Raw and modified raw continuous resistivity profiling data collected in the Indian River Bay, Delaware, on April 15, 2010, on U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2010-006-FA

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Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: John F. Bratton
Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Raw and modified raw continuous resistivity profiling data collected in the Indian River Bay, Delaware, on April 15, 2010, on U.S. Geological Survey Field Activity 2010-006-FA
Edition: 1
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2011-1039
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage:
<http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1039/data/resistivity/raw_resis/apr15_raw.zip>
Online_Linkage:
<http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1039/html/ofr2011-1039-catalog.html>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: V.A. Cross
Originator: J.F. Bratton
Originator: H.A. Michael
Originator: K.D. Kroeger
Originator: A. Green
Originator: E. Bergeron
Publication_Date: 2014
Title:
Continuous Resistivity Profiling and Seismic-Reflection Data Collected in April 2010 from Indian River Bay, Delaware
Edition: 1
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2011-1039
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Reston, VA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1039/>
Online_Linkage: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111039>
Description:
Abstract:
A geophysical survey to delineate the fresh-saline groundwater interface and associated sub-bottom sedimentary structures beneath Indian River Bay, Delaware, was carried out in April 2010. This included surveying at higher spatial resolution in the vicinity of a study site at Holts Landing, where intensive onshore and offshore studies were subsequently completed. The total length of continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) survey lines was 145 kilometers (km), with 36 km of chirp seismic lines surveyed around the perimeter of the bay. Medium-resolution CRP surveying was performed using a 50-meter streamer in a bay-wide grid. Results of the surveying and data inversion showed the presence of many buried paleochannels beneath Indian River Bay that generally extended perpendicular from the shoreline in areas of modern tributaries, tidal creeks, and marshes. An especially wide and deep paleochannel system was imaged in the southeastern part of the bay near White Creek. Many paleochannels also had high-resistivity anomalies corresponding to low-salinity groundwater plumes associated with them, likely due to the presence of fine-grained estuarine mud and peats in the channel fills that act as submarine confining units. Where present, these units allow plumes of low-salinity groundwater that was recharged onshore to move beyond the shoreline, creating a complex fresh-saline groundwater interface in the subsurface. The properties of this interface are important considerations in construction of accurate coastal groundwater flow models. These models are required to help predict how nutrient-rich groundwater, recharged in agricultural watersheds such as this one, makes its way into coastal bays and impacts surface water quality and estuarine ecosystems. For more information on the survey conducted for this project, see <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2010-006-FA>.
Purpose:
The purpose of this dataset is to provide the raw and modified raw continuous resistivity profile data collected on April 15, 2010 in Indian River Bay by the AGI SuperSting system. Modifications to the raw data were necessary in order to prepare the data for processing. In order to effectively process the resistivity data, valid depth values are necessary. This raw dataset contains the original GPS files as well as the "newgps" files that are used in the eventual processing of the data.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Single_Date/Time:
Calendar_Date: 20100415
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.190433
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -75.076000
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.620000
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 38.576217
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Number 2010-006-FA
Theme_Keyword: Info Bank ID K-6-10-DL
Theme_Keyword: navigation
Theme_Keyword: bathymetry
Theme_Keyword: water temperature
Theme_Keyword: continuous resistivity profiling
Theme_Keyword: CRP
Theme_Keyword: R/V Knob
Theme_Keyword: Lowrance GPS
Theme_Keyword: AGI SuperSting
Theme_Keyword: raw data
Theme_Keyword: groundwater
Theme_Keyword: submarine groundwater
Theme_Keyword: Open-file Report 2011-1039
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: location
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Place_Keyword: North America
Place_Keyword: North Atlantic Ocean
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: Delaware
Place_Keyword: Indian River Bay
Place_Keyword: Indian River Inlet
Place_Keyword: Holts Landing
Place_Keyword: Piney Neck
Place_Keyword: Rosedale Beach
Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:
The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095

Data_Quality_Information:
Logical_Consistency_Report:
Each file was looked at individually, but the files as a collection were handled in the same manner.
Completeness_Report:
Apparent gaps based on the file naming convention appear in this dataset. These data files were not omitted, no data were collected on these lines. The apparent missing files from this day are L20F1, L34F1, L37F1, and L46F1.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The navigation system used was a Lowrance 480M with an LGC-2000 Global Positioning System (GPS) antenna. The antenna was located directly above the fathometer transducer mount point, but offset to the starboard by 2 meters from the resistivity streamer tow point. GPS data are assumed to be accurate wtihin 10 meters on this survey.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
All bathymetry values were acquired by the 200 kHz Lowrance fathometer. The fathometer was mounted on the starboard side of the R/V Knob, directly below the GPS antenna. The Lowrance manufacturer indicates the speed of sound used by the system to calculate depth is 4800 feet/second. The depth values are not corrected for the approximately 0.2 m transducer draft. All depth values are assumed to be accurate to within 1 meter.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Contribution:
The continuous resistivity profile (CRP) system used on this cruise was an AGI SuperSting marine system described at the website: www.agiusa.com/marinesystem.shtml. The particular system used for this acquisition was a 50-m streamer with an 11 electrode array with electrodes spaced 5 meters apart. The source electrodes are graphite, while the receiver electrodes are stainless steel. A dipole-dipole configuration was used for the data collection in which two fixed current electrodes are assigned with the measurement of voltage potential between electrode pairs in the remaining electrodes. The maximum depth below the water surface the streamer can reach is approximately 1/4 the streamer length. So for the 50-m streamer, maximum depth is about 12.5 meters. Each line of data acquisition records several files. The two files necessary for processing are the *.stg and the *.gps file. The STG file contains the resistivity data, while the GPS file contains the navigation information. The navigation system used in concert with the CRP system is a Lowrance LMS-480M with an LGC-2000 GPS antenna and a 200 kHz fathometer transducer. The antenna and fathometer transducer were mounted on the starboard side of the boat. The streamer tow point was on the port side aft. The layback offset between the navigation antenna and the first electrode was 17.6 meters on April 13 and 14. On April 15 the antenna and transducer were moved 1.6 m aft changing the layback offset to 16 m. This layback offset is accounted for by the acquisition system. The approximately 2 m lateral offset is not accounted for. The Lowrance transducer also contains a temperature sensor. Lowrance indicates the speed of sound used by the system is 4800 feet/second. Both the temperature and depth information are recorded in the logged GPS file. There are instances where no depth or temperature information is recorded due to an equipment problem. The CRP system images the subsurface electrical properties of an estuarine, riverine or lacustrine environment. Resistivity differences can be attributed to subsurface geology (conductive vs less conductive layers) and hydrogeologic conditions with fresh water exhibiting high resistivity and saline conditions showing low resistivity.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The acquisition controlling command file (*.cmd) was set up indicating an electrode spacing of 1 meter. At the time of data acquisition, a scaling factor of 5 was used to reflect the actual 5 meter electrode spacing of the streamer. The data were transferred from the logging computer vi AGISSAdmin software version 1.3.4.198. These files were then emailed from the field to the USGS office in Woods Hole in a single WinZip file. The data files included in this release are the *.crs, *.cmd, *.gps, and *.stg. The two files essential for processing are the GPS and STG files. The GPS file contains the navigation, and in the case of the Lowrance system also includes water depth and water temperature. The STG file contains the resistivity measurements from each of the electrodes. The CRS file contains the contact resistance readings. The CMD file contains the parameters for data collection. These last two files aren't necessary for data processing, but can be useful in terms of troubleshooting. The field collection and data transfer were done by Emile Bergeron of the USGS.
Process_Date: 20100415
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: JD104_ZIP.zip
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: Emile M. Bergeron
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Electronics Technician
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2337
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2313
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ebergeron@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The first step is to check the navigation in the GPS files. This is done by quickly parsing the GPS text file into a comma-delimited text file with a header line, and then viewing that file in ArcMap 9.2. The AWK script used to parse the navigation was awkhold.

awkhold:
BEGIN {
FS = ","
}
{
FS = ","
ARGC = 2
depth = -9999
temp = -9999
if ($1=="$GPRMC")
	{
	utctime = $2
	utcdate = $10
	latdeg = substr($4,1,2)
	latmin = substr($4,3,6)
	declat = latdeg + (latmin/60)
	londeg = substr($6,1,3)
	lonmin = substr($6,4,6)
	declon = -1 * (londeg + (lonmin/60))
	if (NR==1) {
		holddepth = -9999
		holdtemp = -9999
		}
	else {
		printf("%s, %s, %9.6f, %9.6f, %5.1f, %5.1f, %s\n", holdutctime, holdutcdate, holddeclon, holddeclat, holddepth, holdtemp, ARGV[2])
	}
	holdutctime = utctime
	holdutcdate = utcdate
	holddeclon = declon
	holddeclat = declat
	holddepth = -9999
	holdtemp = -9999
	}
if ($1=="$SDDPT")
	{
	depthreal = $2
	holddepth = depthreal
	}
if ($1=="$SDMTW")
	{
	tempreal = $2
	holdtemp = tempreal
	}
}
END {
printf("%s, %s, %9.6f, %9.6f, %5.1f, %5.1f, %s\n", holdutctime, holdutcdate, >holddeclon, holddeclat, holddepth, holdtemp, ARGV[2])
}
This file was executed by a shell script to effectively batch process all the files in a single folder with the extension gps. The batch processor was dohold.

dohold:
files=`ls *.gps | cut -d. -f1 | tr "[A-Z"] ["a-z"]`
for file in $files
do
	awk -f awkhold $file.gps $file > $file.holds
done
Under Cygwin, all of the *.holds files were concatenated into a single comma-delimited text file and a header line added to the file. The header line added to the text file was: gpstime, gpsdate, longitude, latitude, depth_m, temp_c, line. Using ArcMap 9.2 - Tools - Add XY Data, the comma-delimited text file was added as an event theme to ArcMap. Quick visual inspection indicated the navigational fixes appear valid.
Process_Date: 201004
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Although the navigation fixes themselves were in good condition, the bathymetry data was very sparse. A great deal of work was done to extract the best possible depth value associated with each resistivity GPS reading. This information is outlined in detail in the metadata for jd105gps_bestdepth.shp available at <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1039/html/ofr2011-1039-catalog.html>. In order to effectively process the resistivity data, valid depth values are necessary. This raw dataset contains the original GPS files as well as the "newgps" files that are used in the eventual processing of the data. The first step in generating these "newgps" files was to use XTools Pro version 5.2 within ArcMap 9.2 to export attributes from jd105gps_bestdepth.shp. XTools Pro - Table Operations - Export Table to Text. The fields exported were: gpstime; gpsdate; longitude; latitude; temp_c; line; bestdepth. The output was sent to jd105newgps.txt as an ANSI text file.
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: jd105gps_bestdepth.shp
Process_Date: 201005
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: jd105newgps.txt
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The output text file is comma-delimited with a header line. Using VI under Cygwin (a Unix emulator running under Windows OS), the file was edited to remove the header line. Then an AWK script was run to reformat the text file to replicate a GPS file format.

awknewgps:
BEGIN {
FS=","
}
{
FS=","
alltime=$1
alldate=$2
tempc=$5
depth=$7
outfile=$6 "_newgps.gps"
declon=$3 * -1
londeg=int(declon)
lonmin=(declon-londeg)*60
declat=$4
latdeg=int(declat)
latmin=(declat-latdeg)*60
printf("$GPRMC,%06d,A,%02d%06.3f,N,%03d%06.3f,W,000.0,0,%06d,0,W*73\n",alltime,latdeg,latmin,londeg,lonmin,alldate) >> outfile
printf("$SDDPT,%s,0.0*56\n",depth) >> outfile
if (tempc != -9999) {
	printf("$SDMTW,%s,C*01\n",tempc) >> outfile
	}
}
Effectively what this script does is not only format the GPS file, but also output the information to the appropriate filename (which is based on the line name).
Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: jd105newgps.txt
Process_Date: 201005
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l20f2_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l21f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l22f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l23f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l24f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l25f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l26f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l26f2_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l27f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l28f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l29f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l30f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l31f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l32f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l33f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l35f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l36f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l37f2_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l38f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l39f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l40f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l41f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l42f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l43f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l44f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l45f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l46f2_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l47f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l48f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l49f1_newgps.gps
Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: l50f1_newgps.gps
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.000001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Degrees and decimal minutes
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Depth_System_Definition:
Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
Depth_Resolution: 0.1
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Implicit coordinate

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: ASCII
Format_Information_Content:
The WinZip (v. 14) file contains all the raw CRP data from April 15, 2010 as well as the associated metadata files.
Transfer_Size: 1.3 MB
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
<http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1039/data/resistivity/raw_resis/apr15_raw.zip>
Network_Resource_Name:
<http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1039/html/ofr2011-1039-catalog.html>
Network_Resource_Name: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111039>
Fees: None.
Technical_Prerequisites:
The data are provided in a zip compressed file. The user must have software capable of uncompressing the archive. In addition, the raw data are available in a format compatible with AGI Geosciences Marine Log Manager software. The user must have software capable of reading the AGI format in order to process these data.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20140630
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Generated by mp version 2.9.6 on Mon Jun 30 16:20:46 2014