West Nile virus: North American experience
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Abstract
West Nile virus, a mosquito-vectored flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis serogroup, was first detected in North America following an epizootic in the New York City area in 1999. In the intervening 11 years since the arrival of the virus in North America, it has crossed the contiguous USA, entered the Canadian provinces bordering the USA, and has been reported in the Caribbean islands, Mexico, Central America and, more recently, South America. West Nile virus has been reported in over 300 species of birds in the USA and has caused the deaths of thousands of birds, local population declines of some avian species, the clinical illness and deaths of thousands of domestic horses, and the clinical disease in over 30 000 Americans and the deaths of over 1000. Prior to the emergence of West Nile virus in North America, St. Louis encephalitis virus and Dengue virus were the only other known mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses in North America capable of causing human disease. This review will discuss the North American experience with mosquito-borne flavivirus prior to the arrival of West Nile virus, the entry and spread of West Nile virus in North America, effects on wild bird populations, genetic changes in the virus, and the current state of West Nile virus transmission.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | West Nile virus: North American experience |
| Series title | Integrative Zoology |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00251.x |
| Volume | 6 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Year Published | 2011 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing |
| Publisher location | Malden, MA |
| Contributing office(s) | National Wildlife Health Center |
| Description | 11 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Article |
| Larger Work Subtype | Journal Article |
| Larger Work Title | Integrative Zoology |
| First page | 279 |
| Last page | 289 |
| Country | United States |
| Other Geospatial | North America |
| Online Only (Y/N) | N |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |