7. Annual precipitation estimated from bulk precipitation
measurements taken at evapotranspiration (ET) sites in Ash Meadows, Oasis Valley, and Death Valley
areas, Nevada and California
- Table 8. Annual precipitation measurements from National Weather Service
climate stations near the major discharge areas of Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and
California
- Table 9. National Weather Service climate stations near major discharge
areas of Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California
- Table 10. Mean annual ground-water discharge from major areas of
ground-water discharge in Death Valley regional flow system, Nevada and California
- Table 11. Values of coefficient of variability used in Monte Carlo
analysis to simulate ground-water discharge: (A) evapotranspiration rate; and (B) precipitation rate
- Table 12. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Ash Meadows
- Table 13. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Chicago Valley
- Table 14. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Franklin Lake
- Table 15. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Franklin Well area
- Table 16. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Oasis Valley
- Table 17. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Sarcobatus Flat
- Table 18. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Shoshone area
- Table 19. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Stewart Valley
- Table 20. Simulated mean annual evapotranspiration and ground-water
discharge from Tecopa/California Valley area
- Table 21. Summary statistics data and simulated means of 1,000
realizations by discharge area for the Monte Carlo analysis used to simulate annual ground-water
discharge
- Table 22. Differences in the standard deviation of ground-water discharge
estimates resulting from correlating similar evapotranspiration units in Ash Meadows
|
Multiply |
By |
To obtain |
|
acre |
0.4047 |
square hectometer |
acre-foot (acre-ft) |
0.001233 |
cubic hectometer |
acre-foot per year |
0.001233 |
cubic hectometer per year |
cubic foot per day (ft3/d) |
0.02832 |
cubic meter per day |
cubic foot per second (ft3/s) |
0.02832 |
cubic meter per second |
foot (ft) |
0.3048 |
meter |
foot per second (ft/s) |
0.3048 |
meter per second |
foot per year (ft/yr) |
0.3048 |
meter per year |
gallons per minute (gal/min) |
0.0631 |
liters per second |
inch (in.) |
25.4 |
millimeter |
mile (mi) |
1.609 |
kilometer |
square mile (mi2) |
2.590 |
square kilometer |
|
Temperature: Degrees Celsius (°C) can be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) by using the formula °F =
[1.8(°C)] + 32. Degrees Fahrenheit can be converted to degrees Celsius by using the formula °C = 0.556(°F - 32).
Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD
of 1929, formerly called "Sea-Level Datum of 1929"), which is derived from a general adjustment of the
first-order leveling networks of the United States and Canada.
ACRONYMS
DVRFS |
Death Valley regional flow system |
ET |
Evapotranspiration |
MSAVI |
Modified soil-adjusted vegetation index |
NTS |
Nevada Test Site |
TM |
Thematic Mapper |
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