Channel hydraulics, habitat use, and body form of juvenile coho salmon, steelhead, and cutthroat trout in streams

Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
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Abstract

Habitat use by juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, steelhead Salmo gairdneri, and the coastal subspecies of cutthroat trout Salmo clarki clarki in small streams in western Washington was influenced by hydraulic characteristics of different types of channel units. Coho salmon preferred pools with average velocities less than 20 cm/s; very few fish were found in riffles with high current velocities. Steelhead occurred in riffles and also utilized deep pools with relatively high velocities along the center of the channel. Cutthroat trout were intermediate between coho salmon and steelhead in their use of swiftly flowing habitats. Variation in body shape and fin size among the three species generally fit the predicted morphologies that would be favored in different locations within the channel. Coho salmon possessed a deep, laterally compressed body with large median and paired fins. These features are believed to facilitate rapid turns and quick but transient burst swimming. Steelhead possessed a more cylindrical body shape with short median fins and relatively large paired fins, attributes that appear well adapted to holding a position in swift water. The cutthroat troutˈs lack of morphological adaptation to either fast or slow water may help to explain why this species is dominated by coho salmon and steelhead in areas of sympatry.

Suggested Citation

Bisson, P., Sullivan, K., and Nielsen, J., 1988, Channel hydraulics, habitat use, and body form of juvenile coho salmon, steelhead, and cutthroat trout in streams: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 117, no. 3, p. 262-273, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0262:CHHUAB>2.3.CO;2.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Channel hydraulics, habitat use, and body form of juvenile coho salmon, steelhead, and cutthroat trout in streams
Series title Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
DOI 10.1577/1548-8659(1988)117<0262:CHHUAB>2.3.CO;2
Volume 117
Issue 3
Year Published 1988
Language English
Publisher American Fisheries Society
Contributing office(s) Alaska Biological Science Center
Description 12 p.
First page 262
Last page 273
Additional publication details