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U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012–1005

Sea-Floor Character and Sedimentary Processes of Block Island Sound, Offshore Rhode Island


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Title | List of Figures | Conversion Factors | Abstract | Introduction | Setting | Methods | Bathymetry | Sediment Distribution | Bottom Photography | GIS Data Catalog | Summary | Acknowledgments | References | Contacts | Index


Stations 1-43

Stations 44-86

 

Station  /  Lithologic Description

BIS1 / Scattered boulders and cobbles at the beginning of the drift track changing to undulating sand with small burrows near the end. Starfish, hydrozoans, cancer crabs, flounder, sponges, and scattered shells and shell debris are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis1a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis1b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis1c

 

 

BIS2 / Flat to undulating muddy sand with dense fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small burrows. Hydrozoans, sponges, starfish, cancer crabs, small finfish, and flounder are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis2a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis2b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis2c
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis2d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis2e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis2f

 

 

 

BIS3 / Flat to undulating to faintly rippled sand with locally dense fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small burrows. Hydrozoans, scattered shells, starfish, cancer crabs, small finfish, skate, and flounder are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis3a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis3b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis3c
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis3d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis3e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis3f

 

 

 

BIS4 / Flat to undulating sand with scattered fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small burrows. Burrowing anemones and starfish are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis4a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis4b

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.bis4c Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.bis4d

BIS5 / Flat to undulating sand with scattered small burrows and patches of worm and amphipod tubes. Hydrozoans, hermit crabs, starfish, and shells are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis5a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis5b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis5c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis5d

 

BIS6 / Clean current-rippled sand with shell debris concentrated in the ripple troughs. Hydrozoans, hermit crabs, starfish, and skate are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis6a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis6b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis6c

 
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis6d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis6e

 


 

BIS7 / Current-rippled sand in a scour depression. Some shell debris and small burrows concentrated in the ripple troughs. Hermit crabs and moon snails are present.

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bis7a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis7b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis7c

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bis7d

 

BIS8 / Boulders and cobbles overgrown with hydrozoans, anemones, and erect sponges at the beginning of the drift track changing to rippled sand with shell debris and some burrows and pea gravel concentrated in the ripple troughs. Skate, moon snails, and hermit crabs are present.

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bis8a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis8b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis8c
 
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis8d

 

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bis8e

 

 

BIS9 / Current-rippled sand with burrows, fine-sand tubes (primarily worm), and some shell debris concentrated in the ripple troughs. Starfish, skate, and moon snails are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis9a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis9b

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis9c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis9d

BIS10 / Current-rippled clean sand on sand waves separated by scattered patches of boulders overgrown with hydrozoans, anemones, and erect sponges. Starfish and skate are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis10a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis10b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis10c


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bis10d

BIS11 / Undulating bioturbated sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Skate, starfish, flounder, and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis11a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis11b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis11c

 

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bis11d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis11e

 


 

BIS12 / Cobbles and a few boulders overgrown with hydrozoans, anemones, and erect and encrusting sponges, and separated by patches of pebble gravel and rippled sand. Small burrows, flounder, small finfish, and starfish are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis12a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis12b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis12c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis12d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis12e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis12f
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis12g


 

BIS13 / Faintly rippled to flat sand with patches of abundant shells and shell debris. Hydrozoans, cancer crabs, finfish, tubes, and small burrows are present.

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bis13a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis13b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis13c

 
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis13d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis13e

 


 

BIS14 / Undulating bioturbated sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small burrows. Skate, starfish, sponges, scattered shells and shell debris, and cancer crabs are present. Line from a lobster pot string is visible in video.

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bis14a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis14b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis14c

 
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bis14d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis14e

 


 

BIS15 / Undulating, bioturbated, muddy sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Starfish, flounder, hydrozoans, and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis15a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis15b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis15c

 
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis15d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis15e

 


 

BIS16 / Undulating bioturbated sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Skate, starfish, traces of shell debris, and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis16a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis16b

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis16c


Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis16d

BIS17 / Faintly rippled to flat sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small burrows. Hydrozoans, cancer crabs, skate, scattered shells, and starfish are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis17a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis17b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis17c


Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis17d

BIS18 / Cobbles separated by patches of pebble gravel, pea gravel, and sand with the sea floor becoming sandier along the drift transect. Cobbles are overgrown with hydrozoans and hydroids. Spider and cancer crabs, starfish, and finfish are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis18a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis18b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis18c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis18d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis18e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis18f
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis18g


 

BIS19 / Flat to undulating bioturbated sand with small burrows and some fine-sand tubes (primarily worm). Hydrozoans, snails, shells and shell debris, and hermit crabs are present. Live quahog recovered in grab.

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bis19a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis19b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis19c


 

BIS20 / Flat to undulating bioturbated sand with small and large burrows, some fine-sand tubes (primarily worm), and shelly patches. Skate, flounder, sea urchins and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis20a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis20b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis20c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis20d

 

BIS21 / Undulating bioturbated sand with small and large burrows, some fine-sand tubes (primarily worm), and shelly patches. Hydrozoans, moon snail casings, and cancer and hermit crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis21a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis21b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis21c


 

 

BIS22 / Undulating to faintly rippled bioturbated sand with small and large burrows, some fine-sand tubes (primarily worm), and shelly patches. Hydrozoans, sea urchins, and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis22a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis22b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis22c

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis22d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis22e

 


 

BIS23 / Undulating, bioturbated sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Starfish, hydrozoans, and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis23a

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis23b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis23c

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bis23d

BIS24 / Flat to undulating, bioturbated sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Animal tracks and spider, cancer, and hermit crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis24a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis24b

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis24c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis24d

BIS25 / Boulders and cobbles overgrown with hydrozoans, hydroids, and encrusting and erect sponges separated by patches of pebble and pea gravel. Finfish and starfish are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis25a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis25b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis25c
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis25d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis25e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis25f

 

 

 

BIS26 / Undulating bioturbated sand with worm and amphipod tubes and small burrows. Cancer crabs and a few scattered shells are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis26a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis26b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis26c
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis26d

 

BIS27 / Flat to undulating, bioturbated sand with fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Animal tracks and spider and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis27a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis27b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis27c
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis27d

BIS28 / Flat to undulating, bioturbated sand with small and large burrows, some fine-sand tubes (primarily worm), and shelly patches. Hydrozoans, animal tracks, starfish, moon snails, flounder, and spider and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis28a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis28b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.bis28c Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.bis28d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis28e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis28f

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.bis28g  

BIS29 / Undulating to hummocky bioturbated muddy sand with locally dense fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Starfish, traces of shell debris, and cancer crabs are present.

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bis29a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis29b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis29c

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis29d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis29e

 


 

BIS30 / Undulating sand with worm and amphipod tubes, small and large burrows, starfish, and snails.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis30a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis30b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis30c


 

BIS31 / Undulating to hummocky bioturbated muddy sand with locally dense fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows. Starfish, shrimp, flounder, skate, and cancer crabs are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis31a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis31b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis31c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis31d

 

BIS32 / Undulating bioturbated sand with dense fine-sand tubes (primarily worm), small and large burrows, starfish, drifting seaweed, and skate.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis32a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis32b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis32c

 

 

BIS33 / Undulating bioturbated sand with dense patches of fine-sand tubes (primarily worm). Small and large burrows, cancer crabs, numerous starfish, skate, and scattered shells are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis33a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis33b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis33c

 
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bis33d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis33e

 


 

BIS34 / Current-rippled clean sand on sand waves. Starfish, cancer crabs, and skate are present.

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bis34a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis34b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis34c

 
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bis34d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis34e

 


 

BIS35 / Boulders and cobbles overgrown with hydrozoans, anemones, and encrusting and erect sponges separated by patches of pebble gravel and rippled sand with shell debris in the troughs. Skate and starfish are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis35a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis35b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis35c

 

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis35d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis35e

 


 

BIS36 / Rippled sand in the trough of a large sand wave. Scattered but dense patches of fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and small and large burrows; skate, starfish, and moon snails are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis36a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis36b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis36c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis36d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis36e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis36f

 


 

BIS37 / Clean, current-rippled sand near the crest of a large sand wave. A few starfish and cancer crabs are present.

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bis37a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis37b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis37c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis37d

 

BIS38 / Boulders and cobbles overgrown with sponges and red algae and seaweed separated by patches of pebble gravel and rippled gravelly sand with shell debris in the troughs. Finfish and starfish are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis38a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis38b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis38c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis38d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis38e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis38f

 

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bis38g

 

BIS39 / Undulating bioturbated muddy sand. Dense fine-sand tubes (primarily worm), small and large burrows, starfish, cancer crabs, and drifting seaweed are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis39a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis39b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis39c

 
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis39d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis39e

 


 

BIS40 / Pebble gravel with scattered boulders and cobbles. Green and red seaweed, encrusting sponges, and numerous white starfish are present.

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bis40a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis40b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis40c

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis40d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis40e
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis40f

 


 

BIS41 / Megaripples with sandy crests and gravelly troughs at the start of drift track; faintly rippled sand with scattered burrows and patches of fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) toward the end of the station. Moon snails and cancer crabs are present.

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bis41a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis41b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis41c


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bis41d

BIS42 / Boulders and cobbles overgrown with kelp, red seaweed, and encrusting sponges, separated by current-rippled gravelly sand and sand with shell debris in the troughs. Finfish and moon snail casings are present.

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bis42a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis42b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis42c

 
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis42d
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis42e

 


 

BIS43 / Undulating, bioturbated muddy sand with dense fine-sand tubes (primarily worm) and scattered large and small burrows. Cancer crabs and a few shells are present.

Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis43a
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis43b
Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis43c


Thumbnail of a photograph of the sea floor, click to view full scale photograh.
bis43d

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