COASTAL CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE AMERY ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1961-2004

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Foley, Kevin M.

Originator: Ferrigno, Jane G.

Originator: Swithinbank, Charles

Originator: Williams, Richard S., Jr.

Originator: Orndorff, Audrey L.

Publication_Date: 2013

Title:

COASTAL CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE AMERY ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA: 1961-2004

Edition: first

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: map

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Geologic Investigations Map

Issue_Identification: I-2600-Q

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, Virginia U.S.A.

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/i2600Q>

Description:

Abstract:

Measurement of change in area and mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet is critically important during an interval of global warming, because of implications to rise in global sea level. For this reason, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has utilized its extensive archive of satellite images and maps, combined with MODIS and RADARSAT imagery and derived products to document changes in the cryospheric coastline of Antarctica. Although changes in the areal extent of the Antarctic ice sheet are not directly related to changes in mass balance, the two are related, and the analysis of the changing coastline can yield important data. This map portrays coastal change and glaciological features in the Amery Ice Shelf region. Coastal change is evident on the outlet glaciers along the coast, but most of the noticeable change occurs on the Amery Ice Shelf front.

Purpose:

The Coastal-Change and Glaciological Mapping Project has the following objectives: (1) to determine coastline changes that have occured in the past by incorporating data from a broad range of geospatial sources; (2) to establish an accurate baseline series of 1:1,000,000-scale maps that define, from the analysis of Landsat and RADARSAT images, the glaciological characteristics of the coastline of Antarctica; (3) to determine velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and ice shelves, and the position of the grounding line from analysis of Landsat images and other sources of the same areas taken over time; (4) to compile a comprehensive inventory of named and unnamed outlet glaciers and ice streams in Antarctica that are mappable from Landsat images or from ancillary sources such as maps, gazeteers, digital databases, etc.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1961

Ending_Date: 2004

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: 55.0

East_Bounding_Coordinate: 80.0

North_Bounding_Coordinate: -67.0

South_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.0

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: coastal change

Theme_Keyword: glaciology

Theme_Keyword: ice velocity

Theme_Keyword: iceberg

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus:

Alberts, F.G., ed., 1995, Geographic names of the Antarctic, second edition, 1995 -- Names approves by the United States Board on Geographic Names: Arlington, Va., National Science Foundation Report No. NSF 95-157, 834 p.

Place_Keyword: American Highland

Place_Keyword: Mac. Robertson Land

Place_Keyword: Amery Basin

Place_Keyword: Ingrid Christensen Coast

Place_Keyword: Kemp Coast

Place_Keyword: Lars Christensen Coast

Place_Keyword: Mawson Coast

Place_Keyword: Bjerkø Peninsula

Place_Keyword: Breidnes Peninsula

Place_Keyword: Cape Bruce

Place_Keyword: Cape Daly

Place_Keyword: Cape Darnley

Place_Keyword: Cape Fletcher

Place_Keyword: Cape Rouse

Place_Keyword: Cape Simpson

Place_Keyword: Cape Wilkins

Place_Keyword: Ives Tongue

Place_Keyword: Jetty Peninsula

Place_Keyword: Langnes Peninsula

Place_Keyword: Low Tongue

Place_Keyword: Mule Peninsula

Place_Keyword: Pioneer Crossing

Place_Keyword: Stornes Peninsula

Place_Keyword: Mawson Escarpment

Place_Keyword: Amery Ice Shelf

Place_Keyword: Arriens Glacier

Place_Keyword: Battye Glacier

Place_Keyword: Browns Glacier

Place_Keyword: Brunvoll Glacier

Place_Keyword: Budd Ice Rumples

Place_Keyword: Chaos Glacier

Place_Keyword: Charybdis Glacier

Place_Keyword: Collins Glacier

Place_Keyword: Cosgrove Glacier

Place_Keyword: Dålk Glacier

Place_Keyword: Dolinnyy Glacier

Place_Keyword: England Glacier

Place_Keyword: Fisher Glacier

Place_Keyword: Flatnes Ice Tongue

Place_Keyword: Forbes Glacier

Place_Keyword: Geysen Glacier

Place_Keyword: Glukhoy Glacier

Place_Keyword: Greenall Glacier

Place_Keyword: Hargreaves Glacier

Place_Keyword: Helmore Glacier

Place_Keyword: Hoseason Glacier

Place_Keyword: Hovde Glacier

Place_Keyword: Il Polo Glacier

Place_Keyword: Korotkiy Glacier

Place_Keyword: Kreitzer Glacier

Place_Keyword: Kronshtadtskiy Glacier

Place_Keyword: Lambert Glacier

Place_Keyword: Lepekhin Glacier

Place_Keyword: Manning Glacier

Place_Keyword: McKinnon Glacier

Place_Keyword: Mellor Glacier

Place_Keyword: Morgan Glacier

Place_Keyword: Mulebreen

Place_Keyword: Nemesis Glacier

Place_Keyword: Peterson Icefalls

Place_Keyword: Petkovic Glacier

Place_Keyword: Polar Record Glacier

Place_Keyword: Polar Times Glacier

Place_Keyword: Polarårboken Glacier

Place_Keyword: Polarforschung Glacier

Place_Keyword: Publications Ice Shelf

Place_Keyword: Ranvik Glacier

Place_Keyword: Razdelyayushchiy Glacier

Place_Keyword: Robert Glacier

Place_Keyword: Rofe Glacier

Place_Keyword: Rogers Glacier

Place_Keyword: Sørsdal Glacier

Place_Keyword: Sørsdal Glacier Tongue

Place_Keyword: Sandefjord Ice Bay

Place_Keyword: Scoble Glacier

Place_Keyword: Scylla Glacier

Place_Keyword: Shennong Glacier

Place_Keyword: Sheraton Glacier

Place_Keyword: Stevenson Glacier

Place_Keyword: Strahan Glacier

Place_Keyword: Styles Glacier

Place_Keyword: Tekuchiy Glacier

Place_Keyword: Tingey Glacier

Place_Keyword: Trail Glacier

Place_Keyword: Turk Glacier

Place_Keyword: Utstikkar Glacier

Place_Keyword: Utstikkar Glacier Tongue

Place_Keyword: Wilma Glacier

Place_Keyword: Beaver Lake

Place_Keyword: Law Plateau

Place_Keyword: Amery Peaks

Place_Keyword: Aramis Range

Place_Keyword: Athos Range

Place_Keyword: Cumpston Massif

Place_Keyword: McKaskle Hills

Place_Keyword: McLeod Massif

Place_Keyword: Porthos Range

Place_Keyword: Shaw Massif

Place_Keyword: Thomson Massif

Place_Keyword: Allison Dome

Place_Keyword: Anare Nunataks

Place_Keyword: Blake Nunataks

Place_Keyword: Dawson Nunatak

Place_Keyword: Goodspeed Nunataks

Place_Keyword: Melvold Nunataks

Place_Keyword: Mikkelsen Peak

Place_Keyword: Pionerskiy Dome

Place_Keyword: Point Appleby

Place_Keyword: Prince Charles Mountains

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints: None

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kevin M. Foley

Contact_Position: Physical Scientist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address:

U.S. Geological Survey
926A National Center
12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.

City: Reston

State_or_Province: Virginia

Postal_Code: 20192

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 703 648 5285

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kfoley@usgs.gov

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Date attributes are assigned to reflect the acquisition date of the image used to record a coastal feature.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

The COASTAL-CHANGE AND GLACIOLOGICAL MAP OF THE AMERY ICE SHELF AREA, ANTARCTICA is an assessment of change in coastal features examined in several time periods. Features from the 1960's are recorded from Defense Mapping Agency Maps. Landsat images, as single scenes and image mosaics, are used from the early 1970's to 2004. The 1997 time frame is represented by data collected from the RADARSAT 125 m Mosaic of Antarctica. The mosaic is comprised of images accquired in the course of a single mission dedicated to the production of the mosaic. The imagery was acquired from September 9, 1997 to October 20, 1997, a period of forty days. The position of coastal ice features are recorded from the year 2004 from the MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica.

Completeness_Report:

Data in the form of remote-sensing imagery were collected to study coastal features during three time periods from early from the 1970's to 2004. Defense Mapping Agency Maps provide ice front information for the 1960's. The RADARSAT 125 meter resolution mosaic of Antarctica provides complete and cloud-free coverage for the 1997 time period. The MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica provided ice front position for the year 2004.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

The RADARSAT 125m Mosaic of Antarctica is used as horizontal control for purposes of this project. Producers of the mosaic claim a postional accuracy of 150m RMS in coastal areas where geodetic control points are abundant. Accuracy decreases towards the interior of the continent, reaching a high of 5 kilometers.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Elevation data for this project was excerpted from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) produced by Byrd Polar Research Center in conjunction with the RADARSAT Mosaic of Antarctica. Vertical error of the DEM was assessed by comparison with six measured elevation transects. Three of the transects were done via GPS, one by radar echo sounding (RES) and two geodetic leveling. The range of vertical error is from 2 meters RMSE for a 129 kilometer GPS transect to 36 meters RMS for a 580 kilometer leveled transect.

Lineage:

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Source_Citation:

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Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

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Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7124109000101850

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

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Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20021208

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7131108000234250

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 131 Row 108

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20021208

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20021102

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7132108000233350

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 132 Row 108

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20021102

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20000223

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7134107000005450

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 134 Row 107

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20000223

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20021102

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7134108000233150

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 134 Row 108

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20021102

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20010106

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7136107000100650

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 136 Row 107

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20010106

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20010106

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7136108000100650

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 136 Row 108

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20010106

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20021123

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7138107000232750

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 138 Row 107

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20021123

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: USGS EROS Data Center

Publication_Date: 20021216

Title: Landsat 7 ETM+ Image LE7139107000235050

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image

Other_Citation_Details: Path 139 Row 107

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 20021216

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Landsat

Source_Contribution: coastal image

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Liu, H.

Originator: Jezek, K.

Originator: Li, B.

Originator: Zhao, Z.

Publication_Date: 2001

Title:

Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project Digital Elevation Model Version 2

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado, USA

Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center

Online_Linkage: <http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0082.html>

Type_of_Source_Media: online

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1940

Ending_Date: 1999

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Radarsat DEM V2

Source_Contribution: elevation data

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Jezek, Kenneth C.

Publication_Date: unknown

Title: RADARSAT-1 SAR Mosaic of Antarctica - Med Res (125m pixel)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Fairbanks, Alaska, USA

Publisher:

Alaska SAR Facility
Geophysical Institute
University of Alaska Fairbanks

Online_Linkage: <http://www.asf.alaska.edu/amm1/mosaic_med_res.html>

Type_of_Source_Media:

online
CD-ROM

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19970909

Ending_Date: 19971022

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Radarsat 125m Mosaic

Source_Contribution:

digital mapping base
position of dynamic coastal features in 1997

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Scambos, Ted

Originator: Raup, Bruce

Publication_Date: 2000

Title: Antarctic Ice Velocity Data: VELMAP

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Boulder, Colorado USA

Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)

Online_Linkage: <http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/velmap.html>

Type_of_Source_Media: online

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1956

Ending_Date: 1979

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Amery Ice Shelf Velocity Data

Source_Contribution: glacier velocity data

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Antarctic Division

Publication_Date: 19900101

Title:

1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Beaver Lake

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia

Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19890318

Ending_Date: 19891129

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Beaver Lake, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Antarctic Division

Publication_Date: 19950101

Title:

1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Mawson Escarpment North

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia

Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19890318

Ending_Date: 19891129

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Beaver Lake, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Antarctic Division

Publication_Date: 19950101

Title:

1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Mawson Escarpment South

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia

Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19890318

Ending_Date: 19890329

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mawson Escarpment South, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Antarctic Division

Publication_Date: 19970101

Title:

1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Mount Menzies

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia

Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19891118

Ending_Date: 19910116

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Mount Menzies, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Antarctic Division

Publication_Date: 19920101

Title:

1:100,000-scale Satellite Image Maps of Australian Antarctic Territory, Scylla Glacier

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Kingston, Australia

Publisher: Australian Antarctic Division

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19740315

Ending_Date: 19891118

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Scylla Glacier, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Division of National Mapping

Publication_Date: 19740101

Title:

1:500,000-scale ETRS Imagery Series of Australian Antarctic Territory, Sheet SR 41-42d

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Canberra, Australia

Publisher: Division of National Mapping, Dept. of National Development

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19711001

Ending_Date: 19711001

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ETRS SR 41-42d, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Division of National Mapping

Publication_Date: 19750101

Title:

1:500,000-scale ETRS Imagery Series of Australian Antarctic Territory, Sheet SR 40-42b

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Canberra, Australia

Publisher: Division of National Mapping, Dept. of National Development

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19740101

Ending_Date: 19740101

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ETRS SR 40-42b, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Australian Division of National Mapping

Publication_Date: 19750101

Title:

1:500,000-scale ETRS Imagery Series of Australian Antarctic Territory, Sheet SR 40-42/4

Edition: 1st ed.

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: satellite image map

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Canberra, Australia

Publisher: Division of National Mapping, Dept. of National Development

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19740101

Ending_Date: 19740101

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: ETRS SR 40-42/4, Antarctica

Source_Contribution: ice configuration and features

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Hardcopy Landsat images are used where digital data are not available. Hardcopy is used in almost all cases. Hardcopy images are scanned to TIFF format digital files at a resolution of 400 dots per inch and a grayscale depth of 256 shades of gray. TIFF files are imported into commercial image-processing software for spatial correction. The images are corrected using a first-order polynomial adjustment based on tie-point correlation to the georeferenced RADARSAT mosaic. Standard procedure dictates that tie-points are best selected to form uniform distribution across the image to be corrected. The procedure for selecting tie-point deviated from standard procedure for two reasons: (1) Radar images such as the RADARSAT base suffer from "layover" or displacement of relief in the horizontal plane in the direction of the nadir line with respect to the sampling device. The degree of displacement is proportional to the magnitude of relief so tie-points are selected only in areas of low relief. (2) Coastal features are the primary interest of this study so tie-points are selected preferentially on or near coastal features in order to assure that corrections to the image are based preferentially on coastal feature data.

Process_Date: 2005

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Row_Count: 6971

Column_Count: 8387

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address:

Box 25286
Building 810
Denver Federal Center

City: Denver

State_or_Province: Colorado

Postal_Code: 80225

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4200

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202 4188

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov

Hours_of_Service: hours: 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM Monday through Friday (Mountain Time)

Distribution_Liability:

Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty, expressed or implied is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related material nor shall the fact of distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in connection therewith.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20030718

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Kevin Foley

Contact_Organization:

U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Division, Eastern Region, Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address:

U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Mail Stop 926A

City: Reston

State_or_Province: Virginia

Postal_Code: 20192

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (703) 648-5285

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (703) 648-6032

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998