SONAR_05M_STR.TIF: Sidescan-sonar mosaic, with linear stretch applied, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey off the southern shore of Martha's Vineyard, MA, 2007. (GeoTIFF IMAGE)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: U.S. Geological Survey
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
SONAR_05M_STR.TIF: Sidescan-sonar mosaic, with linear stretch applied, collected by the U.S. Geological Survey off the southern shore of Martha's Vineyard, MA, 2007. (GeoTIFF IMAGE)
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2008-1288
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1288/GIS_catalog/Sonar/sonar_05m_str.zip>
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1288/html/gis.html>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Denny, J.F.
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Originator: Foster, D.S.
Originator: Sherwood, C.R.
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Geophysical Data Collected off the South Shore of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts
Edition: 1.0
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: online
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2008-1288
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1288/>
Description:
Abstract:
The USGS Woods Hole Science Center conducted a nearshore geophysical survey offshore of the southern coast of Martha's Vineyard, in the vicinity of the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO) in August 2007. This mapping program was part of a larger research effort supporting the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Ripples Directed-Research Initiative (DRI) studies at MVCO by providing data collection and modeling. The geophysical data will be used to provide initial conditions for wave and circulation models for the study area. Ultimately, geophysical mapping, oceanographic measurements and modeling will help to improve our understanding of coastal sediment-transport processes.

The geophysical mapping utilized a suite of high-resolution instrumentation to map the surficial sediment distribution, depth and sub-surface geology: dual-frequency 100/500 KHz sidescan-sonar system, 234-KHz interferometric sonar, and 500 Hz -12 KHz chirp sub-bottom profiler. The survey was conducted aboard the M/V Megan Miller August 9-13, 2007. The study area covers 35 square kilometers from about 0.2 km to 5-km offshore of the south shore of Martha's Vineyard, and ranges in depth from ~ 5 to 20 meters.

Purpose:
The sidescan-sonar mosaic will be used to identify bedforms and surficial sediment distribution in the vicinity of the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory. The composite image will also be used as a base map for divers to collect sediment cores at fine and coarse sand boundaries prior to placement of oceanographic instruments.

Applying a fixed linear stretch to the sidescan-sonar data provides a TIF image with an increased dynamic range to highlight features (i.e. bedforms) on the seafloor.

Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20070809
Ending_Date: 20070813
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.606602
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.509756
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.352586
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.297266
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHSC
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Number 07011
Theme_Keyword: R/V Megan Miller
Theme_Keyword: Sidescan Sonar
Theme_Keyword: Acoustic Backscatter
Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF Image
Theme_Keyword: L3-Klein System 3000 Digital Side Scan Sonar
Theme_Keyword: Dual-frequency sidescan-sonar (100/500 kHz)
Theme_Keyword: side scan sonar
Theme_Keyword: sidescan sonar
Theme_Keyword: mosaic
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: Southeastern Massachusetts
Place_Keyword: Martha's Vineyard
Place_Keyword: Cape Cod
Place_Keyword: Elizabeth Islands
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Northeast United States
Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 5084572310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1288/GIS_catalog/Sonar/sonar_05m_str_sm.jpg>
Browse_Graphic_File_Description:
Thumbnail image of sidescan-sonar data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey off the southern shore of Martha's Vineyard, 2007
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: Danforth, W.W.
Originator: O'Brien, T.F.
Originator: Schwab, W.C.
Publication_Date: 1991
Title:
USGS image processing system: near real-time mosaicking of high-resolution sidescan-sonar data
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Sea Technology
Issue_Identification: January 1991
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: Sea Technology
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: William W. Danforth
Publication_Date: 1997
Title:
XSonar/ShowImage: A complete system for rapid sidescan-sonar processing and display.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 97-686
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: V.F. Paskevich
Publication_Date: 1996
Title:
MAPIT: An improved method for mapping digital sidescan sonar data using the Woods Hole Image Processing System (WHIPS) Software
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 96-281
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
All sidescan-sonar data were collected with a Klein dual-frequency sidescan-sonar system. The 100-kHz data were used to generate the sidescan-sonar mosaic. Quality control during data processing minimized any data inconsistencies and/or anomalies. All data were processed with a similar methodology.
Completeness_Report:
All available data were used to create the backscatter mosaic. Sidescan-soar data were collected along shore-parallel tracklines. Sonar data were not acquired along shore-perpendicular tie lines. Data gaps within the sidescan-sonar image correspond to slight course change to steer around MVCO 12-meter node and ASIT. Additional gaps are due to obstacle avoidance and removal of poor quality data during QC (e.g. 100 meter data gap between tracklines 4 and 6).
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) navigation data were acquired with a LGBX Pro receiver and sent directly to the sidescan-sonar acquisition software, L3-Klein Associates, SonarPro. The LGBX Pro received DGPS positions from a DGPS antenna located on the starboard, aft roof of the acquisition van. The layback of the sidescan-sonar towfish was measured with a digital block cable counter. The cable counter data were sent directly to SonarPro as a serial string. SonarPro computes the actual tow-fish position using the DGPS input and the layback. The following offsets are measured prior to deployment of the sidescan-sonar tow-fish and entered into SonarPro: height of the block, offset from DGPS antenna to the block, and height of the DGPS antenna above the waterline. Prior to deploying the sidescan-sonar tow-fish, the tow-fish is hauled to the block in order to zero the cable counter. DGPS accuracy is 1 to 3 meters, depending on the distance from a US Coast Guard coastal repeater station (<http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/>).
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Source_Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20070809
Ending_Date: 20070813
Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Source_Contribution:
Data were acquired with an L3-Klein Associates 3000 digital, dual-frequency, sidescan-sonar (www.l-3klein.com). Dual frequencies are nominally 100 (132 kHz) and 500 (445 kHz) kHz. The sidescan-sonar was towed aft of the R/V Megan Miller. A digital cable-out display was used to measure tow-fish layback. Layback and DGPS input were used by the SonarPro acquisition software to calculate position of the sonar tow-fish and store in the raw data files. Line spacing varied from 40 meter in ~ 5 to 15 meter water depth to 75 meters in ~15 - 25 meter water depth. Data files were recorded with SonarPro 10.0 in XTF (extended-Triton Format) format at a 0.03-sec ping rate yielding a 50-meter range (100-meter swath). The 100 kHz data were used to generate the sidescan-sonar mosaic. The data range within the sidescan-sonar mosaic (digital number values (DN) of the 8-bit image) is 0 - 250, with the background value (i.e. No DATA) set to 255.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
XSonar/ShowImage (no version) sidescan-sonar processing software (version: none) was used to process the raw XTF sonar data following the methodology of Danforth, (1997). A 4 across track x 3 along track pixel median filter was applied to the raw sidescan-sonar data to remove speckle noise and a normalization of 4095 was applied to adjust the dynamic range within the output processed file. Processed data are stored as 8-bit. Navigation were also extracted from the raw data at a 1-minute interval and saved in ASCII file. Quality checks were conducted on the navigation to eliminate spurious or duplicate navigation fixes. The sonar data were further processed to correct for towfish altitude (i.e. proper tracking of the seafloor), and slant-range and beam pattern distortions inherent in the sonar data. Processed sonar files were then merged with the edited navigation. Processed sonar files were then mapped at a 0.5-meter resolution in UTM coordinates (UTM, Zone 19N, WGS84, meters) and saved in two XSonar/ShowImage mosaic files representing odd and even (i.e. every other line) sonar tracklines, or files.
Process_Date: 2008
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 5084572310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The Unix Portable Bitmap Format (PBM) utilities, rawtopgm and pnmtotiff, were used to extract the 80-byte header from the XSonar/ShowImage odd and even mosaic files and convert the raw raster image to a TIFF image file. (rawtopgm -headership 80 #xpixel #ypixel *.ras | pnmtotiff - > *.tif)

Software: PBM utilities (1x)

Process_Date: 2008
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 5084572310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The odd and even tiff images were then imported into PCI Geomatica Software (version 10.1) and digitally mosaicked at a 0.5-meter pixel resolution using PCI's OrthoEngine based on the procedures described in Paskevich (1996). The composite mosaic was registered in the UTM (Zone 19N, WGS84, meters) coordinate system and exported as a GeoTIFF image with ESRI world file in case the GeoTIFF cannot be read.

Software: PCI Geomatica (10.1)

Process_Date: 2008
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The TIFF image was then imported to Adobe Photoshop CS3 in order to adjust the 8-bit range of the image file, so that areas of no data (i.e. the background) are represented by a pixel value of 255 and areas of data range from pixel values of 0 to 250. The 'color range' tool, under the 'Select' menu was used to isolate areas of no data. The 'inverse' tool was then used to isolate areas of data.

A linear stretch was then applied using 'Images, Adjustments, Levels' tools to the data to increase the dynamic range, mapping input values of 0 to 100 to a range of 0 to 250.

Software: Adobe Photoshop CS3 (10.0.1)

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: sonar_05m.tif
Process_Date: 2008
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: sonar_05m_str.tif
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 5084572310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Pixel
Row_Count: 12000
Column_Count: 16000
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 19
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
False_Easting: 500000.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 0.500000
Ordinate_Resolution: 0.500000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 5084572310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: WinZip
Format_Version_Number: 9.0
Format_Information_Content:
This WinZip file contains a GeoTIFF image and associated world file and metadata of sidescan-sonar mosaic acquired off the southern shore of Martha's Vineyard, MA, 2007.
File_Decompression_Technique: Use WinZip or pkUnzip
Transfer_Size: 80 MB
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
<https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1288/GIS_catalog/Sonar/sonar_05m_str.zip>
Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW).
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
This Zip file contains a GeoTIFF image and world file. To utilize these data the user must have an image viewer, image processing or GIS software package capable of importing a GeoTIFF image.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20091004
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Jane Denny
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700x2311
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 5084572310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: jdenny@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
Generated by mp version 2.8.25 on Sun Oct 04 15:44:27 2009