The association of 34 elements with minerals found in coal was determined by a combination of analytical techniques on size and density fractions of low-temperature ash (LTA). Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine the concentrations of the elements, and X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy were used to identify the minerals present in the LTA. The distribution of elemental and mineral concentrations in different size fractions was also determined. Between 35 and 60 weight percent of the LTA was composed of particles smaller than 2 mu m.