USGS

Theory of Aquifer Tests

U.S. Geological Survey, Water Supply Paper 1536-E

by J. G. Ferris, D. B. Knowles, R. H. Brown, and R. W. Stallman


Table of Contents

Abstract

Introduction

Aquifer tests the problem

Darcy's law

Coefficients of permeability and transmissibility

Coefficient of storage

The artesian case

The water-table case

Elasticity of artesian aquifers

Internal forces

Transmission of forces between aquifers

Effects of changes in loading

Excavations

Moving railroad trains

Changes in atmospheric pressure

Tidal fluctuations

Ocean, lake, or stream tides

Earth tides

Earthquakes

Coefficient of storage and its relation to elasticity

Aquifer tests--basic theory

Well methods point sink or point source

Constant discharge or recharge without vertical leakage

Equilibrium formula

Nonequilibrium formula

Modified nonequilibrium formula

Theis recovery formula

Applicability of methods to artesian and water table aquifers

Instantaneous discharge or recharge

"Bailer" method

"Slug" method

Constant head without vertical leakage

Constant discharge with vertical leakage

Leaky aquifer formula

Variable discharge without vertical leakage, by R. W. Stallman

Continuously varying discharge

Intermittent or cyclic discharge

Channel methods line sink or line source

Constant discharge

Nonsteady state, no recharge

Constant head

Nonsteadystate, norecharge, by R. W. Stallman

Steady state, uniform recharge

Sinusoidal head fluctuations :

Areal methods

Numerical analysis, by R. W. Stallman

Flow net analysis, by R. R. Bennett

Theory of images and hydrologic boundary analysis

Perennial stream line source at constant head

Impermeable barrier

Two impermeable barriers intersecting at right angles

Impermeable barrier and perennial stream intersecting at right angles

Two impermeable barriers intersecting at an angle of 45 degrees

Impermeable barrier parallel to a perennial stream

Two parallel impermeable barriers intersected at right angles by a third impermeable barrier

Rectangular aquifer bounded by two intersecting impermeable barriers parallel to perennial streams

Applicability of image theory involving infinite systems of image wells

Corollary equations for application of image theory

Applicability of analytical equations

References

Index

 


 

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