Sediments of Willapa Submarine Canyon

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Chester F. Royse

Publication_Date: 1964

Title: Sediments of Willapa Submarine Canyon

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: paper

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Technical Report

Issue_Identification: No. 111

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Seattle, WA

Publisher: University of Washington

Other_Citation_Details:

Department of Oceanography; Reference: M64-60 U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)-1725 and Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-477(10) Project NR 083 012; Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-477(37) Project RR 004-03-01;

Description:

Abstract:

"A study of Willapa submarine canyon, located off the Washington coast, was undertaken in an attempt to define the type, distribution, and rate of deposition of sediment within the canyon. Well sorted sands are common on the continental shelf near the canyon head and green pelagic muds predominate within the canyon. The muds are thinly bedded and cores from the thalweg contain sand layers. Organic- and carbonate-carbon contents of sediments range between 0.2-2.9 and 0.05-1.5 per cent respectively. The clay-sized fraction of the average sediment consists of approximately 20 per cent Fe-chlorite, 30 per cent kaolinite, and 50 per cent illite with minor amounts of montmorillonoids and mixed-layer clays. Analyses of the heavy -mineral and clay-mineral suites show that the Columbia River is the most probable source of sand and mud in the canyon. The occurrence of graded sand layers containing shallow water foraminifera and heavy mineral suites similar to those of shelf sands indicate turbidity-current transport of shelf sediment along the canyon axis. The maximum rate of sedimentation on the upper slope is about 50 mg /cm2 /yr (41 centimeters per thousand years), but the total thickness of Holocene sediment in most of the canyon is only a few meters. Turbidity flows, originating on the upper slope and shelf, deposit the major portion of their sediment load west of the slope break in Cascadia Basin. Rock dredged from the canyon walls contains fossils which suggest Willapa Canyon has formed since early-Pliocene time."

Purpose:

"The general scope of this investigation of Willapa submarine canyon is that of a reconnaissance with the following objectives: 1.) to define the general character and distribution of sediment; 2.) to determine the nature and rate of sediment deposition; and 3.) to determine the mode and extent of bottom transport within Willapa canyon."

Supplemental_Information:

Samples taken from the M.V. Brown Bear cruises 326; additional samples from Brown Bear cruises 291 and 312. Data digitized by the USGS for inclusion into usSEABED (<http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/usseabed>)

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1963

Ending_Date: 1963

Currentness_Reference: Publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -125.5783

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.1500

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.6667

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.2433

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: University of Washington

Theme_Keyword: Department of Oceanography

Theme_Keyword: Van Veen

Theme_Keyword: Kullenberg core

Theme_Keyword: Steel pipe dredge

Theme_Keyword: Trigger core

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: Oceans and Estuaries

Theme_Keyword: Location

Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:

NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keyword. Version 5.3.3

Theme_Keyword: Marine Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Biogenic Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Bioturbation

Theme_Keyword: Geotechnical Properties

Theme_Keyword: Sediment Chemistry

Theme_Keyword: Sediment Composition

Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Structures

Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Textures

Theme_Keyword: Terrigenous Sediments

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System

Place_Keyword: Washington

Access_Constraints:

Report is available at libraries and the University of Washington

Use_Constraints:

Cite Chester F. Royse, Jr. and the University of Washington as originators of the data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: P.O. Box 357940

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: TechRep111

Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Screen grab of GIS-produced sample distribution, with bathymetry and land for reference.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG

Data_Set_Credit:

Chester F. Royse at the University of Washington for the collection and analysis of data. For inclusion into usSEABED: digitization Mark Zimmermann (NMFS) and Jennifer Mendonca (USGS); Formatting corrections: Jane Reid (USGS); and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado).

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Tkme: Another editor for formal metadata by Peter N. Schweitzer (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092), version 2.9.13, Microsoft Windows Version 5.1; Microsoft Word 2000 9.0

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

No estimate made for the accuracy of the data in the original report. Data digitized by the USGS and partners were visually compared to the source data, and corrected. Where appropriate, data were tested for completeness using MS Excel. Locations checked using GIS.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Data fall within normal ranges for the given parameters.

Completeness_Report:

For usSEABED: data digitized include (table 1): locations, granulometric analyses (sand, silt, clay), Inman statistics; (table 2): heavy mineral analyses for 2- and 3- phi class from selected cores; (table 4): heavy mineral analyses from selected cores; (appendix 1): Organic and carbonate carbon values, petrographic analyses, and core descriptions. Not digitized are table 3: water content for core #326-26; tables 6 & 7 (clay mineral XRD peak area ratios), and tables 7 & 8, foraminfera and summary of foraminifera.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Navigation by Loran-A with an approximate accuracy of one percent between the ship and the transmitters; this gave an accuracy of 0.5 nautical miles (930 meters). Positions corrected for wind and current drift and adjusted to bathymety. Latitudes and longitudes given in degrees, tenths, minutes.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Water depth determination by EDO AN/UNQ 2-B echo sounder and recorder; accuracy not noted in report. Water depths given in meters.

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

"Size analyses were made for each sample and statistical parameters of size distributions computed (Creager, McManus, and Collias, 1962). The statistical parameters of Folk and Ward (1957) and the second skewness and kurtosis of Inman (1952) could seldom be calculated because most sediment size distributions were open ended. No Inman values were calculated for samples in which the next to last accumulated percentages of size classes was less than 84. Inman mean, median, deviation, and skewness were obtained for most samples (Table 1) and are used in this study."

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Inman, 1952

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Folk and Ward, 1957

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Creager, McManus, and Collias, 1962

Process_Date: Unknown

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: TechRep111

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: P.O. Box 357940

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 68

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.00028

Longitude_Resolution: 0.00028

Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Point

Entity_Type_Definition: SDTS point

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sample number

Attribute_Definition: Sample number

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Washington

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Alpha numeric number based on cruise, site, sampler, and downcore depth information

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Gravel

Attribute_Definition: Amount of gravel in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth, 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Assumed to be zero for all samples

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sand

Attribute_Definition: Amount of sand in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth, 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 91.4

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Silt

Attribute_Definition: Amount of silt in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth, 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 72.6

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Clay

Attribute_Definition: Amount of clay in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth, 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 63.0

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Mean

Attribute_Definition: Mean grain size

Attribute_Definition_Source: Inman, 1952

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2.1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 8.9

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Standard deviation

Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of grain size distribution

Attribute_Definition_Source: Inman, 1952

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.4

Range_Domain_Maximum: 3.7

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Skewness

Attribute_Definition: First skewness of grain size distribution

Attribute_Definition_Source: Inman, 1952

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.4

Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.7

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Carbon (Calcium carbonate)

Attribute_Definition: Calcium carbonate

Attribute_Definition_Source:

LECO induction furnace and carbon determinator after reduction of CO2

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.08

Range_Domain_Maximum: 2

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Organic carbon (TOC)

Attribute_Definition: Organic carbon (TOC)

Attribute_Definition_Source: LECO induction furnace and carbon determinator

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.29

Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.84

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lithology

Attribute_Definition: Graphical representation of lithologic type

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Graphical key given in source report

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sediment color

Attribute_Definition: Wet sediment color

Attribute_Definition_Source: Geological Society of America, 1951, Color chart

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Alpha numeric code based on Hue Value Chroma

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Amphibole

Attribute_Definition: Amphibole

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2

Range_Domain_Maximum: 13

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Epidote

Attribute_Definition: Epidote

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 2

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Garnet

Attribute_Definition: Garnet

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Kyanite

Attribute_Definition: Kyanite

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: Trace

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lithic fragments

Attribute_Definition: Lithic fragments

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 58

Range_Domain_Maximum: 75

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Clinopyroxenes

Attribute_Definition: Clinopyroxenes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3

Range_Domain_Maximum: 9

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Mica

Attribute_Definition: Mica

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 6

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Monazite

Attribute_Definition: Monazite

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: Trace

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Opaque minerals

Attribute_Definition: Optically opaque minerals

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 4

Range_Domain_Maximum: 15

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Orthopyroxenes

Attribute_Definition: Orthopyroxenes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 5

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Pyrite

Attribute_Definition: Pyrite

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: Trace

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sillimanite

Attribute_Definition: Sillimanite

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: Trace

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sphene

Attribute_Definition: Sphene

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Zircon

Attribute_Definition: Zircon

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 300 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: Trace

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Heavy minerals in 2-phi class

Attribute_Definition: Heavy minerals in 2-phi class

Attribute_Definition_Source: Fessenden, 1959

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 8.70

Range_Domain_Maximum: 33.61

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Heavy minerals in 3-phi class

Attribute_Definition: Heavy minerals in 3-phi class

Attribute_Definition_Source: Fessenden, 1959

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 3.03

Range_Domain_Maximum: 29.16

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: P.O. Box 357940

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060

Resource_Description:

University of Washington Department of Oceanography Technical Report 111

Distribution_Liability:

Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data.

Standard_Order_Process:

Non-digital_Form:

Report is available at libraries and the University of Washington.

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites: None

Available_Time_Period:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1962

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 2005

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Person: Jane A. Reid

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Physical and mail

Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive

City: Santa Cruz

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4727

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jareid@usgs.gov

Contact_Instructions: email preferred

Metadata_Standard_Name: CSDGM Version 2

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints:

Metadata was written by a user of the data. Any information contained in the physical report is authoritative and supercedes any information given here.