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Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4224

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN STREAMFLOW, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, NUTRIENTS, AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY STUDY UNIT, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, AND TEXAS, 1993-95

U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4224, 52 pages (Published 2002)

By Stephanie J. Moore and Scott K. Anderholm

Prepared in Cooperation with the NEW MEXICO OFFICE OF THE STATE ENGINEER

This report is available online in pdf format: USGS WRIR 02-4224 (15 MB)

ABSTRACT

Cover of WRIR 02-4224.

Streamflow and water quality vary spatially and temporally in the Rio Grande from Del Norte, Colorado, to El Paso, Texas. The variations in streamflow and in concentrations of selected waterquality constituentsdissolved solids, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, total phosphorus, and suspended sedimentare described in this report. A multivariate linear regression model, ESTIMATOR2000, was used to estimate loads for selected constituents.

Streamflow decreases in the downstream direction throughout most of the basin because outflows (due to agricultural use, leakage to ground water, and evapotranspiration) are greater than inflows. Streamflow increases between Rio Grande above the mouth of Trinchera Creek, near Lasauses, Colorado, to Rio Grande at Otowi Bridge, near San Ildefonso, New Mexico, because ground-water and tributary inflow are greater than outflow.

Concentrations of dissolved solids, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and suspended sediment generally increase in the downstream direction. Concentrations of dissolved solids, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, and total phosphorus decrease between Rio Grande above the mouth of Trinchera Creek, near Lasauses, Colorado, and Rio Grande at Otowi Bridge, near San Ildefonso, New Mexico, because of dilution by tributary inflow. Concentrations of dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, total phosphorus, and suspended sediment decrease between Rio Grande Floodway at San Marcial, New Mexico, and Rio Grande below Leasburg Dam, near Leasburg, New Mexico, because of reservoir effects (nutrient uptake and settling of sediment).

Several instances of decreasing streamflow and increasing loads indicate the presence of inflows with large constituent concentrations (relative to those of the Rio Grande immediately upstream from that inflow); this occurs (1) between Rio Grande near Del Norte, Colorado, and Rio Grande above the mouth of Trinchera Creek, near Lasauses, Colorado, for dissolved solids, (2) between Rio Grande at Otowi Bridge, near San Ildefonso, New Mexico, and Rio Grande Floodway at San Marcial, NewMexico, for all constituents, and (3) between Rio Grande below Leasburg Dam, near Leasburg, New Mexico, and Rio Grande at El Paso, Texas, for all constituents. Streamflow increases along every reach of the Rio Grande between the streamflow-gaging station Rio Grande above the mouth of Trinchera Creek, near Lasauses, Colorado, and the station Rio Grande at Otowi Bridge, near San Ildefonso, NewMexico. These increases in streamflow result in increases in the loads of dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and suspended sediment regardless of changes in concentrations.

CONTENTS

Foreword

Abstract

Introduction

Purpose and scope

Description of study unit

Surface water

Surface-water and ground-water interactions

Anthropogenic structures

Water quality

Study methods

Data collection

Box plots

Loads

Load estimation

Streamflow

Spatial variations in streamflow

Temporal variations in streamflow

Downstream temporal variations in streamflow

Dissolved solids

Spatial variations in dissolved-solids concentrations

Temporal variations in dissolved-solids concentrations

Downstream temporal variations in dissolved-solids concentrations

Estimated dissolved-solids loads

Nutrients

Dissolved nitrate concentrations

Spatial variations in dissolved nitrate concentrations

Temporal variations in dissolved nitrate concentrations

Downstream temporal variations in dissolved nitrate concentrations

Estimated dissolved nitrate loads

Total phosphorous concentrations

Spatial variations in total phosphorous concentrations

Temporal variations in total phosphorous concentrations

Downstream temporal variations in total phosphorous concentrations

Estimated total phosphorous loads

Suspended sediment

Spatial variations in suspended-sediment concentrations

Suspended-sediment/streamflow relations

Estimated suspended-sediment loads

Effects of variations in streamflow and concentrations on loads in the Rio Grande Valley study unit

Summary

Selected references


REPORT AVAILABILITY

This report is available online in pdf format: USGS WRIR 02-4224 (15MB)
To view the PDF document, you need the Adobe Acrobat® Reader installed on your computer. (A free copy of the Acrobat® Reader may be downloaded from Adobe Systems Incorporated.)

Suggested citation:

Moore, Stephanie J.; Anderholm, Scott K., 2002, SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN STREAMFLOW, DISSOLVED SOLIDS, NUTRIENTS, AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE RIO GRANDE VALLEY STUDY UNIT, COLORADO, NEW MEXICO, AND TEXAS, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02-4224

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