Glaciers of New Zealand

CONTENTS

Abstract

Introduction

Figure 1. Location map showing glacial regions and locations of glaciers mentioned in the text

Occurrence of glaciers

Figure 2. Oblique aerial photograph looking northeast on 22 March 1983 at the Garden of Eden

Figure 3. Graph showing distribution by size of 468 Canterbury glaciers of the Mount Whitcombe region

Figure 4. Graph showing distribution by size of 351 Westland glaciers of the Mount Whitcombe region

Figure 5. Aspect rose diagrams of 819 glaciers of the Mount Whitcombe region

Observation of glaciers

Historical glacier observations

Modern glacier observations

Figure 6. Graph showing measured variations in the position of the termini of the Fox, Franz Josef, and Ivory Glaciers

Figure 7. Glacier elevation-difference map of Ivory Glacier from April 1971 to March 1988

Mapping of glaciers

Earliest maps

Present maps

Imaging of glaciers

Aerial photography

Satellite imagery

Figure 8. Map of New Zealand showing availability of Landsat images of glaciers

Figure 9. Oblique aerial photograph looking east on 11 April 1978 at a small unnamed glacier under Mount Kensington

Figure 10. Oblique aerial photograph looking east on 16 April 1980 at the Jalf Glacier

Table 1. 1, 2, and 3 images of glaciers of New Zealand

Types of glaciers and phenomena observable on Landsat images

Glacier advance and recession

Glacier flow

Climatic variations

Figure 11. Landsat 3 RBV image of part of the Mount Cook region showing glacierkarst features developing on the Tasman Glacier

Figure 12. Oblique aerial photograph looking northeast on 11 April 1978 of the debris-covered and detached trunk of Douglas Glacier

Figure 13. Diagram showing historic variation of the terminus of the Franz Josef Glacier and associated events

Figure 14. Vertical aerial photographic mosaic of the terminus and environs of the Franz Josef Glacier in 1983 showing outlines of positions of the glacier front over the past two centuries

Figure 15. Landsat MSS false-color composite showing Pleistocene glacial features and moraines around Lakes Pukaki, Tekapo, and Ohau.

Figure 16. Landsat 2 MSS image of a large Pleistocene lateral moraine

Figure 17. Oblique aerial photograph on 14 March 1980 of a recent rock avalanche that fell onto Murchison Glacier during December 1979

Table 2. Glacier-snowline variations with time

Conclusion

References cited

U.S. Geological Survey, U.S.Department of the Interior
This page is https://pubs.usgs.gov/prof/p1386h/nzealand/nztoc.html
Contact: Richard S. Williams, Jr., and Jane G. Ferrigno
Last modified 05.01.00