Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey
Geophysical Research Letters
By: R. O. Castle, T.D. Gilmore, R. K. Mark, and R.H. Shaw
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Abstract
Analyses of results of the National Geodetic Survey's leveling refraction tests indicate that the standard deviation about the mean (σ) for high-scale minus low-scale rod readings closely correlates with measured refraction error. Use of this relation in conjunction with values for σ obtained from routinely constrained surveys provides a basis for estimating the refraction error associated with levelings of stipulated order and class.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey |
| Series title | Geophysical Research Letters |
| DOI | 10.1029/GL012i005p00239 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Publication Date | December 07, 2012 |
| Year Published | 1985 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Geophysical Union |
| Description | 4 p. |
| First page | 239 |
| Last page | 242 |