References Cited

Bailey, D.K., 1970, Phytogeography and taxonomy of Pinus subsection Balfourianae: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, v. 57, p. 210–249.

Benson, L.D., and Darrow, R.A., 1981, Trees and shrubs of the southwestern deserts (3rd ed.): Tucson, Ariz., University of Arizona Press, 416 p.

Critchfield, W.B., and Little, E.L., Jr., 1966, Geographic distribution of the pines of the world: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 991, 97 p.

Elias, S.A., 1997, The mutual climatic range method of palaeoclimate reconstruction based on fossil insects: New applications and interhemispheric comparisons: Quaternary Science Reviews v. 16, p. 1217–1225.

Elias, S.A., and Matthews, J.V., Jr., 2002, Arctic North American seasonal temperatures from the latest Miocene to the early Pleistocene, based on mutual climatic range analysis of fossil beetle assemblages: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 39, p. 911–920.

Grichuk, V.P., 1969, An attempt to reconstruct certain elements of the climate of the Northern Hemisphere in the Atlantic period of the Holocene, in Neishtadt, M.I., ed., Moscow, Golotsen, Nauka, p. 41–57.

Grichuk, V.P., 1984, Late Pleistocene vegetation history, in Velichko, A.A., ed., Late Quaternary environments of the Soviet Union: Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, p. 155–178.

Horne, D.J., 2007, A mutual temperature range method for Quaternary palaeoclimatic analysis using European nonmarine Ostracoda: Quaternary Science Reviews, 2007, p. 1398–1415.

Iversen, Johannes, 1944, Viscum, Hedera and Ilex as climate indicators: Geologiska föreningens i Stockholm förhandlinger, v. 66, p. 463–483.

Little, E.L., Jr., 1971, Atlas of United States trees, volume 1, Conifers and important hardwoods: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 1146, 200 maps.

Little, E.L., Jr., 1976, Atlas of United States trees, volume 3, Minor western hardwoods: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 1314, 210 maps.

Little, E.L., Jr., 1977, Atlas of United States trees, volume 4, Minor eastern hardwoods: Washington, D.C., U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 1342, 166 maps.

Little, E.L., Jr., 1978. Atlas of United States trees, volume 5, Florida: Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 1361, 256 maps.

Little, E.L., Jr., 1981, Atlas of United States trees, volume 6, Supplement Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 1410, 30 p.

Missouri Botanical Garden, 2012a, Tropicos: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo., database, accessed August 2012 at http://www.tropicos.org.

Missouri Botanical Garden, 2012b, eFloras: Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Mo., and Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Mass., database, accessed August 2012 at http://www.efloras.org.

Moine, Olivier, Rousseau, Denis-Didier, Jolly, Dominique, and Vianey-Liaud, Marc, 2002, Paleoclimatic reconstruction using mutual climatic range on terrestrial mollusks: Quaternary Research, v. 57, p. 162–172.

Mosbrugger, Volker, and Utescher, Torsten, 1997, The coexistence approach—A method for quantitative reconstructions of Tertiary terrestrial palaeoclimate data using plant fossils: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 134, p. 61–86.

New, M.G., Hulme, Mike, and Jones, P.D., 1999, Representing twentieth century space-time climate variability. Part 1: Development of a 1961–90 mean monthly terrestrial climatology: Journal of Climate, v. 12, p. 829–856.

New, M.G., Hulme, Mike, and Jones, P.D., 2000, Representing twentieth century space-time climate variability. Part 2: Development of 1901–96 monthly grids of terrestrial surface climate: Journal of Climate, v. 13, p. 2217–2238.

New, M.G., Lister, David, Hulme, Mike, and Makin, Ian, 2002, A high-resolution data set of surface climate over global land areas: Climate Research, v. 21, p. 1–25.

Newman, J.E., 1980, Climate change impacts on the growing season of the North American corn belt: Biometeorology v. 7, p. 128–142.

Priestley, C.H.B., and Taylor, R.J., 1972, On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large-scale parameters: Monthly Weather Review, v. 100, p. 81–92.

Pross, Jörg, Klotz, Stefan, and Mosbrugger, Volker, 2000, Reconstructing palaeotemperatures for the early and middle Pleistocene using the mutual climatic range method based on plant fossils: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 19, p. 1785–1799.

Ricketts, T.H., Dinerstein, Eric, Olson, D.M., Loucks, C.J., Eichbaum, William, DellaSala, Dominick, Kavanagh, Kevin, Hedao, Prashant., Hurley, P.T., Carney, K.M., Abell, Robin, and Walters, Steven, 1999, Terrestrial ecoregions of North America: A conservation assessment: Washington, D.C., Island Press, 485 p.

Shafer, S.L., Bartlein, P.J., and Thompson, R.S., 2001, Potential changes in the distributions of western North America tree and shrub taxa under future climate scenarios: Ecosystems, v. 4, p. 200–215.

Sharpe, S.E., 2002, Constructing seasonal climograph overlap envelopes from Holocene packrat midden contents, Dinosaur National Monument, Colorado: Quaternary Research, v. 57, p. 306–313.

Sinka, K.J., and Atkinson, T.C., 1999, A mutual climatic range method for reconstructing palaeoclimate from plant remains: Journal of the Geological Society, London, v. 156, p. 381–396.

Sudworth, G.B. 1908, Forest trees of the Pacific slope: Washington, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 441 p.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., and Bartlein, P.J., 1999a, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America— Introduction and conifers: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650–A, 269 p., available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-a/.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., and Bartlein, P.J., 1999b, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America— Hardwoods: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650–B, 423 p., available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-b/.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., and Bartlein, P.J., 1999c, Quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions from late Pleistocene plant macrofossils of the Yucca Mountain region: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99–338, 39 p.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., and Bartlein, P.J., 2008, Quantitative estimation of bioclimatic parameters from presence/absence vegetation data in North America by the modern analog technique: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 27, p. 1234–1254.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Bartlein, P.J., and Smith, S.A., 2000, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America— Additional conifers, hardwoods, and monocots: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650–C, 386 p., available online at http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/pp1650C.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Strickland, L.E., Shafer, S.L., Pelltier, R.T., and Bartlein, P.J., 2006, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America— Alaskan species and ecoregions: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650–D, 342 p., available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-d/.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Shafer, S.L., Pelltier, R.T., and Bartlein, P.J., 2007, Atlas of relations between climatic parameters and distributions of important trees and shrubs in North America— Ecoregions of North America: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1650–E, CD-ROM, available online at https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/p1650-e/.

Thompson, R.S., Anderson, K.H., Pelltier, R.T., Strickland, L.E., Bartlein, P.J., and Shafer, S.L., 2012, Quantitative estimation of climatic parameters from vegetation data in North America by the mutual climatic range technique: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 51, p. 18–39.

U.S. Geological Survey Center for Biological Informatics, 2012, Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS): U.S. Geological Survey database, accessed August 2012 at http://www.itis.gov.

Viereck, L.A., and Little, E.L., Jr., 1975, Atlas of United States Trees, volume 2, Alaska trees and common shrubs: U.S. Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication, v. 1293, 19 p., 105 maps.

Yang, T.W., 1970, Major chromosome races of Larrea in North America: Journal of the Arizona Academy of Science, v. 6, p. 41–45.