BASEMUDISO: ESRI Binary 75-m Grid of the Base of the Mud Isopach of Apalachicola Bay based on Seismic-Reflection Profiles Collected in 2006 from U.S. Geological Survey Cruise 06001 (UTM, Zone 16, WGS84)

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Metadata:

Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: David C. Twichell
Originator: VeeAnn A. Cross
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
BASEMUDISO: ESRI Binary 75-m Grid of the Base of the Mud Isopach of Apalachicola Bay based on Seismic-Reflection Profiles Collected in 2006 from U.S. Geological Survey Cruise 06001 (UTM, Zone 16, WGS84)
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1003
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1003/data/grids/mudisopach.zip>
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1003/html/catalog.html>
Larger_Work_Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator: V.A. Cross
Originator: D.C. Twichell
Originator: D.S. Foster
Originator: T.F. O'Brien
Publication_Date: 2012
Title:
Apalachicola Bay Interpreted Seismic Horizons and Updated IRIS Chirp Seismic-Reflection Data
Edition: 1
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2012-1003
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1003/>
Description:
Abstract:
Apalachicola Bay and St. George Sound contain the largest oyster fishery in Florida, and the growth and distribution of the numerous oyster reefs here are the combined product of modern estuarine conditions and the late Holocene evolution of the bay. A suite of geophysical data and cores were collected during a cooperative study by the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Services Center, and the Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve to refine the geology of the bay floor as well as the bay's Holocene stratigraphy. Sidescan-sonar imagery, bathymetry, high-resolution seismic profiles, and cores show that oyster reefs occupy the crests of sandy shoals that range from 1 to 7 kilometers in length, while most of the remainder of the bay floor is covered by mud. The sandy shoals are the surficial expression of broader sand deposits associated with deltas that advanced southward into the bay between 6,400 and 4,400 years before present. The seismic and core data indicate that the extent of oyster reefs was greatest between 2,400 and 1,200 years before present and has decreased since then due to the continued input of mud to the bay by the Apalachicola River. The association of oyster reefs with the middle to late Holocene sandy delta deposits indicates that the present distribution of oyster beds is controlled in part by the geologic evolution of the estuary. For more information on the surveys involved in this project, see <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2005-001-FA> and <http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2006-001-FA>.
Purpose:
This grid represents the interpretation of the base of mud horizon presented as an isopach grid. This interpretation is based on seismic-reflection profiles collected in 2006 in Apalachicola Bay. The base of mud surface separates the late Holocene estuarine deposits into two units based on changes in the depositional history of the bay. This grid is an isopach grid representing the thickness of the deposit. This grid, combined with the sea floor surface would yield the base of mud surface.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20060531
Ending_Date: 20060627
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -85.096952
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -84.873700
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.727790
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 29.598613
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey
Theme_Keyword: USGS
Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Theme_Keyword: CMGP
Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC
Theme_Keyword: Field Activity Serial Number 06001
Theme_Keyword: Field Activity 2006-001-FA
Theme_Keyword: Info Bank ID R-1-06-GM
Theme_Keyword: interpreted horizon
Theme_Keyword: seismic-reflection
Theme_Keyword: seismic interpretation
Theme_Keyword: ESRI grid
Theme_Keyword: R/V Rafael
Theme_Keyword: ASV ISIS
Theme_Keyword: Autonomous Surface Vessel
Theme_Keyword: Independently (or) Remotely Influenced Surveyor
Theme_Keyword: Chirp seismics
Theme_Keyword: EdgeTech FSSB 424
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: elevation
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: oceans and estuaries
Theme_Keyword: oceans and coastal
Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation
Theme_Keyword: location
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: General
Place_Keyword: Apalachicola Bay
Place_Keyword: Florida
Place_Keyword: Apalachicola National Estuarine Research Reserve
Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico
Place_Keyword: United States
Place_Keyword: St. Vincent Island
Place_Keyword: Little St. George Island
Place_Keyword: St. George Island
Place_Keyword: North America
Access_Constraints: None.
Use_Constraints:
The public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.
Native_Data_Set_Environment:
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4000
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: D.C. Twichell
Originator: B.D. Andrews
Originator: H.L. Edmiston
Originator: W.R. Stevenson
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Geophysical mapping of oyster habitats in a shallow estuary; Apalachicola Bay, Florida
Edition: 1
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2006-1381
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1381/>
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: D.C. Twichell
Originator: E.A. Pendleton
Originator: R.Z. Poore
Originator: L.E. Osterman
Originator: K.W. Kelso
Publication_Date: 2009
Title:
Vibracore, radiocarbon, microfossil, and grain-size data from Apalachicola Bay, Florida
Edition: 1
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Open-File Report
Issue_Identification: 2009-1031
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Online_Linkage: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1031/>
Cross_Reference:
Citation_Information:
Originator: E. Bergeron
Originator: C.R. Worley
Originator: T.F. O'Brien
Publication_Date: 2007
Title:
Progress in the development of shallow-water mapping systems: using an autonomous surface vehicle for shallow-water geophysical studies
Series_Information:
Series_Name: Sea Technology
Issue_Identification: v. 48, no. 6, p. 10-15
Publication_Information:
Publication_Place: Arlington, VA
Publisher: Compass Publications, Inc.
Data_Quality_Information:
Completeness_Report:
All useable seismic-reflection profiles collected in 2006 within Apalachicola Bay were used in the interpretation.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
The R/V Rafael acquired data recording navigation using a Real Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS at a one second interval. The GPS antenna was mounted over the bathymetric sonar. The seismic pole mount system was on the starboard side and approximately 1.5 meters aft of the bathymetry system. No offset was added to the navigation for the seismic data. For seismic data collected with the IRIS system, an RTK GPS system was also used. The GPS antenna for IRIS was mounted directly over the seismic transducer.
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
For the Rafael seismic system, the transducers were located approximately 1 meter below the water surface. This offset was not adjusted for. For the IRIS system, the transducers are barely below the water surface, less than half a meter. This depth is not adjusted for.
Lineage:
Source_Information:
Source_Contribution:
The seismic data used for the interpretation come from two different seismic systems. The bulk of the data are from the EdgeTech FSSB 424 system pole mounted on the R/V Rafael. These data were logged in SEG-Y format using SBLogger. This system had a 1/4 second fire rate. The remainder of the data, in the shallower areas, were acquired with the USGS IRIS system. IRIS is a remotely operated vehicle that has an EdgeTech FSSB 424 chirp sub-bottom profiling system mounted to it. The seismic data were recorded by JSTAR, a software package developed by EdgeTech. This system had a much faster fire rate, almost 15 times per second. The EdgeTech FSSB 424 is a chirp sub-bottom profiler that operates within a 4-24kHz frequency range. The IRIS vehicle is navigated using Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS. The antenna is mounted directly on the platform to minimize navigational error. The R/V Rafael was also navigated with an RTK GPS system with the navigation antenna approximately 1.5 meters forward of the seismic transducer. This offset was not accounted for.
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Two different seismic systems acquired data in Apalachicola Bay in 2006. One system was the EdgeTech FSSB 424 (4-24kHz) aboard the R/V Rafael. These data were acquired as SEG-Y files using SBLogger. The second seismic system was also an EdgeTech FSSB 424 chirp system mounted on the USGS autonomous vehicle IRIS. These data were acquired with JSTAR in JSF format and converted to SEG-Y format using a C-program written by Tom O'Brien (USGS, Woods Hole). These SEG-Y files were then converted from IEEE format to IBM floating point using SIOSEIS, and the shots were renumbered starting at one. With initial preparation work on the seismic data complete, these data and navigation needed to be loaded into Landmark SeisWorks software for interpretation. In order to load the seismic data and navigation into Landmark SeisWorks software the navigation needed to be extracted from the header of the seismic data. An AWK script was used to extract the navigation from the seismic data headers and export in UTM, Zone 16 eastings and northings, rounded to the nearest meter.
Process_Date: 2006
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Once the navigation is extracted from the seismic data, this navigation has to be loaded into the interpretation software. In this case, that's Landmark SeisWorks version R2003. The navigation is loaded using Data - Management - Seismic Data Manager. A new survey is created (06001 for the Rafael data, asv06 for the IRIS data). Then, Data - Import - Seismic Data Loader and point to the navigation text file. When loading the navigation, use a decimation of 0, use first shot point if duplicates are found, and overwrite data in target project if necessary. A decimation of zero was used because the IRIS navigation had already been decimated to take every 5th record from the complete navigation extracted from the headers of the IRIS seismics. The Rafael data did not need decimation. The Rafael data had a 1/4 second fire rate while the IRIS data fired at approximately 15 shots per second. Once the navigation is loaded and verified, then the actual seismic data can be loaded. To do this, use PostStack Data Loader. There was a small issue in working with seismic data in SeisWorks where it's better to have all the seismic profiles at the same sample rate. It's a display issue in the interpretation phase where opening a profile in a window with a different sample rate than the previously loaded profile doesn't always refresh the window properly. The result is an incorrect interpretation - the interpreted line falls in the wrong spot vertically. The seismic data were resampled to the same sample rate to eliminate this problem. The Rafael acquired data used two different sample rates: 40 microseconds and 80 microseconds. The Rafael seismics were all resampled to 40 microseconds in the PostStack data loader. Additionally, the lines had an automatic 8-bit scaling applied to each profile. The IRIS seismic lines were acquired with two sample rates - 23 microseconds and 46 microseconds. All of the lines were resampled to a 40 microsecond sampling interval in PostStack data loader and had an automatic 8-bit scaling applied to each profile. With the seismic data now loaded, the project has to be modified so these changes are reflected in the surveys and the data can be interpreted.
Process_Date: 2007
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The base of mud surface separates the late Holocene estuarine deposits into two units based on changes in the depositional history of the bay. The older unit is characterized by closely-spaced weak-amplitude reflectors that locally are capped by a single high-amplitude flat-lying reflector. The younger unit is acoustically transparent, buries the weak-amplitude unit and onlaps and in places completely buries the high-amplitude reflectors. The surface is best represented as an isopach due to the nature of the surface (sometimes very thin but present and in other places uninterpretable from the seismics). The base of mud horizon in some areas of the seismics pinches out and other areas it couldn't be interpreted. These areas that were uninterpretable have to be accounted for, otherwise when this horizon is merged with the seafloor to generate the isopach map, the non-interpretable areas would appear as pinch outs. The interpreter actually generated several base of mud horizons in Landmark - and all of these horizons had to be merged together. Landmark only allows two horizons to be merged at a time, so these individual horizons were merged in a series of process steps. The obvious data were in the horizon "base_of mud". These interpreted lines were merged with base_of_mud-poor_data to form basemud_mrg1. Then basemud_mrg1 was merged with base_of_oyster-top _of_delta_sand to form basemud_mrg2. In order to distinguish where mud pinched out and where the mud just couldn't be seen to interpret, a new horizon "mud_cant_interpret" was created. This horizon will be in the water column - exactly where it's located doesn't matter as long as it's above the seafloor. The idea is that this horizon can be merged with the mud prior to merging the mud horizon with the seafloor. Then when the seafloor horizon is subtracted from the mud horizon to generate the isopach surface the negative values will be obvious and can be deleted. So the next merge is to merge basemud_mrg2 with mud_cant _interpret to form basemud_mrg4. Then to generate a complete surface over the study area, merge basemud_mrg4 with seafloor to create basemud_mrg5. And finally, the mud isopach data is placed in basemud_mrg5_minus_sf by basemud_mrg5 minus seafloor.
Process_Date: 2007
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: David C. Twichell
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Oceanographer
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2266
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: dtwichell@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Once the interpretation is complete, the horizon is exported as a text file with the line name, easting, northing, and the depth to the horizon - in this case that depth represents and isopach thickness - in milliseconds (two-way travel time). This process step and all subsequent process steps were overseen by the same person - VeeAnn A. Cross.
Process_Date: 2008
Process_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
A header line is added to the exported text file, and converted from a tab-delimited file to a comma-delimited file. The negative millisecond values are deleted at this time.
Process_Date: 2008
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
ArcMap 9.2 was used to load this text file as an event theme using Tools - Add XY data. The projection is defined on input as UTM, Zone 16, WGS84.
Process_Date: 2008
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
This event theme is converted to a shapefile by right mouse click - Data - Export Data and generating the output shapefile bmmrg5.shp.
Process_Date: 2008
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Any points falling outside Apalachicola Bay were deleted. The attribute filter_ms was added to the shapefile. Any points known to fall within 75 meters of manmade features such as spoil areas and dredged navigation channels had the filter_ms attribute set to a value of -9999 (standard NODATA value). These points were flagged using the Selection tool - Select by Location. Points were selected in the shapefile that intersected with ApalachicolaBaseMap polygon shapefile with a buffer applied to the polygon of 75 meters. The ApalachicolaBaseMap polygon is available from USGS Open-File Report 2006-1381. Field calculator was used to fill the attribute filter_ms with -9999 values in the selected records.
Process_Date: 2008
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
The attribute "mtrs_1800" was added to the shapefile. Field calculator was used to convert the seismic two-way millisecond travel time to meters using a speed of sound of 1800 meters per second. Records with the value -9999 in the filter_ms attribute were selected and the -9999 value was copied to the mtrs_1800 attribute.
Process_Date: 2008
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Using ArcMap 9.2 - ArcToolbox - Spatial Analyst Tools - Interpolation - Topo to Raster. Input features: bmmrg5.shp attribute mtrs_1800 data type PointElevation. The boundary file was gridbnds_utm16mod.shp. The output grid is basemudiso with a cell size of 75 meters. Smallest Z value was set to -50 in order to omit the -9999 values. Drainage enforcement was set to NO_ENFORCE and the primary type of input data was set to spot.
Process_Date: 2008
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Row_Count: 186
Column_Count: 285
Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 16
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -87.000000
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
False_Easting: 500000.000000
False_Northing: 0.000000
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 75.000000
Ordinate_Resolution: 75.000000
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: This grid represents thickness values in meters.
Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability:
Neither the U.S. government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: WinZip
Format_Version_Number: 9.0
Format_Information_Content:
The WinZip contains the ESRI binary grid (both the grid folder and the info folder) as well as the associated metadata.
Transfer_Size: 0.237
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1003/data/grids/mudisopach.zip>
Network_Resource_Name: <http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1003/html/catalog.html>
Fees: none
Technical_Prerequisites:
These data are available as a 32-bit floating point raster in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) format. To utilize these data, the user must have software capable of viewing or importing an ESRI raster.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20120418
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Person_Primary:
Contact_Person: VeeAnn A. Cross
Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
Contact_Position: Marine Geologist
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.
City: Woods Hole
State_or_Province: MA
Postal_Code: 02543-1598
Contact_Voice_Telephone: (508) 548-8700 x2251
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (508) 457-2310
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: vatnipp@usgs.gov
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
Metadata_Extensions:
Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile
Generated by mp version 2.9.6 on Wed Apr 18 17:08:14 2012