Marine geology and oceanography of Santa Cruz basin off southern California

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Peter W. Barnes

Publication_Date: 1970

Title:

Marine geology and oceanography of Santa Cruz basin off southern California

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Paper

Series_Information:

Series_Name: USC-GEOL

Issue_Identification: 70-3

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Los Angeles, CA

Publisher: University of Southern California

Other_Citation_Details:

Partially funded through USGS Contract 14-08-0001-10862. Report was submitted to the Chief, Office of Marine Geology and Hydrology, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, and duplicates Barnes' PhD. thesis.

Description:

Abstract:

"An intermediate basin between coastal and offshore depressions of the California Continental Borderland, Santa Cruz Basin, with a general depth of 1900 m, lies south of the Channel Islands. Steep walls, with a thin sediment cover, abut against the flat basin floor. Hummocky topography, related to slumping, marks the northwestern quadrant of the basin floor. Three major canyon systems provide paths for sediments from the northern and southern insular platforms, while buried channels mark the previous existence of a fourth system. The western wall is relatively straight and featureless when compared to the structural terraces, volcanic knolls, and other irregularities of the eastern slope. Hydrographic data indicate that the surface and near surface water circulation is affected by wind stress and the association of the Southern California eddy with the California current. Offshore transport of surface water by both the prevailing northwesterly and easterly ("Santa Ana") winds causes upward water movement, apparently at all depths, which is aided by low stability at and below the basin sill. Most subsurface water movement is toward the north and northwest with considerable variation in speed and direction. A tidal cycle is also shown by the data. Surficial mixing is caused by the combined effects of currents, upwelling, intrabasin seiches, and internal waves. Heatflow and sediment transport are suggested as possible factors in addition to seiches and upwelling to cause overturn of deep basin water. The complex pattern of sedimentation found in the basin is a reflection of oceanographic, physiographic and sedimentologic conditions and geologic history. Partial infilling comes from either end of the basin in the form of turbidite sedimentation. The resulting sedimentary structures reflect both a proximal and distal sedimentation regime. Turbidite and hemipelagic sedimentation is disrupted by bioturbation. This burrowing action of organisms is abundant but patchy, often disrupting structures to the extent of making them almost indiscernible. The hemipelagic sediments found in this basin are organically rich, olive gray clay-silts. The recent stratigraphic history of Santa Cruz Basin is marked by a decreased Holocene rate of "turbidite" sedimentation while the hemipelagic contribution has increased slightly. Carbonate production over the basin as reflected in foraminiferal abundances and total carbonate production has varied greatly, being greatest about 7,000 yr B.P. Correlation using carbonate abundance as a stratigraphic tool reflects a sedimentation trend controlled by topography. Rates of accumulation on the basin floor are greatest (30 mg/cm2/yr) in the deepest portions and become less (9 mg/cm2/yr) as the walls are approached. The changes in production are most probably reflecting changes in productivity of waters overlying the basin. Changes in the circulation pattern are due to the rise and fall of sea level and the resultant topographic effects on oceanography."

Purpose:

" This study was initiated to extend the sedimentologic and stratigraphic knowledge of borderland history. Thus the objectives of this investigation were to define the basin's physiography, structure, oceanography, and sedimentology through geologic time. Being unique among borderland basins in many of these aspects, Santa Cruz basin offers an environment in which to seek answer to many geologic questions."

Supplemental_Information:

All stations were occupied with the University of Southern California's Research Vessel, Velero IV. Data digitized by the USGS for inclusion into usSEABED (<http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/usseabed>)

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1958

Ending_Date: 1968

Currentness_Reference: Publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.80000

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -119.10556

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 33.92778

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 32.27500

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: University of Southern California

Theme_Keyword: Allan Hancock Foundation

Theme_Keyword: Piston core

Theme_Keyword: Gravity core

Theme_Keyword: Camera

Theme_Keyword: Dredge

Theme_Keyword: Trigger core

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: Oceans and Estuaries

Theme_Keyword: Location

Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:

NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keyword. Version 5.3.3

Theme_Keyword: Marine Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Biogenic Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Sediment Composition

Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Structures

Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Textures

Theme_Keyword: Terrigenous Sediments

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)

Place_Keyword: California

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Santa Cruz Basin

Place_Keyword: Continental

Place_Keyword: Borderland

Access_Constraints:

None. Report is available at the USGS Library and other libraries.

Use_Constraints:

Cite Peter W. Barnes and the University of Southern California as originators of the data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Peter W. Barnes

Contact_Organization: Now at the U.S. Geological Survey (emeritus)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail and Physical

Address: 345 Middlefield Road, MS999

City: Menlo Park

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 94025

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-5265

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pbarnes@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: Barnes_PhD_1970

Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Sample distribution with coastline and bathymetry for reference.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: .jpg

Data_Set_Credit:

Peter W. Barnes at the University of Southern California for the collection and analysis of data. For inclusion into usSEABED: Digitization: Jane Reid (USGS); Formatting corrections: Jane Reid (USGS) and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado).

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Tkme: Another editor for formal metadata by Peter N. Schweitzer (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092), version 2.9.13, Microsoft Windows Version 5.1; Microsoft Word 2000 9.0

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

No estimate made for the accuracy of the data in the original report. Data digitized by the USGS and partners were visually compared to the source data, and corrected. Where appropriate, data were tested for completeness using MS Excel. Locations checked using GIS.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Data fall within normal ranges for analytical results.

Completeness_Report:

For usSEABED, appendices A and B were completely digitized. Some information from the report text is also included in usSEABED.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Navigation by radar fixes, LORAN, and dead reckoning. Estimated accuracy is 0.5 to 1.0 nm or 1-2 km.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Depth determination by Times Facsimile precision depth recorder or Gifft GDR IC-19-T recorder; accuracy to 1 fathom.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Core descriptions were made using wet cores. Grainsize analyses by sieve and pipette techniques (Rodolfo, 1967). Carbon and total carbon measured using a LEO carbon analyzer following Kolpack and Bell, 1968. Nitrogen content determined using the Kjeldahl technique as discussed by Bradstreet, 1965.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Trask, 1932

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Rodolfo, 1967

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Kolpack and Bell, 1968

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Bradstreet, 1965

Process_Date: Unknown

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Barnes_PhD_1970

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Peter W. Barnes

Contact_Organization: Now at U.S. Geological Survey (emeritus)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail and Physical

Address: 345 Middlefield Road, MS999

City: Menlo Park

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 94025

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-5265

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: pbarnes@usgs.gov

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 62

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.001

Longitude_Resolution: 0.001

Geographic_Coordinate_Units: decimal degrees

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Point

Entity_Type_Definition: SDTS point

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: AHF Sta. #

Attribute_Definition: Station number

Attribute_Definition_Source: Allan Hancock Foundation

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential alpha numeric code

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Water depth

Attribute_Definition: Water depth

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 200

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1925

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1.0

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Penetration

Attribute_Definition: Amount of core penetration

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.6

Range_Domain_Maximum: 9.1

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Core length

Attribute_Definition: Length of core

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 5.7

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Meters

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Remarks

Attribute_Definition: Additional information about station or sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Written text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Description

Attribute_Definition: Photo descriptions

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Written text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lithologic description

Attribute_Definition: Core descriptions

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Written text

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Mean diam.

Attribute_Definition: Mean diameter of sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.2

Range_Domain_Maximum: 95.4

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Microns

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sorting Std. Dev.

Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of grainsize distribution (sorting)

Attribute_Definition_Source: Trask, 1932

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.76

Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.82

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Skewness

Attribute_Definition: Skewness of grainsize distribution

Attribute_Definition_Source: Trask, 1932

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.37

Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.69

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Kurtosis

Attribute_Definition: Kurtosis of grainsize distribution

Attribute_Definition_Source: Trask, 1932

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.71

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.13

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CaCO3

Attribute_Definition: CaCO3 in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Kolpack and Bell, 1968

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.5

Range_Domain_Maximum: 26.42

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Organic

Attribute_Definition: Organic carbon in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Kolpack and Bell, 1968

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.45

Range_Domain_Maximum: 6.32

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Nitrogen

Attribute_Definition: Nitrogen in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Bradstreet, 1965

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.51

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: C/N

Attribute_Definition: Ratio of carbon to nitrogen in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9

Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.6

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Physical

Address: 345 Middlefield Road

City: Menlo Park

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-5016

Resource_Description: 203 (083) B2532m

Distribution_Liability:

Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data.

Standard_Order_Process:

Non-digital_Form:

Report is available at the USGS library, Menlo Park, and other libraries.

Fees: None

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Southern California

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Physical

Address: Zumberge Hall

Address: 3651 Trousdale Parkway

City: Los Angeles

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 90089

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 213-740-6106

Resource_Description: Depends on library

Distribution_Liability:

Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data.

Standard_Order_Process:

Non-digital_Form: Report is available at libraries.

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites: None

Available_Time_Period:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1970

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 2005

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Person: Jane A. Reid

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Physical and mail

Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive

City: Santa Cruz

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4727

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jareid@usgs.gov

Contact_Instructions: email preferred

Metadata_Standard_Name: CSDGM Version 2

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints:

Metadata was written by a user of the data. Any information contained in the physical report is authoritative and supercedes any information given here.