Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey
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Abstract
Analyses of results of the National Geodetic Survey's leveling refraction tests indicate that the standard deviation about the mean (σ) for high-scale minus low-scale rod readings closely correlates with measured refraction error. Use of this relation in conjunction with values for σ obtained from routinely constrained surveys provides a basis for estimating the refraction error associated with levelings of stipulated order and class.
Suggested Citation
Castle, R.O., Gilmore, T., Mark, R.K., and Shaw, R., 1985, Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 12, no. 5, p. 239-242, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL012i005p00239.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey |
| Series title | Geophysical Research Letters |
| DOI | 10.1029/GL012i005p00239 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Publication Date | December 07, 2012 |
| Year Published | 1985 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Geophysical Union |
| Description | 4 p. |
| First page | 239 |
| Last page | 242 |