1-meter backscatter imagery collected in 2013 by the U.S. Geological Survey south of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts (2013-003-FA_Backscatter_1m.tif, 8-bit GeoTIFF, UTM Zone 19N, WGS 84)

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 2016

Title:

1-meter backscatter imagery collected in 2013 by the U.S. Geological Survey south of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket, Massachusetts (2013-003-FA_Backscatter_1m.tif, 8-bit GeoTIFF, UTM Zone 19N, WGS 84)

Edition: 1.0

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2016-1168

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place:

Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Online_Linkage:

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/GIS_catalog/raster/backscatter/2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.zip

Online_Linkage:

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/ofr2016-1168-data_catalog.html

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Seth D. Ackerman

Originator: Laura L. Brothers

Originator: David S. Foster

Originator: Brian D. Andrews

Originator: Wayne E. Baldwin

Originator: William C. Schwab

Publication_Date: 2016

Title:

High-Resolution Geophysical Data From the Inner Continental Shelf: South of Martha's Vineyard and North of Nantucket, Massachusetts

Edition: 1.0

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 2016-1168

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Reston, VA

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Online_Linkage: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161168

Online_Linkage: https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/

Description:

Abstract:

These data were collected under a cooperative agreement between the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management (CZM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology Program, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (WHCMSC). Initiated in 2003, the primary objective of this program is to develop regional geologic framework information for the management of coastal and marine resources. Accurate data and maps of sea floor geology are important first steps toward protecting fish habitat, delineating marine resources, and assessing environmental changes due to natural or human impacts. The project is focused on the inshore waters of coastal Massachusetts, primarily in water depths of 5 to 30 meters (m) deep. Data collected for the mapping cooperative have been released in a series of USGS Open-File Reports (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/). The geophysical data were collected during a survey in 2013 during USGS Field Activity 2013-003-FA (http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fa=2013-003-FA) and cover approximately 185 square kilometers of the inner continental shelf.

Purpose:

This backscatter imagery layer represents approximately 185 square kilometers of interferometric sonar (Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. SWATHPlus-M) backscatter data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during USGS survey 2013-003-FA in 2013 offshore of Massachusetts, south of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket. These data can be used in conjunction with other geophysical and sample data to identify sea-floor morphology and sediment texture.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20130522

Ending_Date: 20130611

Currentness_Reference:

ground condition of survey dates: 20130522-20130611; see Completeness_Report for more information

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.810609

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -70.029975

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.390816

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.192901

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey

Theme_Keyword: USGS

Theme_Keyword: Coastal and Marine Geology Program

Theme_Keyword: CMGP

Theme_Keyword: Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center

Theme_Keyword: WHCMSC

Theme_Keyword: seafloor

Theme_Keyword: sea floor

Theme_Keyword: Marine Geology

Theme_Keyword: field activity 2013-003-FA

Theme_Keyword: field activity number 13003

Theme_Keyword: USGS CMG InfoBank ID U-03-13-MA

Theme_Keyword: raster

Theme_Keyword: GeoTIFF

Theme_Keyword: backscatter

Theme_Keyword: swath backscatter

Theme_Keyword: interferometry

Theme_Keyword: SEA SWATHPlus

Theme_Keyword: SEA Submetrix

Theme_Keyword: M/V Scarlett Isabella

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover

Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: North America

Place_Keyword: United States

Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean

Place_Keyword: Massachusetts

Place_Keyword: Marthas Vineyard

Place_Keyword: Martha's Vineyard

Place_Keyword: Nantucket

Place_Keyword: Nantucket Sound

Place_Keyword: Cape Cod

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor

Stratum_Keyword: Sea floor

Stratum_Keyword: Surface

Temporal:

Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Temporal_Keyword: 2013

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

These data are NOT to be used for navigation. Mariners should refer to the appropriate nautical chart. Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov

Browse_Graphic:

Browse_Graphic_File_Name:

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/GIS_catalog/browse_img/big/2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.jpg

Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Gray-scale image of interferometric backscatter

Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.4095

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Image pixel values contain acoustic reflectivity values normalized to an 8-bit data range (0-255). Low-backscatter is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter is represented by bright tones (high values). The range of values is limited to 0-188. The nodata value is 189.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

This GeoTIFF represents interferometric backscatter imagery collected along main survey lines at 1-meter per pixel resolution. Sonar data were nominally collected at 100-meter trackline spacing to ensure nearly 100 percent coverage of the survey area. Gaps may occur along-track and between adjacent lines, especially where the ship had to maneuver to avoid obstacles during surveying.

Completeness_Report:

Nearly all quality main survey line backscatter data (generally shore parallel) that were collected within the survey area south of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket were incorporated in this backscatter image. Backscatter from tielines and transit lines were not processed and are therefore excluded from this image. On several days during the survey (May 27-June 1) the vessel experienced considerable heave in rough sea, especially heading in the western direction in the area south of Martha's Vineyard. Survey lines L31, L33, L35, L53, L59, L63, L68-84 and L101 exhibit a number of across-track "data dropouts." These gaps were not filled or interpolated. Time gaps occurred during this field activity where no surveying was done due to bad weather, rough seas and stops in port for crew changes. Planned surveying was paused and no main survey line data were collected during these times:

JD143 15:20 - JD146 20:06 (no data were collected on JD144 or JD145)
JD149 15:40 - JD151 18:59 (no data were collected on JD150)
JD153 00:01 - JD153 14:32 
JD155 18:16 - JD156 02:06
JD158 06:12 - JD160 19:15 (no data were collected on JD159)

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

USGS Field Activity 2013-003-FA: Navigation was acquired with a Coda Octopus F185R Real-time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS); which is accurate to less than 1 meter (typically on the order of centimeters) horizontally. The SWATHPlus-M transducers were mounted on a rigid pole, approximately 2.17 m below the water line, along the port side of the M/V Scarlett Isabella. The RTK-GPS antenna was located on the same pole approximately 4.6 m above the sea surface. These offsets were corrected within the SWATHPlus acquisition software.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: Unpublished Material

Title: raw bathymetry data

Type_of_Source_Media: disc

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20130522

Ending_Date: 20130611

Source_Currentness_Reference:

ground condition during the survey dates: 20130522-20130611; see Completeness_Report for more information

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: raw data

Source_Contribution:

USGS Field Activity 2013-003-FA: A 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus interferometric sonar was mounted on the port side of the M/V Scarlett Isabella. Data were acquired during May and June 2013. USGS Configuration: Survey: Survey lines were run at an average speed of 5 knots and were generally spaced 100 m apart to obtain overlapping swaths of data and full sea-floor coverage. Sonar: The SEA SWATHplus-M operates at a frequency of 234 kHz and a variable range (increased or decreased manually depending on water depth). The system was operated with a transmit power: 80 percent, a transmit length: 43 cycles, 4096 samples per channel, ping rate of 15 per second. Additional sonar configuration information that are not necessarily applicable to the backscatter imagery can be found in the metadata for the bathymetry surface included with this report (USGS Open-File Report 2016-XXXX, High-Resolution Geophysical Data From the Inner Continental Shelf: South of Martha's Vineyard and North of Nantucket, Massachusetts. at https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/ofr2016-1168-data_catalog.html). Small cross-track gaps occur probably as a result of the ship pitching in rough seas. These gaps were not filled or interpolated.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

1. SonarWiz import and processing for USGS field activity 2013-003-FA: Each raw SWATHPlus sonar file (sxr) imported (channels 1 and 2) into SonarWiz software (version 5.06.0018) on the M/V Scarlet Isabella for preliminary shipboard processing. Three separate SonarWiz projects were created (MV_South, NoMansLand, and Nantucket) for the different parts of the survey area. Each line received a bottom tracking correction to remove the water column at nadir. SonarWiz has an automatic bottom-tracking algorithm that generally performs well in most coastal settings. Auto tracking parameters for this survey were set to a blanking value of 7; a duration value of 2; and a threshold of 93 with line smoothing turned on. Some lines required further adjustment to the auto bottom tracking delineation (slightly adjusting the values listed previously), and for nearly all lines some manual editing of the altitude was required in SonarWiz Bottom Tracker. There was a 0.5 m additional altitude offset applied to the bottom tracking, in order to minimize nadir beam pattern noise nearest to nadir in the mosaic. The only gain function applied in SonarWiz during shipboard processing was an empirical gain normalization function (EGN). The Overlap Mode in the SonarWiz project was set to average, which blends the backscatter data in the far range of a line with the overlapping data from the adjacent line. Additional line by line editing, including bottom track adjustments and EGN recalculation were done in post-processing following the survey using SonarWiz (versions 5.06.0018, 5.07.0009, 5.08.0001, 6.0.1.0018, 6.0.1.0027, and 6.0.1.0032). This process step was done between 2013 and 2015. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Seth Ackerman.

Process_Date: 2015

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

2. SonarWiz export for USGS field activity 2013-003-FA: Backscatter imagery for each of the SonarWiz projects was exported as 8-bit GeoTIFF images (UTM Zone 19N, WGS 84) at 1-m resolution. This created a GeoTIFF image and world file (tfw) for each sub-area of the survey. High backscatter intensity values are shown by light tones and low backscatter intensity values are shown by dark tones in the imagery.

Process_Date: 2015

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

3. Combine backscatter imagery for USGS field activity 2013-003-FA: The three GeoTIFFs created in the previous process step were opened in Global Mapper (version 17.0). The images were combined into a single GeoTIFF image and exported as a composite 1-meter GeoTIFF backscatter image (using Export, Export Raster/Image Format..., GeoTIFF; all of the default Global Mapper export values were used, including Generate TFW (World) File; the compression format of the TIFF is Packbits).

Process_Date: 2016

Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: 2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.tif

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster

Raster_Object_Information:

Raster_Object_Type: Pixel

Row_Count: 20981

Column_Count: 68808

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Grid_Coordinate_System:

Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

UTM_Zone_Number: 19

Transverse_Mercator:

Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600

Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000

Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000

False_Easting: 500000.000000

False_Northing: 0.000000

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 1.000000

Ordinate_Resolution: 1.000000

Planar_Distance_Units: meters

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984

Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

There are no attributes associated with a GeoTIFF image. Pixel values for the GeoTIFF have a possible 8-bit pixel range of 0 to 255. However, the acoustic reflectivity data range from 1 to 188, with the NO DATA value at 189 (pixel values 190 to 255 fall outside the range of the data values). Low-backscatter intensity is represented by dark tones (low values) and high-backscatter intensity is represented by bright tones (high values). When using this image in GIS software such as ArcGIS, use the symbology "ColorMap" and the background color of 189 can be set to transparent or null to remove "white space" and none of the real data values will be affected.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: U.S. Geological Survey

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov

Resource_Description:

USGS data release 2013-003-FA backscatter imagery from south of Martha's Vineyard and north of Nantucket (2013-003-FA_Backscatter.zip). The zip file contains a folder with the an 8-bit GeoTIFF image (2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.tif) with a world file (2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.tfw). Metadata files in three standard formats are also included in the zip file.

Distribution_Liability:

Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: GeoTIFF

Format_Version_Number: Global Mapper v17 GeoTIFF

Format_Specification: 8-bit GeoTIFF image

Format_Information_Content:

The zip file contains a folder with an 8-bit GeoTIFF image at 1-meter resolution and the associated metadata and world file.

File_Decompression_Technique:

Use 7zip, WinZip, Peazip, pkUnzip, Keka or other uncompressing software

Transfer_Size: 106

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name:

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/GIS_catalog/raster/bathy/2013-003-FA_Backscatter1m.zip

Network_Resource_Name:

https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2016/1168/ofr2016-1168-data_catalog.html

Network_Resource_Name: https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161168

Access_Instructions: Data can be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW)

Fees: None

Technical_Prerequisites:

The ZIP file contains an 8-bit GeoTIFF image compressed using the Packbits compression format with a world file. To utilize these data an image processing or GIS software package capable of viewing an 8-bit GeoTIFF image with Packbits compression.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20160909

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Seth Ackerman

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Geologist

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 384 Woods Hole Rd.

City: Woods Hole

State_or_Province: MA

Postal_Code: 02543-1598

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 508-548-8700 x2315

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 508-457-2310

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sackerman@usgs.gov

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time