Identifying sex and age of apapane and iiwi on Hawaii
Journal of Field Ornithology
By: S.G. Fancy, T.K. Pratt, G.D. Lindsey, C.K. Harada, A.H. Parent Jr., and J.D. Jacobi
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Abstract
Methods to determine the sex and age of Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) and Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea) were developed on the basis of 189 museum specimens and 91 live birds captured in mist nets on the Island of Hawaii (USA). Both species retain all juvenal primaries and some juvenal secondaries and body feathers after the first prebasic molt and attain full adult plumage after the second prebasic molt. Apapane in their first basic plumage retain some buff-edged juvenal secondaries (particularly secondaries five and six) and sometimes retain a few gray-brown feathers on the head. The first basic plumage of Iiwi is characterized by secondaries 6-9 being longer and darker than secondaries 1-4 and the presence of a few yellowish juvenal body feathers with black spots at the tips. Adult male Apapane and Iiwi have longer wing, tail, exposed culmen, culmen and tarso-metatarsus lengths than females. Linear discriminant functions are presented to sex adult Apapane and Iiwi from lengths of their wing chord and exposed culmen.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Identifying sex and age of apapane and iiwi on Hawaii |
| Series title | Journal of Field Ornithology |
| Volume | 64 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Year Published | 1993 |
| Language | English |
| Contributing office(s) | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
| Description | 262-269 |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Journal of Field Ornithology |
| First page | 262 |
| Last page | 269 |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |