Modern sediments of Willapa Bay, Washington: A coastal plain estuary

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Robert S. Andrews

Publication_Date: 1965

Title:

Modern sediments of Willapa Bay, Washington: A coastal plain estuary

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Paper

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Technical Report

Issue_Identification: No. 118

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Seattle, WA

Publisher: University of Washington

Other_Citation_Details:

Department of Oceanography; Reference: M65-8 U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)-1725 and Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-477(10) Project NR 083 012; Office of Naval Research Contract Nonr-477(37) Project RR 004-03-01;

Description:

Abstract:

"Willapa Bay, a coastal plain estuary, contains extensive tidal faults cut by channels and distributaries. Well-sorted fine sand occurs throughout the bay, with increasing amounts of silt- and clay-size sediment present on the tidal flats near the south end of the bay and adjacent to the mouths of rivers flowing into the bay. The channels are generally scored of this fine sediment by strong bottom currents. Organic carbon and organic nitrogen contents increased with decreasing mean grain-size, and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen revealed two types of organic matter in the bay. One type, associated with the fine-grained sediment on the tidal flats, had an average ratio of 13.8; the other type, associated with the coarser channel sediments, had an average ratio of 6.1. At the bay entrance a littoral drift to the north results in extensive shoaling north of Leadbetter Point and erosion on Cape Shoalwater. A southward migration of the channel through the tidal delta off the bay entrance indicates a littoral drift to the south in this area. Spits and shoals forming inside the bay entrance are a result of a net influx of fine sand into the bay from the eroding cape. The distribution of brackish-water to marine suites of foraminifera is closely related to the sedimentary environments in the bay. Heavy minerals indicate source areas for the sediment from the Columbia River drainage basin as well as the Willapa Bay drainage basin. Fine sand on the tidal flats east of Long Beach Peninsula is a relict of the growth of the spit."

Purpose:

"The objectives of this research are to describe the physical and chemical properties of the modern sediments in Willapa Bay, Washington, to define the source areas for these sediment and the sedimentary environments. Seventy-three grab samples and five core samples were collected in Willapa Bay. The only previous study of the bottom sediments in Willapa Bay was several textural analyses in the areas of dredging and harbor construction by the Seattle District Office, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (unpublished data)."

Supplemental_Information:

Samples were collected on the tidal flats on each side of the bay where possible, in the channel, and at other points of bathymetric significance. Shallow stations of the tidal flats were occupied by wading; deeper stations were occupied from a small boat.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1962

Ending_Date: 1963

Currentness_Reference: Publication date

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -124.0750

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -123.8733

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.7300

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.3800

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: University of Washington

Theme_Keyword: Department of Oceanography

Theme_Keyword: Van Veen

Theme_Keyword: Grab sampler

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: Oceans and Estuaries

Theme_Keyword: Location

Theme_Keyword: GeoscientificInformation

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:

NASA/Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Earth Science Keyword. Version 5.3.3

Theme_Keyword: Marine Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Biogenic Sediments

Theme_Keyword: Sediment Composition

Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Structures

Theme_Keyword: Sedimentary Textures

Theme_Keyword: Terrigenous Sediments

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System

Place_Keyword: Willapa Bay

Place_Keyword: Washington

Access_Constraints:

Report is available at libraries and the University of Washington

Use_Constraints:

Cite Robert S. Andrews and the University of Washington as originators of the data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: P.O. Box 357940

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195-7940

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name: TechRep118

Browse_Graphic_File_Description:

Screen grab of GIS-produced sample distribution, with bathymetry and land for reference.

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPG

Data_Set_Credit:

Robert S. Andrews at the University of Washington for the collection and analysis of data. For inclusion into usSEABED: digitization: Jennifer Mendonca (USGS); Formatting corrections: Jane Reid (USGS); and Chris Jenkins (University of Colorado).

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Tkme: Another editor for formal metadata by Peter N. Schweitzer (U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA 22092), version 2.9.13, Microsoft Windows Version 5.1; Microsoft Word 2000 9.0

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attribute accuracy depends on accuracy in original report. For usSEABED, data were digitized by hand (typed in), visually compared to source and corrected. Where appropriate, data were tested for completeness using MS Excel.

Logical_Consistency_Report: Data fall within normal ranges for the given parameters.

Completeness_Report:

Data digitized include (table 1): locations, granulometric analyses (sand, silt, clay), Inman statistics and Folk and Ward statistics; (table 2): Carbonate carbon, organic carbon, organic nitrogen, and C/N ratios; (table 3): heavy mineral fractions for the 3-phi and 4-phi size classes; (table 4): heavy fraction compositional analyses for the 3-phi and 4-phi size classes. Not digitized is table 5: foraminfera type and location.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Navigation by sextant; accuracy not noted in report. Latitudes and longitudes given in degrees, tenths, minutes.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Water depth determination by portable echo sounder; accuracy not noted in report. Water depths given in meters from mean low low water; stations without water depths sampled on tidal flats..

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

"Standard laboratory procedures were used for sieve and pipette analyses to determine the distribution of particle size in each sample (Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938).... The fractional weights for each 0.5phi increment of each samples were tabulated and the descriptive size statistics were computed (Creager, McManus, and Collias, 1962; Collias et al., 1963). The size statistics of Folk and Ward (1957), in phi notation, are used."

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Collias et al., 1963

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Creager, McManus and Collias, 1962

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Folk and Ward, 1957

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Krumbein and Pettijohn, 1938; Wentworth, 1922

Process_Date: Unknown

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: TechRep118

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: P.O. Box 357940

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 78

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.00028

Longitude_Resolution: 0.00028

Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: Point

Entity_Type_Definition: SDTS point

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sample number

Attribute_Definition: Sample number

Attribute_Definition_Source: University of Washington

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Alpha numeric number based on site and sampler type

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Gravel

Attribute_Definition: Amount of gravel in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth. 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 44

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sand

Attribute_Definition: Amount of sand in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth. 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 5.02

Range_Domain_Maximum: 100

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Silt

Attribute_Definition: Amount of silt in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth. 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 67.3

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Clay

Attribute_Definition: Amount of clay in sample

Attribute_Definition_Source: Wentworth. 1938

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 33.19

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Mean

Attribute_Definition: Mean grainsize

Attribute_Definition_Source: Folk and Ward, 1957

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: -0.39

Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.84

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Standard deviation

Attribute_Definition: Standard deviation of grain size distribution (sorting)

Attribute_Definition_Source: Folk and Ward, 1957

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.2

Range_Domain_Maximum: 4.14

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Phi

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Skewness

Attribute_Definition: Skewness of grain size distribution

Attribute_Definition_Source: Folk and Ward, 1957

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.9

Range_Domain_Maximum: 7.26

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Carbon (Calcium carbonate)

Attribute_Definition: Calcium carbonate

Attribute_Definition_Source: LECO gas analyser

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1.51

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Organic carbon (TOC)

Attribute_Definition: Organic carbon (TOC)

Attribute_Definition_Source: LECO gas analyser

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.02

Range_Domain_Maximum: 2.37

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Organic nitrogen

Attribute_Definition: Organic nitrogen

Attribute_Definition_Source: LECO gas analyser

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.01

Range_Domain_Maximum: 0.19

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: C/N

Attribute_Definition: Ratio of carbon to nitrogen

Attribute_Definition_Source: Source report

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2

Range_Domain_Maximum: 15.2

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Unitless

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shepard classification

Attribute_Definition: Sediment classification by ratio of sand-silt-clay

Attribute_Definition_Source: Shepard, 1957

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Sediment classification

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Amph

Attribute_Definition: Amphibole in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 8

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Clino

Attribute_Definition: Clinopyroxene in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 12

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Epid

Attribute_Definition: Epidote in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 5

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Garn

Attribute_Definition: Garnet in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 18

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Heavy fraction

Attribute_Definition: Heavy fragments in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.6

Range_Domain_Maximum: 17.7

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Kyanite

Attribute_Definition: Kyanite in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Lith

Attribute_Definition: Lithic fragments in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 1.6

Range_Domain_Maximum: 82.8

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Magnetic fraction

Attribute_Definition: Magnetic fraction in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0.2

Range_Domain_Maximum: 24.3

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Mica

Attribute_Definition: Mica in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 7

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Musc

Attribute_Definition: Muscovite in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Range_Domain_Maximum: 5

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Opaque minerals

Attribute_Definition: Optically opaque minerals in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 0

Range_Domain_Maximum: 49

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Ortho

Attribute_Definition: Orthopyroxenes in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: 2

Range_Domain_Maximum: 43

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 1

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sill

Attribute_Definition: Sillimanite in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: Trace

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Sph

Attribute_Definition: Sphene in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Zirc

Attribute_Definition: Zircon in 3- and 4-phi size classes

Attribute_Definition_Source: Grain count of 500 to 700 grains

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Range_Domain:

Range_Domain_Minimum: Trace

Range_Domain_Maximum: 1

Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Percent

Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: University of Washington

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Mail

Address: P.O. Box 357940

Address: University of Washington

City: Seattle

State_or_Province: WA

Postal_Code: 98195

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 206-543-5060

Resource_Description:

University of Washington department od Oceanography Technical Report 118

Distribution_Liability:

Although this dataset has been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data. Users of the data should be aware of limitations of the data due to possible imprecision due to navigational inaccuracies and limitations of the statistical data.

Standard_Order_Process:

Non-digital_Form:

Report is available at libraries and the University of Washington.

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites: None

Available_Time_Period:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1965

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 2005

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Person: Jane A. Reid

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: Physical and mail

Address: 400 Natural Bridges Drive

City: Santa Cruz

State_or_Province: CA

Postal_Code: 95060

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 831-427-4727

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jareid@usgs.gov

Contact_Instructions: Email preferred

Metadata_Standard_Name: CSDGM Version 2

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints:

Metadata was written by a user of the data. Any information contained in the physical report is authoritative and supercedes any information given here.