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Figure 34. Temperature variations in the Summit ice core (Greenland ice sheet) during the last 35 kyr of the late Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs. The late Pleistocene was characterized by cold temperatures, interrupted by about 7 short Dansgaard-Oescher warm intervals. One Heinrich event (H3) is shown when an ice stream on the eastern margin of the Laurentide ice sheet surged. At the end of the Pleistocene, longer warm intervals occurred, including Bølling and Allerød. A final cold period, the Younger Dryas, occurred at the end of the Pleistocene near the beginning of the Holocene. The Holocene is a warm interval with less extreme variations in temperature after the Younger Dryas (see fig. 35). Modified from Ahn and Brook ( 2008, figure on p. 84). The original source is the Greenland Ice-Core Project (see also Kerr (1993, figure on p. 891)).