K-73-NC (AKA K-1-73-NC) - http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/k/k173nc/html/k-1-73-nc.meta.html
Bartlett 72 (AKA B-1-72-SC) - http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/b/b172sc/html/b-1-72-sc.meta.html
L-10-76-NC (AKA L-10-76-HW) http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l1076hw/html/l-10-76-hw.meta.html
L-2-77-NC - http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/l/l277nc/html/l-2-77-nc.meta.html
S-3-78-NC (AKA S-3-78-SC) http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s378sc/html/s-3-78-sc.meta.html
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology.
Data Source 1 (32° to 41°N lat.; Chase and others, 1992a, 1992b; https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2089/c/, https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2090/c/)
Bathymetric contours between 32°N and 41°N. were digitized from a map by Chase and others (1981) and from the unpublished large scale versions of that map (T. E. Chase, unpub. data, 1981). Chase and others (1981 and unpub. data) obtained the data for the area seaward of the continental slope (-2000 m depth) primarily from the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS) 1955 Pacific Exploratory Survey, a systematic and detailed (~8-nmi-trackline spacing) survey between Mexico and Canada. The USGS provided data from cruises S3-78-NC, L2-77-NC, L10-76-NC, K-73-NC, and Bartlett 72. Data were also obtained from Scripps Institution of Oceanography cruises Blue Flash, Kayak B, Scan I, and Seven Tow (Chase and Menard, 1971; Chase and others, 1975). The 200-m contour was derived from the National Ocean Service charts 1206N-16 (1975a) and 1306N-20 (1975b), and C&GS charts 1206N-15 (1967a) and 1306N-19 (1967b). Sea-floor depths were corrected for sound velocity in sea water using Matthew's (1939) tables.
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Data source 2 (40° to 49°N lat.; Grim and others, 1992; https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2091/c/)
Bathymetric contours for 40° to 49°N lat. were compiled from five sources: a published map (Chase and others, 1981), NOAA digital bathymetric data from the Juan De Fuca Ridge, NOAA digital bathymetric data from the continental slope off the coast of Oregon, and unpublished maps of the Gorda Ridge (M.L. Holmes, unpub. data, 1989) and the sea floor west of 130° W. (T.E. Chase, unpub. data, 1990). The areas of the map compiled from each of these sources are indicated in figure 4.
For Area 1 (fig. 4) data used in the region seaward of the continental slope (~2000-m depth) were obtained primarily by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS) during the 1955 Pacific Exploratory Survey, a systematic and detailed (~8-nmi-trackline spacing) survey between Mexico and Canada. Data were also obtained from Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) cruises Kayak E, Scan I, and Seven Tow (Chase and Menard, 1971; Wilde and others, 1977, 1978, 1979). The 200-m contour was derived from C&GS charts 1308N-12, 1308N-17, and 1308N-22 (Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1968a, 1968b, 1969).
The data contoured in Area 2 (fig. 4) were collected by NOAA from 1980 to 1990 in support of ongoing plate-boundary dynamics studies. The research program, originally part of the National Ocean Service (NOS), later became the VENTS research program, based at NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory in Newport, Oreg. All data were collected using Sea Beam multibeam sonar systems.
Area 3 (fig. 4) contours are based on high-resolution bathymetric data collected, to date, in about 45 percent of the West Coast Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) by the NOS using multibeam, swath-sounding techniques. When this map and two adjacent map panels were compiled, only the data from Area 3 were available for inclusion.
The primary source of the data contoured in Area 4 (fig. 4) was the C&GS 1955 Pacific Exploratory Survey. Interpretation was aided by data from the USGS, the University of Washington, and SIO. Since compilation of the data from Area 1 (Chase and others, 1981), bathymetric surveys have revealed a high degree of roughness of the sea floor in the West Coast EEZ. In an attempt to depict this roughness, the contours in Area 4 have been drawn with a rippled appearance.
The data contoured in Area 5 (fig. 4) were obtained in 1983 by the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics using the SeaMARC II swath-mapping system (Blackinton and Hussong, 1983). The survey, concentrated in the axial and near axial zone of the Gorda Ridge and in the eastern part of the Blanco Fracture Zone, was part of a USGS-Minerals Management Service cooperative study on mineral resources in the U.S. EEZ. These data were partially published by Clague and Holmes (1986). Area 5 also was surveyed as part of the VENTS program. Contours of those data were used to verify the contours from the SeaMARC II data.
At adjoining boundaries, the various datasets were in very good agreement. Automated and interactive computer techniques were used to link contours between datasets where no adjustment was required for smooth joining of the contours. When an adjustment was needed, contours in the gaps between datasets were manually drawn, digitized, and interactively linked to the contours from adjacent datasets.
NOS survey positioning was determined using the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) spheroid whereas this map was compiled using the North American Datum of 1927(NAD 27) spheroid. At 1:1,000,000 scale, the difference between the two, which is approximately 100 m on the Earth's surface in the mapped area, is almost imperceptible.
REFERENCES CITED
Amante, C. and Eakins, B.W., 2009, ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder CO, NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. doi:10.7289/V5C8276M, accessed 6 Feb 2009.
Blackinton, J.G., and Hussong, D.M., 1983, First results of a combination side-scan sonar and seafloor mapping system (SeaMARC II), Houston, Texas, May 2-5, 1983, Offshore Technology Conference, Proceedings, p. 307-314.
Chase, T.E., and Menard, H.W., 1971, Bathymetric atlas of the northeastern Pacific Ocean: U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office Publication 1303, scale 1:2,000,000 at 33° latitude, 48 p.
Chase, T.E., Wilde, Pat, and Normark, W.R., 1975, Oceanographic data of the Monterey Deep Sea Fan: San Diego, University of California, Institute of Marine Resources Publication TR 58, scale 1:898,524 at 35° latitude.
Chase, T.E., Wilde, Pat, Normark, W.R., Miller, C.P., Seekins, B.A., and Young, J.D., 1981, Offshore topography of the Western United States between 32° and 49° North latitudes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-443, scale 1:864,518 at 38° latitude, 2 sheets.
Clague, D.A. and Holmes, M.L., 1986, Geology, petrology, and mineral potential of the Gorda Ridge, in Scholl, D.W., Grantz, Arthur, and Vedder, J.G., eds., Geology and resource potential of the continental margin of Western North America and adjacent ocean basins - Beaufort Sea to Baja California, v. 6 of Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources Earth Science Series: Houston, Texas, Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral Resources, p. 563-580.
Matthews, D.J., 1939, Tables of the velocity of sound in pure water and sea water (2d ed.): London, Admiralty, Hydrographic Department, H.D. 282, 52 p.
National Ocean Service, 1975a, Hungington Beach to Punta Sal Si Puedes: National Ocean Service Bathymetric Map 1206N-16, scale 1:250,000.
National Ocean Service, 1975b, Cape San Martin to Point Conception: National Ocean Service Bathymetric Map 1306N-20, scale 1:250,000.
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1967a, Santa Barbara to Huntington Beach : Coast and Geodetic Survey Bathymetric Map 1206N-15, scale 1:250,000.
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1967b, Southwest of Santa Rosa Island: Coast and Geodetic Survey Bathymetric Map 1306N-19, scale 1:250,000.
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1968a, Umpqua River to Cape Ferrelo: Coast and Geodetic Survey Bathymetric Map 1308N-17, scale 1:250,000.
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1968b, Tillamook Head to Heceta Head: Coast and Geodetic Survey Bathymetric Map 1308N-22, scale 1:250,000.
U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1969, Point St. George to Point Delgada: Coast and Geodetic Survey Bathymetric Map 1308N-12, scale 1:250,000.
Wilde, Pat, Chase, T.E., Holmes, M.L., Normark, W.R., and Thomas, J.A., 1977, Oceanographic data off Washington 46° to 49° North including the Nitinat Deep Sea Fan: Berkeley, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Publication 223, scale 1:748,602 at 47° latitude.
Wilde, Pat, Chase, T. E., Holmes, M.L., Normark, W.R., Thomas, J.A., McCulloch, D.S., Carlson, P.R., Kulm, L.D., and Young, J.D., 1979, Oceanographic data off Oregon 43° to 46° North including the Astoria Deep Sea Fan: Berkeley, University of California, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Publication 253, scale 1:776,073 at 45° latitude.
Wilde, Pat, Chase, T.E ., Holmes, M.L., Normark, W.R., Thomas, J.A., McCulloch, D.S., and Kulm, L.D., 1978, Oceanographic data off northern California-southern Oregon 40° to 43°.
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Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data.
Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey.
This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document these data in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS-specific terminology.
MIN MAX MEAN STDV
-1983.217 2848.723 -4.279 129.323 (meters)
This database has been approved for release and publication by the Director of the USGS. Although this database has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof.