Type C botulism losses at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, 1978
Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters
By: R. M. Windingstad, R. M. Duncan, and R.L. Drieslein
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Abstract
Avian botulism was responsible for the death of over 6,000 waterfowl at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin in 1978. The outbreak occurred in early fall on a flooded 250 hectare fallow agricultural area on the northeast end of the refuge. The species most severely affected was the green-winged teal (Anas carolinensis), which made up almost 45% of the total birds found. Carcass pick-up, mouse toxicity tests, and antitoxin injections of waterfowl are discussed.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Type C botulism losses at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, 1978 |
| Series title | Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters |
| Volume | 68 |
| Year Published | 1980 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters |
| Contributing office(s) | National Wildlife Health Center |
| Description | 4 p. |
| First page | 208 |
| Last page | 211 |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| Other Geospatial | Horicon National Wildlife Reserve |
| Online Only (Y/N) | N |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |