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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY


Ghaba Salt Basin Province and Fahud Salt Basin Province, Oman -- Geological Overview and Total Petroleum Systems

By
RICHARD M. POLLASTRO

World Map with Province

Open-File Report 99-50-C








Limitations, conditions, and risks that will affect areas of exploration, particular plays, and sizes and numbers of fields include:

     1. the occurrence of pore-plugging pyro- bitumen in Haima reservoirs in areas along Makarem-Mabrouk high. 
     2. low (15-20°) API, biodegraded oils in Haushi and Haima reservoirs in areas close to meteoric recharge, particularly along east-southeast flank of the Ghaba Salt Basin and in Huqf-Haushi Uplift Province (2013). 
     3. substantial risk of low quality (nitrogen rich) gas along Oman Mountain front and overthrust. 

     It is predicted in this study that a large portion of the exploration efforts in north-central Oman will be focused on deep gas/condensate resources in Haima, and possibly Huqf, reservoirs. Because much of the gas resource is likely to be discovered in existing fields, a large gas growth factor, the Mid-Continent growth factor derived from the U.S.Geological Survey 1995 National Oil and Gas Assessment (J.W. Schmoker, USGS) was used in the assessment of resources. 

Fahud Salt Basin Province (2016)

North Oman Huqf - Shu'aiba(!) Total Petroleum System (201601)
     The North Oman Huqf - Shu'aiba(!) Total Petroleum System is interpreted here as the dominant petroleum system of the Fahud Salt Basin Province of north Oman and overlaps, in part, with the Middle Cretaceous Natih(!) TPS discussed in the following section. The first half of the TPS name implies a combination of all source beds of the Huqf Supergroup in the Fahud Salt Basin Province which generate the `pure Huqf-type" oils, referred to here as `North Oman Huqf' -type, as defined by the stratigraphic and geochemical data of Grantham and others (1988), Sykes and Abu Risheh (1989), Richard and others (1998a, b), and Terken (1998; in press). The second half of the system name refers to the carbonate reservoirs (porous rudist buildups and fractured chalk) of the Cretaceous Shu'aiba Formation, which to date have produced most of the hydrocarbons generated from this system (for example, Yibal field, Knott, 1998). Similar to the North Oman Huqf/`Q' — Haushi(!) TPS, numerous reservoirs of various age and lithology are included in this system and are summarized in figure 5. Approximately one-third of the fields produce from Shu'aiba reservoirs; however, in-place reserves from the high porosity, low permeability, fractured Shu'aiba at Yibal field 

alone are estimated at about 3 billion barrels of "stocktank oil" (Alsharan and Nairn, 1997). The North Oman Huqf — Shu'aiba(!) TPS is summarized in the events chart of figure 9

     Most of the hydrocarbons produced from the Huqf source rocks are developed within the Infracambrian salt basin with some source rocks developed locally within Huqf basinal lows (Sykes and Abu Risheh, 1989; Visser, 1991; Lake, 1986; Richard and others, 1998a, b). The geographic extent of 1) the pod of active source rock, 2) minimum petroleum system, and 3) maximum or Total Petroleum System for the North Oman Huqf — Shu'aiba(!) TPS all coincide and are shown in figure 14. The North Oman Huqf — Shu'aiba(!) TPS is interpreted here to extend beyond the the Fahud Salt Basin Province boundary and onto the central portion of the Makaram-Mabrouk high of the Central Oman Platform Province (2015). A small portion of the system also extends into the eastern flank portion of the Rub `al Khali Province (2019 ). Thus, the boundary onto the Makarem-Mabrouk high, Central Oman Platform Province, indicates that some fields, particularly deep gas fields, are charged from Huqf hydrocarbons generated within the Fahud Salt Basin (Amthor and others, 1998). The minimum petroleum system boundary is defined by the known occurrence and distribution of North Oman Huqf-type oils (Grantham and others, 1988; Sykes and Abu Risheh, 1989; Guit and others, 1995; Al-Ruwehy and Frewin, 1998; Richard and others, 1998a, b; and Terken, 1998; in press) in fields or wells throughout the area and interpreted here as sourced from Huqf rock units deposited within, or in association with, the greater Fahud Salt Basin proper. All known oil and gas fields that occur within the minimum petroleum system boundary for the North Oman Huqf— Shu'aiba(!) TPS are listed in table 2. The Total Petroleum System boundary for the North Oman Huqf — Shu'aiba(!) TPS is defined as the maximum areal extent of hydrocarbons generated by Huqf source rocks of the Fahud Salt Basin proper. The estimated range of depth to Huqf source rocks within the TPS boundary interpreted from the published structure contour maps of Sykes and Abu Risheh (1989) is 5,000 m to >8,000 m. 

Reservoirs, seals, and trap styles
     Names and ages of reservoirs of the North Oman Huqf — Shu'aiba(!) TPS and corresponding seals and hydrocarbons produced are summarized in figure 5 and figure 9. Over 90 percent of the fields in the Fahud Salt Basin, half of which are gas fields, produce from the high 


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U. S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-50D