REFERENCES

Ator, S.W., Blomquist, J.D., Brakebill, J.W., Denis, J.M., Ferrari, M.J., Miller, C.V., and Zappia, Humbert, 1998, Water quality in the Potomac River Basin, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia, 1992–96: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1166, 38 p.

Barbour, M.T., Gerritsen, J., Snyder, B.D., and Stribling, J.B., 1999, Rapid bioassessment protocols for use in streams and wadeable rivers—Periphyton, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish (2d ed.): U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, EPA 841–B—99–002.

Barwick, R.S., Levy, D.A., Craun, G.F., Beach, M.J., and Calderon, R.L., 2000, Surveillance for waterborne-disease outbreaks—United States, 1997–1998: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, May 26, v. 49, SS 4, p. 1–35.

Boyer, D.G., and Pasquarell, G.C., 1999, Agricultural land use impacts on bacterial water quality in a karst groundwater aquifer: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 35, no. 2, p. 291–300.

Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, 1999, Canadian sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Winnipeg, Publication 1299, accessed Janurary 19, 2001 at URL http://www.ec.gc.ca/ceqg-rcqe/.

Chambers, D.B., and Messinger, Terence, 1998, Selected contaminants in fish tissues in the Kanawha River Basin [abs]: Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science, v. 70 no. 1, p. 20.

Chambers, D.B., and Messinger, Terence, 2001, in press, Benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Kanawha River Basin and their response to selected environmental factors: U S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01–4021.

Chapman, P.M.; Downie, James; Maynard, Allen; and Taylor, L.A., 1996, Coal and deodorizer residues in marine sediments—Contaminants or pollutants?: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 15, no. 5, p. 638–642.

Cincotta, D.A., Chambers, D.B., and Messinger, Terence, 1999, Recent changes in the distribution of fish species in the New River Basin in West Virginia and Virginia: Proceedings of the New River Symposium, Boone, N.C., p. 98–106.

Clarkson, R.B., 1964, Tumult on the mountains: Parsons, W. Va., McClain Publishing Company, 401 p.

Coble, R.W., Giese, G.L., and Eimers, J.L., 1985, North Carolina ground–water resources, in U.S. Geological Survey, 1985, National water summary 1984—Hydrologic events, selected water–quality trends, and ground-water resources: U.S.Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2275, p. 329–334.

Crawford, J.K., and Luoma, S.N., 1993, Guidelines for studies of contaminants in biological tissue for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92–494, 69 p.

Cuffney, T.F., Gurtz, M.E., and Meador, M. R., 1993, Methods for collecting benthic invertebrate samples as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–406, 66 p.

Ehlke, T.A., Runner, G.S., and Downs, S.C., 1982, Hydrology of Area 9, Eastern Coal Province, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81–803, 63 p.

Eychaner, J.H., 1994, National Water-Quality Assessment Program—The Kanawha–New River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 94–019, 2 p.

Eychaner, J.H., 1998, What’s normal? —Constituent concentrations in West Virginia streamflow, ground water, streambed sediment, and fish tissue, in West Virginia Non-Point Source Conference, Charleston, 1998, Proceedings: West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection and West Virginia Soil Conservation Agency, p. 38–53.

Eychaner, J.H., 1999, Progress of environmental studies in coal mining areas of western Pennsylvania and central West Virginia, in Twentieth Annual West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium, 1999, Proceedings: Morgantown, W. Va., 6 p.

Fedorko, Nick, and Blake, Mitch, 1998, A geologic overview of mountaintop removal mining in West Virginia: accessed October 20, 1999 at URL http://www.wvgs. wvnet.edu/www/mtrm/.

Fenneman, N.M., 1938, Physiography of Eastern United States: New York, McGraw-Hill, 714 p.

Gillies, W.N., Malakoff, D.A., Ailes, Nancy, and Constantz, George, 1998, Greenbrier—A scientific portrait of a West Virginia river: High View, W. Va., Cacapon Institute, 32 p.

Gilliom, R.J., Alley, W.M., and Gurtz, M.E., 1995, Design of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Occurrence and distribution of water-quality conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1112, 33 p.

Harlow, G.E., Jr., and LeCain, G.D., 1993, Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia: U.S. Geoogical Survey Water-Supply Paper 2388, 36 p.

Henry, E.N., 1981, Phased cleanup, Kanawha River: Presented at Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO) meeting, May 1981, Charleston W. Va, 60 p.

Herb, W.J., Shaw, L.C., and Brown, D.E., 1981a, Hydrology of Area 3, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81–537, 88 p.

_____1981b, Hydrology of Area 5, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 81–538, 92 p.

Herb, W.J., Brown, D.E., Shaw, L.C., Stoner, J.D. and Felbinger, J.K., 1983, Hydrology of Area 2, Eastern Coal Province, Pennsylvania and New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Open-File Report 82–647, 93 p.

Hocutt, C.H., Denoncourt, R.F., and Stauffer, J.R., 1978, Fishes of the Greenbrier River, West Virginia, with drainage history of the Central Appalachians: Journal of Biogeography, v. 5, no. 1, p. 59–80.

_____1979, Fishes of the Gauley River, West Virginia: Brimleyana, no. 1, p. 47–80.

Jenkins, R.E., and Burkhead, N.M., 1994, Freshwater fishes of Virginia: Bethesda, Md., American Fisheries Society, 1079 p.

Kanetsky, C.A., 1988, A study of dioxin contamination in sediments of the Kanawha River basin — Final report: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in cooperation with West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, 12 p., appendix.

Karr, J.R., and Chu, E.W., 1999, Restoring life in running waters—Better biological monitoring: Washington, D.C., Island Press, 206 p.

Kozar, M.D., Sheets, C.J., and Hughes, C.A., 2001, Ground-water quality and geohydrology of the Blue Ridge physiographic province, New River Basin, Virginia and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00–4270, 36 p.

Kozar, M.D., and Sheets, C.J., 1997, Radon in ground water in the Kanawha–New River Basin, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina [abs.]: Proceedings of the Ohio River Basin Consortium for Research and Education13th Annual Scientific Symposium, 1 p.

Lindsey, B.D., and Ator, S.W., 1996, Radon in ground water of the Lower Susquehanna and Potomac River Basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 96–4156, 6 p.

Lundgren, R.F., and Lopes, T.J., 1999, Occurrence, distribution, and trends of volatile organic compounds in the Ohio River and its major tributaries, 1987–96: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4257, 89 p.

Maret, T.R., 1997, Characteristics of fish assemblages and related environmental variables for streams of the Upper Snake River Basin, Idaho and western Wyoming, 1993–95: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4087, 46 p.

Mathes, M.V., 2000, Relation of bacteria in limestone aquifers to septic systems in Berkeley County, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00–4229, 12 p.

McColloch, G.H., Jr., 1998, Coal geology of West Virginia, in Sanda, A.P., ed., Keystone coal industry manual, 1998: Chicago, Intertec Publishing, p. 708–717.

Meador, M.R., Cuffney, T.F., and Gurtz, M.E., 1993, Methods for sampling fish communities as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–104, 40 p.

Meador, M.R., Hupp, C.R., Cuffney, T.F., and Gurtz, M.E., 1993, Methods for characterizing stream habitat as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93–408, 48 p.

Messinger, Terence, 1997, Water-quality assessment of the Kanawha–New River Basin, West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina —Review of water-quality literature through 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 97–4075, 27 p.

Messinger, Terence, and Chambers, D. B., 1998, Selected contaminants in bed sediment in the Kanawha River Basin [abs]: Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science, v. 70, no. 1, p. 20.

Messinger, Terence, and Hughes, C.A., 2000, Environmental setting and its effects on water quality, Kanawha-New River Basin—West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina: National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 00–4020, 75 p.

Messinger, Terence, and Chambers. D.B., 2001, in press, Fish assemblages of the Kanawha River basin and their relation to the environment, 1997–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4048.

Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Interagency Consortium, 1997, Federal regional land cover data sets: accessed September 19, 1999, at URL http://www.epa.gov/mrlc/Regions.html/.

National Agriculture Statistics Service, 1999, Census of agriculture, 1997: accessed September 10, 1999, at URL http://www.nass.usda.gov/census/.

North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1999, Basinwide assessment report, New River Basin, July 1999: Raleigh, Division of Water Quality, 99 p.

Rose, A.W., and Cravotta, C.A., III, 1998, Geochemistry of coal mine drainage, in Brady, K.B.C., Smith, M.W., and Schueck, Joseph, eds., 1998, Coal mine drainage prediction and pollution prevention in Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, p. 1–1 to 1–22.

Sams, J.I., III, and Beer, K.M., 2000, Effects of coal-mine drainage on stream water quality in the Allegheny and Monongahela River basins—Sulfate transport and trends: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4208, 17 p.

Sheets, C.J., and Kozar, M.D., 1997, Bacteria in water from domestic wells in fractured bedrock within the Kanawha–New River basin in West Virginia, Virginia, and North Carolina [abs.]: Proceedings of the Ohio River Basin Consortium for Research and Education13th 13th Annual Scientific Symposium, 1 p.

Sheets, C.J., and Kozar, M.D., 2000, Ground-water quality in the Appalachian Plateaus, Kanawha River Basin, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 99–4269, 25 p.

Shelton, L.R., 1994, Field guide for collecting and processing stream-water samples for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98–455, 42 p.

Shelton, L.R., and Capel, P.D., 1994, Guidelines for the collecting and processing samples of stream bed sediment for analysis of trace elements and organic contaminants for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94–458, 20 p.

Skousen, J., and others, 1998, Handbook of technologies for avoidance and remediation of acid mine drainage: Morgantown, W. Va., National Mine Land Reclamation Center, 131 p.

Solley, W.B., Pierce, R.B., and Perlman, H.A., 1998, Estimated use of water in the United States in 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1200, 71 p.

Stauffer, J.R., Jr., Boltz, J.M., and White, L.R., 1995, The fishes of West Virginia: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 389 p.

Strange, R.M., 1999, Historical biogeography, ecology, and fish distributions—Conceptual issues for establishing IBI criteria, in Simon, T.P, ed., Assessing the sustainability and biological integrity of water resources using fish communities: Boca Raton, Fla., CRC Press, p. 65–78.

Tennant, P.A., Norman, C.G., and Vicory, A.H., Jr., 1992, The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Commission's toxic substances control program for the Ohio River: Water Science and Technology, v. 26, no. 7–8, p. 1779–1788.

Tully, John, 1996, Coal fields of the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 96–92, 1 sheet, scale 1:5,000,000.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986, Quality criteria for water – 1986: Office of Water, EPA 440/5–89–001.

_____ 1999, Proposed radon in drinking water rule: Office of Water, EPA 815–F—99–009. Accessed January 19, 2001 at URL http://www.epa.gov/safewater/radon/ and scroll to proposal.html.

_____ 2000, Mountaintop mining valley fill draft environmental impact statement: EPA/903/R–00/013, accessed January 18, 2001 at URL http://www.epa.gov/region3/mtntop/.

U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, The quality of our Nation’s waters—Nutrients and pesticides: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1225, 82 p.

_____ 2000, Annual coal production for West Virginia counties, 1900–1998: accessed August 15, 2000, at URL http://wv.usgs.gov/nawqa/coal.html.

Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, 1998, 1998 water quality assessment report: accessed September 21, 2000, at URL http://www.deq.state.va.us/water/.

Greenbrier River near Seebert, WV. Photograph by Katherine S. Paybins, USGS.

Waite, I.R., and Carpenter, K.D., 2000, Associations among fish assemblage structure and environmental variables in Willamette Basin streams, Oregon: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 129, no. 3, p. 54–770.

Ward, S.M., Taylor, B.C., and Crosby, G.R., 1997, Water resources data, West Virginia, water year 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WV–96–1, 258 p.

_____ 1998, Water resources data, West Virginia, water year 1997: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WV–97–1, 414 p.

_____ 1999, Water resources data, West Virginia, water year 1998: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Data Report WV–98–1, 476 p.

West Virginia Division of Environmental Protection, 2000, West Virginia water quality status assessment 2000: Charleston, Office of Water Resources, 202 p.

Wyrick, G.G., and Borchers, J.W., 1981, Hydrologic effects of stress-relief fracturing in an Appalachian valley: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2177, 51 p.