Rock-fabric facies |
Color | Depositional texture |
Sedimentary structures/ textures |
Carbonate and accessory grains | Porosity (percent) |
Hydraulic conductivity |
Paleo- environ- ment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peloid grainstone and packstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, grayish orange 10YR 7/4 and pale yellowish orange 10YR 8/6 matrix | Burrow-mottled pelmold and peloid grainstone and packstone | Highly burrowed, including minor Callianassa shrimp burrows, very thickly bedded | Mainly pelmolds and peloids; minor pelecypods, gastropods, oomolds, and Schizoporella bryozoans, miliolids, quartz grains, intraclasts | 25-45 percent pelmoldic, 5-15 percent solution-enlarged burrow porosity, trace root-mold porosity | High to very high | Shallow shelf |
Coral framestone | Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, grayish orange 10YR 7/4, dark yellowish orange 10YR 6/6, moderate yellowish brown 10YR 5/4, pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2 | Coral framestone | Massive with borings and vugs | Mainly Monastrea(?) head coral, minor medium to large pebblesized Schizoporella; trace to 5 percent quartz grains with peloids in boring and vug fill | 15 percent intragrain porosity, 5-10 percent separate vug porosity, 5 percent root-mold porosity | Moderate | Shallow shelf |
Peloid wackestone and packstone | Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, dark yellowish orange 10YR 6/6, moderate yellowish brown 10YR 5/4, pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2, and light brown 5YR 5/6 matrix | Mainly mud-dominated fabric characterized by pelecypod, benthic foram lime floatstone with a peloid lime wackestone to mud-dominated lime pack - stone matrix, but minor grain-dominated fabric characterized by peloid lime grainstone or skeletal grain-dominated lime packstone matrix; minor solution-enlarged burrows filled with peloid grain - stone or packstone | Highly burrowed, including minor Callianassa shrimp burrows, common ~0.5-1 mm diameter rhizoliths and less common up to 5-cm wide subvertical root molds, medium to very thickly bedded | Mainly peloids, pelecypods (including Chione) and benthic foraminifers (including archaiasinids, Sorites, miliolids, Cyclorbiculina), ostracods, and minor Schizoporella bryozoans, quartz grains, and intraclasts | 5-20 percent pelmol - dic and skeletal moldic porosity, 5-40 percent separate- and touching-vug porosity, trace to 10 percent root-mold porosity, 1 percent intraparticle porosity | Matrix of float-stone low, burrow fill moderate, vuggy porosity low to very high | Shallow shelf |
Gastropod floatstone and rudstone | Pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2, very pale orange 10YR 8/2, light gray N7 to medium dark gray N4 | Moldic gastropod float-stone and rudstone with skeletal wackestone and packstone matrix; local lime wackestone | ~0.5-1 mm diameter rhizoliths, local desiccation cracks, very thinly to very thickly bedded | Mainly gastropods molds including Planorbella, Pomacea, Physa, Hydrobiidae?, smooth-walled ostracods, and skeletal fragments; minor quartz sand, pelecypods, freshwater-algae Charophyta | 15 percent skeletal-moldic separate vugs, solution-enlarged semivertical root molds, minor vertical or irregular vugs and local root-mold porosity | Matrix low, vertical vuggy hydraulic conductivity low to high, horizontal vuggy hydraulic conductivity low to medium | Freshwater marsh, freshwater pond, or brackish |
Conglomerate | Very pale orange 10YR 8/2 and pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2 matrix, and very pale orange 10YR 8/2, dark yellowish orange 10YR 6/6, moderate yellowish brown 10YR 5/4, pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2, moderate brown 5YR 4/4, light brown 5YR 6/4, grayish orange pink 5YR 7/2 and dark gray N3 to light gray N7 intraclasts |
Intraclast lime rudstone with quartz sandstone matrix or quartz sand-rich lime grainstone or muddominated lime packstone matrix |
Common ~0.5-1-mm diameter rhizoliths, thinly to medium bedded |
Mainly intraclasts and quartz grains; local minor peloids, pelecypods |
5-15 percent intergrain porosity, 5-15 percent separate- and touching- vug porosity, local 5-10 percent rootmold porosity |
Matrix low, vuggy porosity low to high |
Fluvial(?), shoreface(?) |
Pedogenic limestone |
(A) very pale orange 10YR 8/2, dark yellowish orange 10YR 6/6, moderate yellowish brown 10YR 5/4, pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2 and grayish orange 10YR 7/4; (B) very pale orange 10YR 8/2 and grayish orange 10YR 7/4; (C) dark yellowish orange 10YR 6/6, grayish orange 10YR 7/4, pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2, moderate yellowish brown 10YR 5/4 and very pale orange 10YR 8/2 |
3 principal types: (A) laminated calcrete, (B) massive calcrete, (C) root-mold limestone |
(A) Thinly to very thickly bedded and drapes over microtopography; (B) very finely laminated; (C) thinly to very thickly bedded or poorly bedded, desiccation cracks |
(A) minor quartz grains; (B) minor intraclasts, pelecypods, skeletal fragments, quartz grains, rotaliform benthic foraminifera including Ammonia and Elphidium; (C) skeletal fragments and local miliolids, minor quartz sand |
(A) Minor microporosity; (B) 20-30 percent rootmold porosity, 5-10 percent vuggy porosity, 5 percent pelmoldic and skeletal moldic porosity; (C) 2-5 percent skeletal moldic porosity, 2-5 percent desiccation crack porosity |
(A) Low, (B) moderate to high, (C) matrix very low to low |
Subaerial exposure |
Mudstone and wackestone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, grayish orange pink 5YR 7/2, pale yellowish brown 10YR 6/2, grayish orange 10YR 7/4 |
Lime mudstone and wackestone |
Common subvertical cracks, ~0.5-1 mm diameter rhizoliths, semivertical solutionenlarge vugs, thinly to thickly bedded |
(A) Brackish: mainly ostracods, skeletal fragments, gastropods (including Planorbella in the G-3679 test corehole), benthic foraminifers (including Ammonia, Elphidium, miliolids, soritids, Archaias, peneroplids, Androsina; minor pelecypods quartz sand; (B) mud mound: peloids, pelecypods, benthic foraminifers (including miliolids), quartz sand, intraclasts, ostracods |
5-20 percent skeletal mold porosity, 5 percent root-mold porosity, 5 percent separate vug porosity, none to 30 percent semivertical touching vug porosity, none to 15 percent desiccation- crack porosit |
Matrix very low to low; moderate to high vertical vuggy hydraulic conductivity; very Low to low horizontal vuggy hydraulic conductivity |
Two principal environments (A) brackish and (B) mud mound(?) |
Skeletal grainstone and packstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, pale yellowish brown 10YR 6.2, grayish orange 10YR 7/4; light gray N7 to very light gray N8 |
Skeletal grainstone and packstone |
Principally massive and highly burrowed, thickly to very thickly bedded |
Mainly skeletal fragments, benthic foraminifers (including archaiasinids, soritids, miliolids, peneroplids, Elphidium, Ammonia, Androsina, Amphistegina, rotaliforms), peloids, pelecypods (including Trachycardium, Anodontia), ostracods, gastropods, echinoids; minor quartz grains; trace red algae |
15-30 percent skeletal moldic porosity, 5-15 percent intergrain porosity, trace to 10 percent pelmoldic porosity, 5-15 percent root-mold porosity, 1 percent intraparticle |
Matrix moderate | Shallow shelf |
Sandy skeletal grainstone and packstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, very light gray N8 |
Sandy skeletal grainstone and packstone |
Thickly to very thickly bedded |
Mainly peloids, quartz sand, mollusks (including Chione, Modulus, Turritella, Codakia, Lucina, Lirophora, Pyrazisinus, Tagelus, Anomalocardia, Melongena, Lucinisca, Carditimera, Codakia, Cerithium), skeletal fragments |
2-10 percent skeletal molds, separate and touching vugs |
Matrix medium, vugs medium to very high |
Shallow shelf |
Laminated peloid grainstone and packstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2 | Peloid grainstone and packstone |
Thinly laminated to very thinly bedded |
Mainly peloids; minor quartz grains, skeletal fragments, and benthic foraminifers (including miliolids, Elphidium, Androsina, rotaliforms), mollusk fragments |
10-15 percent moldic porosity, 10-20 percent intergrain porosity, bedding plane vug porosity 5-20 percent |
Matrix moderate, bedding plane vugs high to very high |
Intertidal |
Pelecypod floatstone and rudstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, very light gray N8 |
Pelecypod floatstone and rudstone with skeletal wackestone, packstone or grainstone matrix |
Thickly to very thickly bedded |
Mainly mollusks (Chione, Turritella, Trachycardium, Bellucina, Diodora, Muricid, Brachidontes, Anomalocardia?) benthic foraminifers (including archaiasinids, peneroplids, miliolids, Parasorites, soritids, Amphistegina, Ammonia, Elphidium, Androsina, rotaliforms), peloids, ostracods; minor quartz grains; trace echinoids |
10-25 percent moldic, 5-15 percent intergrain, irregular separate and touching vugs |
Matrix moderate, irregular vugs low to very high |
Shallow shelf |
Sandy pelecypod floatstone and rudstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, very light gray N8 |
Pelecypod floatstone and rudstone with sandy wackestone or packstone matrix |
Thickly to very thickly bedded |
Mainly peloids, quartz sand, pelecypods, skeletal fragments, benthic foraminifers |
5-20 percent skeletal molds, |
Matrix medium | Shallow shelf |
Touching-vug pelecypod floatstone and rudstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, very light gray N8 |
Pelecypod floatstone and rudstone with peloid and skeletal fragment wackestone and packstone matrix |
Medium to very thickly bedded |
Mainly peloids, mollusks (including Chione, Modulus, Turritella, Codakia, Lucina, Pecten, Diplodonta, Strombus?, Pleuromeris, Carditimera, Anadara, Glycymeris, Anodonita, Cardium, Dosinia, Nucula, Turbo, Glycymeris, Pecten?), skeletal fragments, benthic foraminifers (including soritids, archaiasinids, miliolids, Ammonia, Parasorites, Amphistegina, Elphidium, peneroplids, rotaliforms, Androsina), ostracods, echinoids; trace Porites? coral |
2-25 percent skeletal moldic porosity, 5-100 percent separate and touching vugs |
Matrix medium, vugs medium to very high |
Shallow shelf |
Sandy touchingvug pelecypod floatstone and rudstone |
Pelecypod floatstone and rudstone with |
Thickly to very thickly bedded |
Mainly peloids, quartz sand, mollusks (including Chione, Cerithium, Trachycardium, Modulus, Turritella, Lucinisca), skeletal fragments |
5-20 percent skeletal molds, |
Matrix medium | Shallow shelf |
|
Vuggy wackestone and packstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2 | Peloid wackestone and packstone |
Thickly to very thickly bedded |
Mainly peloids, benthic foraminifers (including miliolids), gastropods; minor to abundant quartz grains |
5-25 percent irregular separate and touching vugs |
Matrix low, vugs moderate to very high |
Shallow shelf (mud bank) |
Quartz sandstone and skeletal sandstone |
Very pale orange 10YR 8/2, very light gray N8 |
Skeletal sandstone | Thickly to very thickly bedded |
Mainly quartz sand, peloids, pelecypods, skeletal fragments, gastropods |
2-10 percent skeletal molds |
Matrix medium | Shallow shelf |